《素问·举痛论》帝曰∶愿闻人之五脏卒痛，何气使然？岐伯曰∶经脉流行不止，环周不休，寒气入经
而稽迟，泣而不行，客于脉外则血少，客于脉中则气不通，故卒然而痛。帝曰∶其痛各不同形，别之奈何？
岐伯曰∶寒气客于脉外则脉寒，脉寒则缩 ，缩 则脉绌急，绌急则外引小络，故卒然而痛，得炅则痛立止，
因重中于寒，则痛久矣；寒气客于经脉之中，与炅气相薄则脉满，满则痛而不可按也，寒气稽留，炅气从上，
则脉充大而血气乱，故痛甚不可按也；寒气客于肠胃之间，膜原之下，血不得散，小络急引，故痛，按之则血
气散，故按之痛止；寒气客于挟脊之脉，则深按之不能及，故按之无益也；寒气客于冲脉，冲脉起于关元，随
腹直上，寒气客则脉不通，脉不通则气因之，故喘动应手矣；寒气客于背俞之脉，则血脉泣，脉泣则血虚，血
虚则痛，其俞注于心，故相引而痛，按之则热气至，热气至则痛止矣；寒气客于厥阴之脉，厥阴之脉者，络阴
器，系于肝，寒气客于脉中，则血泣脉急，故胁肋与少腹相引痛矣；厥气客于阴股，寒气上及少腹，血泣，在
下相引，故腹痛引阴股；寒气客于小肠膜原之间，络血之中，血泣不得注于大经，血气稽留不得行，故宿昔而
成积矣；寒气客于五脏，厥逆上泄，阴气竭，阳气未入，故卒然痛死不知人，气复反则生矣；寒气客于肠胃，
厥逆上出，故痛而呕也；寒气客于肠，小肠不得成聚，故后泄腹痛矣，热气留于小肠，肠中痛，瘅热焦渴，则
坚干不得出，故痛而闭不通矣。
营行脉中，卫行脉外，脉外者，卫分络脉也，气血周流，循环不已，若寒气客之，寒性凝敛，经脉稽迟，
不能循度而行。寒气客于脉外则血少者，以乏阳气生化也；寒气客于脉中，则营气闭塞不通，故卒然而痛。其
客于脉外，则脉缩 而绌急，则外引小络，故卒然而痛，得炅，则寒散而痛立止，若重中于寒，则痛久难止矣；
寒气客于经脉之中，与阳气相迫，则脉中血瘀而胀满，故痛不可按，因其寒气稽留，阳气从上而行，致脉充大
而血气乱，故痛甚不可按也；寒气客于肠胃膜原之下，此不在经脉，故按之血气散而痛止也；寒气客于挟脊之
脉，比营卫深，故按之不能及，而痛无增减也；冲脉之气，自少腹上行至胸，寒气客之，
则气闭脉不通，故按之喘动应手也；寒气客于背俞之脉，血脉涩而血虚，其俞注于心，故与心相引而痛，背
俞亦同络脉，故按之热气至而痛止也；厥阴经脉行于胁肋少腹，寒气客之，血涩脉急，故胁肋引少腹而痛也；
寒气客于阴股，上及少腹而血涩，故腹痛引阴股也；寒气客于小肠膜原之间，络血涩而不得注于大经，稽留而
成积，其痛不言可知矣；寒气客于五脏，脏气厥逆上泄而阴气竭，则阳不得入阴而通和，故卒然痛死不知人，
厥气反顺而阴阳和，则复生；寒气客于肠胃，而腑中浊壅，其气厥逆上冲，故痛而呕也；寒气客于小肠，小肠
为受盛之官，不得聚水谷而输化，故后泄而腹痛矣。以上皆为寒痛，惟热留小肠而痛者，止一条，则有瘅热焦
渴，其便坚干不得出之证，因热闭不通而痛者，当辨别也。
帝曰∶扪而可得者奈何？岐伯曰∶视其主病之脉，坚而血及陷下者，皆可扪而得也。
此言针治之法也。如上所现证状，知其病在何经何络，即为主病之脉。视其脉，扪之坚而露血色，及脉
陷下者，皆邪之所在，可扪而得，以法治之也。
黄帝问道：我想听听人的五脏突然发生疼痛，是什么气造成的？岐伯回答说：经脉中的气血流行不止，环周运行不停息。寒气侵入经脉后，运行就会迟缓、凝滞而不通畅。寒气停留在脉外，就会导致血少；寒气停留在脉中，就会导致气机不通，所以会突然发生疼痛。
岐伯说：寒气客居于脉外，则经脉受寒，经脉受寒则收缩拘急，收缩拘急则脉络屈曲紧急，屈曲紧急则牵引周围的小络脉，所以突然发生疼痛；遇到温热（炅），疼痛立即停止；如果再次遭受寒邪侵袭，疼痛就会持续很久。
寒气客居于经脉之中，与热气相互搏结，则脉道充盈胀满，胀满则疼痛且不可按压；寒气停留不去，热气从上而来，则脉道充大，血气紊乱，所以疼痛剧烈且不可按压。
寒气客居于肠胃之间、膜原之下，血液不能散行，小络脉紧急牵引，所以发生疼痛；按压时血气得以疏散，所以按压后疼痛停止。
寒气客居于夹脊两侧的经脉，位置较深，重按达不到病所，所以按压没有益处。
寒气客居于冲脉，冲脉起于关元穴，沿腹部直上，寒气客居则脉道不通，脉道不通则气机随之逆乱，所以触摸时能感到喘动应手。
寒气客居于背俞之脉，则血脉凝涩，血脉凝涩则血虚，血虚则疼痛；背俞之气注于心，所以心与背部相互牵引而痛；按压时热气到达，热气到达则疼痛停止。
寒气客居于厥阴之脉，厥阴之脉联络阴器，系属于肝，寒气客居于脉中，则血液凝涩、经脉拘急，所以胁肋与小腹相互牵引而痛。
厥气客居于阴股（大腿内侧），寒气上行波及小腹，血液凝涩，在下部相互牵引，所以腹痛牵引阴股。
寒气客居于小肠的膜原之间、络脉血液中，血液凝涩不能注入大经，血气停留不得运行，所以经过一段时间就形成积块。
寒气客居于五脏，导致脏气厥逆上泄，阴气竭绝，阳气未能入阴，所以突然剧痛致死、不知人事；如果气机恢复顺行，就能生存。
热气留在于小肠，肠中疼痛，热盛焦渴，导致大便坚硬干燥无法排出，所以疼痛且闭塞不通。
