短脉，不及本位（《脉诀》）。应指而回，不能满部（《脉经》）。戴同父云∶短脉只见尺寸，若关中见短，上不通寸，
下不通尺，是阴阳绝脉，必死矣。故关不诊短。黎居士云∶长短未有定体，诸脉举按之，附过于本位者为长，不及本位
者为短。长脉属肝宜于春。短脉属肺宜于秋。但诊肝肺，长短自见。
〔体状相类诗〕两头缩缩名为短，涩短迟迟细且难。短涩而浮秋喜见，三春为贼有邪干。（涩、微、动、结，皆兼
短脉）
〔主病诗〕短脉惟于尺寸寻，短而滑数酒伤神。浮为血涩沉为痞，寸主头疼尺腹疼。（《经》曰∶短则气病，短主不
及之病）
洪脉，指下极大（《脉经》）。来盛去衰（《素问》）。来大去长（《通真子》）。洪脉在卦为离，在时为夏，在人为心。《素
问》谓之大，亦曰钩。滑氏曰∶来盛去衰，如钩之曲，上而复下。应血脉来去之象，象万物敷布下垂之状。詹炎举言如
环珠者，非。《脉诀》云∶季夏宜之，秋季、冬季，发汗通肠，俱非洪脉所宜，盖谬也。
〔体状诗〕脉来洪盛去还衰，满指淹淹应夏时。若在春秋冬月分，升阳散火莫狐疑。
〔相类诗〕洪脉来时拍拍然，去衰来盛似波澜。欲知实脉参差处，举按弦长 坚。（洪而有力为实，实而无力为
洪）
〔主病诗〕脉洪阳盛血应虚，相火炎炎热病居。胀满胃翻须早治，阴虚泄痢可愁如。寸洪心火上焦炎，肺脉洪时金
不堪。肝火胃虚肝内察，肾虚阴火尺中看。洪主阳盛阴虚之病，泄痢、失血、久嗽者忌之。《经》曰∶形瘦脉大多气者
死。曰∶脉大则病进。
短脉，指脉搏搏动范围不及寸、关、尺三部本位（《脉诀》）。应指即回，不能充满整个脉位（《脉经》）。戴同父说：短脉只出现在寸部和尺部，如果在关部出现短脉，说明上不通寸口，下不通尺部，这是阴阳之气断绝的脉象，必定死亡。因此关部不诊察短脉。黎居士说：长短没有固定的形态，各种脉象在举按之时，超过本位的为长脉，不及本位的为短脉。长脉归属于肝，适宜于春季。短脉归属于肺，适宜于秋季。只要诊察肝和肺的脉象，长短自然显现。
〔体状相类诗〕两头收缩称为短脉，脉来涩滞短促、细微且困难。短而涩且浮的脉象在秋季喜见，若在春、夏、秋三季出现则为贼邪干扰。（涩脉、微脉、动脉、结脉，都兼有短脉的特征）
〔主病诗〕短脉只在寸部和尺部寻取，短而滑数的脉象提示酒伤神气。浮取为血行涩滞，沉取为痞块积聚。寸部短主头痛，尺部短主腹痛。（《内经》说：短脉主气病，短脉主气机不及之病）
洪脉，指下感觉极大（《脉经》）。来势盛大，去势衰退（《素问》）。来势大而去势长（《通真子》）。洪脉在八卦中属于离卦，在季节中对应夏季，在人体对应心脏。《素问》称其为“大”，也称为“钩”。滑寿说：来势盛大，去势衰退，像钩子的弯曲一样，向上后又向下。这符合血脉来去的形象，象征万物舒展布列下垂的状态。詹炎举说像圆珠滚动，是不对的。《脉诀》说：季夏适宜，秋季、冬季发汗通肠，都不适合洪脉，这大概是错误的说法。
〔体状诗〕脉来洪大盛满，去时衰退，满指感觉淹淹然，应合夏季时令。如果在春、冬、秋月份出现，应当升阳散火，不要犹豫。
〔相类诗〕洪脉来时拍击有力，去势衰退来势盛大似波澜。想知道实脉与洪脉的差异之处，在于举按之下弦长而坚硬。（洪大而有力为实脉，实脉而无力为洪脉）
〔主病诗〕脉洪表示阳气盛而血虚，相火炎炎是热病所在。胀满、胃气上逆须及早治疗，阴虚导致的泄泻痢疾令人忧愁。寸部洪大主心火上炎导致上焦火热，肺脉洪大时金气不堪受克。肝火与胃虚可在肝脉中察知，肾虚阴火可在尺部查看。洪脉主阳气盛阴虚的病证，泄泻、痢疾、失血、久咳者忌用洪脉所代表的治法或病情加重。《内经》说：形体消瘦而脉大多气的是死证。又说：脉大则病势进展。
Short pulse, the pulsation range does not reach the original position of the three positions (Cun, Guan, Chi) (Mai Jue). It returns upon touch and cannot fill the entire pulse position (Mai Jing). Dai Tongfu said: Short pulse is only seen at Cun and Chi. If a short pulse appears at Guan, it indicates that Qi fails to connect upwards to Cun and downwards to Chi; this is a pulse of Yin and Yang exhaustion, indicating certain death. Therefore, Guan is not examined for short pulse. Li Jushi said: There is no fixed form for long or short. When palpating various pulses with light and heavy pressure, those exceeding the original position are long, and those failing to reach the original position are short. Long pulse belongs to Liver and is suitable for Spring. Short pulse belongs to Lung and is suitable for Autumn. By examining Liver and Lung pulses, long and short naturally become apparent.
[Poem on Form and Similarities]
Shrinking at both ends is named Short,
Sluggish, short, slow, fine, and difficult.
Short, sluggish, and floating is favorable in Autumn,