营气行于脉中，卫气行于脉外。所谓脉外，是指卫气分布的络脉部分，气血周流循环不已。如果寒气客居其中，因寒性凝敛，经脉运行迟缓，不能循常度而行。
寒气客居于脉外导致血少的，是因为缺乏阳气的生化作用；寒气客居于脉中，则营气闭塞不通，所以突然发生疼痛。
寒气客居于脉外，则经脉收缩而屈曲紧急，进而牵引小络，所以突然发生疼痛；得到温热，则寒气消散而疼痛立即停止；如果再次遭受寒邪，则疼痛长久难止。
寒气客居于经脉之中，与阳气相迫，则脉中血瘀而胀满，所以疼痛不可按压；因为寒气停留，阳气从上而行，致使脉道充大而血气紊乱，所以疼痛剧烈不可按压。
寒气客居于肠胃膜原之下，此处不在主要经脉上，所以按压时血气疏散而疼痛停止。
寒气客居于夹脊之脉，比营卫所在部位更深，所以按压达不到病所，疼痛无增减。
冲脉之气，自少腹上行至胸，寒气客居其中，则气闭脉不通，所以按压时能感到喘动应手。
寒气客居于背俞之脉，血脉涩滞而血虚，其俞注于心，所以与心相互牵引而痛；背俞也同属络脉系统，所以按压时热气到达而疼痛停止。
厥阴经脉行于胁肋和小腹，寒气客居其中，血涩脉急，所以胁肋牵引小腹而痛。
寒气客居于小肠膜原之间，络脉血液涩滞而不能注入大经，停留而成积块，其疼痛不言而喻。
寒气客居于五脏，脏气厥逆上泄而阴气竭绝，则阳气不能入阴而通和，所以突然剧痛致死不知人事；如果厥气反顺，阴阳调和，则复生。
寒气客居于肠胃，腑中浊气壅塞，气机厥逆上冲，所以疼痛且呕吐。
寒气客居于小肠，小肠为受盛之官，不能聚纳水谷而输布化生，所以出现腹泻和腹痛。以上都是寒性疼痛，只有热气留于小肠而痛这一条，伴有瘅热焦渴、大便坚干不得出的症状，是因热闭不通而疼痛，应当加以辨别。
黄帝问道：用手扪摸就能诊察到的情况是怎样的？
岐伯说：观察主病之脉，凡见脉象坚实、显露血色以及脉陷下者，都可以通过扪摸而发现。
这是讲述针刺治疗的方法。如上所述的症状，知道病在何经何络，即为主病之脉。观察其脉，扪摸时感觉坚实且露出血色，或者脉象陷下的，都是邪气所在之处，可以通过扪摸而发现，从而用相应的方法治疗。
Huangdi asked: I wish to hear about the sudden pain in the five Zang organs of humans. What Qi causes this? Qibo replied: The flow of Qi and Blood in the meridians never ceases, circulating endlessly around the body. When Cold pathogen enters the meridians, its flow becomes sluggish, stagnating and failing to move. If it lodges outside the vessels, there is a deficiency of Blood; if it lodges inside the vessels, the flow of Qi becomes obstructed. Therefore, sudden pain occurs.
Huangdi asked: The shapes of these pains are different from each other. How can they be distinguished?
Qibo said: When Cold lodges outside the vessels, the vessels become cold. Vessels that are cold contract and shorten. Contracted and shortened vessels become taut and cramped. Taut and cramped vessels pull on the small collateral vessels, causing sudden pain. Upon receiving heat (Jiong), the pain stops immediately. However, if struck by Cold again while already affected, the pain will persist for a long time.
When Cold lodges within the main meridians and contends with Heat Qi, the vessels become full and distended. Distension leads to pain that cannot be pressed upon. If Cold remains stagnant and Heat rises from above, the vessels become enlarged and congested, causing chaotic Qi and Blood flow. Thus, the pain is severe and unyielding to pressure.
When Cold lodges between the intestines and stomach, beneath the membrane sources (Mo Yuan), the Blood cannot disperse, and the small collerals become tense and pulling, causing pain. Pressing on the area disperses the Qi and Blood, so the pain ceases upon pressure.
When Cold lodges in the meridians flanking the spine, deep pressing cannot reach the site, so pressing yields no benefit.
When Cold lodges in the Chong Mai (Penetrating Vessel), which originates at Guanyuan (CV4) and ascends straight up the abdomen, the Cold causes obstruction in the vessel. Obstruction in the vessel leads to turbulent Qi movement, which can be felt as pulsation under the hand upon palpation.
When Cold lodges in the Back-Shu points' meridians, the blood vessels become sluggish, leading to Blood deficiency. Deficiency of Blood causes pain. Since the Shu points connect to the Heart, there is mutual pulling pain between the back and the heart region. Applying heat via pressing brings warmth to the area, and when warmth arrives, the pain stops.
When Cold lodges in the Jueyin Meridian, which connects to the genitalia and is tied to the Liver, the Cold causes Blood stagnation and vessel tension within the channel. This results in mutual pulling pain between the hypochondrium/ribs and the lower abdomen.
When Jue Qi lodges in the inner thigh (Yin Gu), and Cold ascends to involve the lower abdomen, Blood stagnates. The downward pulling sensation causes abdominal pain radiating to the inner thighs.
When Cold lodges in the membrane sources between the small intestine and the collateral vessels, Blood stagnates and fails to enter the larger meridians. The stagnation of Qi and Blood prevents normal circulation, eventually forming accumulations over time.
When Cold lodges in the five Zang organs, it causes rebellious upward leakage of organ Qi. Yin Qi is exhausted, and Yang Qi fails to enter Yin. This results in sudden severe pain, death-like state, and unconsciousness. If Qi returns to its proper course, life is restored.