But in Spring, Summer, and Autumn months, it signifies evil interference.
(Sluggish, Micro, Agitated, and Knotted pulses all accompany Short pulse.)
[Poem on Main Diseases]
Short pulse is sought only at Cun and Chi,
Short and slippery-rapid indicates alcohol damaging the Spirit.
Floating indicates blood stagnation, Deep indicates obstruction masses.
Cun short governs headache, Chi short governs abdominal pain.
(The Classic says: Short implies Qi disease; Short governs insufficiency diseases.)
Full pulse, feeling extremely large under the fingers (Mai Jing). Coming vigorously and departing weakly (Su Wen). Coming large and departing long (Tong Zhen Zi). Full pulse corresponds to the Li trigram in Bagua, Summer in seasons, and Heart in the human body. Su Wen refers to it as "Large" (Da), also called "Hook" (Gou). Hua Shou said: Coming vigorously and departing weakly, like the curve of a hook, going up then down. This reflects the image of blood vessels coming and going, resembling the state of all things spreading out and hanging down. Zhan Yanju's statement that it resembles rolling pearls is incorrect. Mai Jue states: Suitable for late Summer, but sweating and purging in Autumn and Winter are not suitable for Full pulse; this is likely an error.
[Poem on Form]
Pulse comes full and vigorous, departs declining,
Filling the finger, corresponding to Summer time.
If appearing in Spring, Winter, or Autumn months,
Raise Yang and scatter fire, do not hesitate.
[Poem on Similarities]
When Full pulse comes, it beats forcefully,
Departing weak, coming strong like waves.
To know the difference from Solid pulse,
Palpate lightly and heavily for string-tight hardness.
(Full and forceful is Solid pulse; Solid but without force is Full pulse.)
[Poem on Main Diseases]
Full pulse indicates Yang excess and Blood deficiency,
Blazing ministerial fire resides in heat diseases.
Distension and stomach reversal require early treatment,
Yin deficiency with diarrhea and dysentery causes worry.
Cun fullness indicates Heart fire blazing in the Upper Jiao,
Lung pulse fullness means Metal cannot withstand [Fire].
Liver fire and Stomach deficiency are observed in Liver pulse,
Kidney deficiency and ministerial fire are seen at Chi.
Full pulse governs diseases of Yang excess and Yin deficiency;
It is contraindicated for diarrhea, dysentery, hemorrhage, and chronic cough.
The Classic says: Emaciated form with large pulse and excessive Qi indicates death.
It also says: Large pulse indicates disease progression.