When Cold lodges in the stomach and intestines, it causes rebellious upward emission of Qi, resulting in pain accompanied by vomiting.
When Cold lodges in the intestines, the Small Intestine fails to properly gather and transform fluids and food, leading to diarrhea and abdominal pain.
If Heat lingers in the Small Intestine, it causes intestinal pain. Severe heat and dryness lead to thirst and parched conditions, resulting in hard, dry stool that cannot be expelled. This causes pain due to blockage and inability to pass stool.
Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) circulates within the vessels, while Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) circulates outside the vessels. The area outside the vessels refers to the network where Wei Qi distributes. Qi and Blood flow continuously in cycles. If Cold lodges here, its congealing nature causes meridian flow to slow down, preventing normal circulation.
The reason why Cold lodging outside the vessels leads to Blood deficiency is the lack of Yang Qi's transformative power. When Cold lodges inside the vessels, Ying Qi becomes blocked and obstructed, causing sudden pain.
Cold lodging outside the vessels causes contraction and cramping of the vessels, pulling on small collaterals, leading to sudden pain. Receiving heat dissipates the Cold, stopping the pain immediately. If re-struck by Cold, the pain persists difficultly.
Cold lodging within the meridians presses against Yang Qi, causing blood stasis and distension in the vessels, making pain intolerable to pressure. Due to lingering Cold and ascending Yang Qi, the vessels become enlarged and Qi/Blood chaotic, causing severe pain unyielding to pressure.
Cold lodging beneath the membrane sources of the stomach and intestines is not in the main meridians; thus, pressing disperses Qi and Blood, stopping the pain.
Cold lodging in the meridians flanking the spine is deeper than the level of Ying and Wei Qi, so pressing cannot reach it, and the pain does not change with pressure.
Qi of the Chong Mai ascends from the lower abdomen to the chest. When Cold lodges here, Qi closes and vessels obstruct, causing palpable pulsation upon pressure.
Cold lodging in the Back-Shu meridians makes blood vessels sluggish and causes Blood deficiency. Since these Shu points connect to the Heart, there is mutual pulling pain with the Heart. As Back-Shu points also relate to collateral networks, applying heat via pressing brings warmth, stopping the pain.
The Jueyin Meridian runs through the hypochondrium and lower abdomen. Cold lodging here causes sluggish Blood and tense vessels, leading to pain radiating from the hypochondrium to the lower abdomen.
Cold lodging in the inner thigh ascends to the lower abdomen, causing sluggish Blood. This results in abdominal pain radiating to the inner thighs.
Cold lodging in the membrane sources of the small intestine causes sluggish Blood in collaterals, preventing entry into major meridians. Stagnation leads to accumulation, and the pain is self-evident.
Cold lodging in the five Zang organs causes rebellious upward leakage of organ Qi and exhaustion of Yin. Yang cannot enter Yin to harmonize, causing sudden severe pain, coma, and apparent death. If rebellious Qi reverses and Yin-Yang harmonizes, recovery occurs.
Cold lodging in the stomach and intestines causes turbid obstruction in the Fu organs. Rebellious Qi rushes upward, causing pain and vomiting.
Cold lodging in the Small Intestine impairs its function as the "Official of Reception and Transformation," preventing the gathering and distribution of water and grain, leading to diarrhea and abdominal pain. All the above describe Cold-induced pain. Only one case describes Heat lingering in the Small Intestine, characterized by severe heat, thirst, parched condition, and hard, dry stool unable to pass. This pain is due to Heat-induced blockage and should be differentiated accordingly.
Huangdi asked: How can diagnosis be made through palpation?
Qibo replied: Observe the pulse associated with the primary disease. If the pulse is firm, shows signs of blood exposure, or is sunken/depressed, all these can be detected through palpation.
This passage discusses acupuncture treatment methods. Based on the symptoms described above, one identifies which meridian or collateral is diseased, identifying it as the primary disease pulse. By observing and palpating the pulse, if it feels firm with visible blood stasis or appears sunken, these indicate the location of the pathogen. These findings allow for appropriate treatment.