甘，微寒。去壳皮、革膜及油，亦有不去油微炒者。
药铺栝蒌、王瓜子混而一之，用宜仔细辨，其壳中子似柿核者即栝蒌也，如螳螂头者王
瓜也
即栝蒌根，甘、苦，微寒。秋冬采根去皮，切片，水浸三日，逐日换水，捣如泥，绢
澄粉，晒干用。枸杞为使，恶干姜，畏牛膝、干漆，反乌头。
甘、辛，平。去皮用。
干葛即葛根，非生根也，今俗取葛茎为干葛，误矣！
甘，平。七月采之。
甘、微苦，平。去心，酒拌蒸用。忌食鲤鱼，误食中毒者以浮萍汁解之，垣衣、地
贝母、为使，畏曾青。
苦、甘，微温。去心，酒浸，焙用。
甘、苦、涩，微温。用竹刀切，米泔浸一宿，木杵捣。一法用竹刀刮去黑皮，米泔
日，切片，每赤白各
一层，重重铺尽，砂
苓为使，忌萝卜、葱、蒜、诸血。无
今俗以KT 蒌当何首乌，非是。详载食物传信中。
苦、甘，平。削去上皮，切片，盐水拌炒，酒润，烘。薏苡为使，忌牛肉，畏葵根、
黄、柴胡、前胡、牡蛎。
甘，平，温。削去上皮用。
甘、淡，平。色白者良，削去皮用。忌茶茗及牛、羊、鸡、鹅、鱼、肉、烧酒、面
李濒湖曰∶萆 、菝 、土伏苓三物，形虽不同而主治之功不相远，岂亦一类数种乎！
甘、苦，平，微寒。代赭为使，反乌头。
苦，寒。
味甘，性微寒。需去除外壳、内膜及油脂，也有不去除油脂而轻微炒制的。
药铺中常将栝蒌与王瓜子混淆，使用时应仔细辨别：壳中的种子形状像柿子核的是栝蒌，形状像螳螂头的是王瓜。
即栝蒌根（天花粉），味甘、苦，性微寒。在秋冬季节采挖根部并去皮，切成片，用水浸泡三天，每天更换水，捣碎成泥状，用绢布过滤取粉，晒干后使用。以枸杞为引经药，畏干姜，害怕牛膝和干漆，反乌头。
味甘、辛，性平。需去除外皮使用。
干葛即葛根，不是葛的嫩芽（生根）。现在民间常把葛的茎当作干葛，这是错误的！
味甘，性平。七月采收。
味甘、微苦，性平。需去除心部，用酒拌匀后蒸制使用。忌食鲤鱼，误食中毒者可用浮萍汁解毒，以垣衣、地贝母为引经药，畏曾青。
味苦、甘，性微温。需去除心部，用酒浸泡，焙干后使用。
味甘、苦、涩，性微温。用竹刀切开，用米泔水浸泡一夜，用木杵捣碎。另一种方法是用竹刀刮去黑皮，用米泔水浸泡一天，切片，每层赤白相间，层层铺满，以砂苓为引经药，忌萝卜、葱、蒜及各类血制品。现在民间常把KT蒌当作何首乌，这是不对的。详见《食物传信》篇。
味苦、甘，性平。削去外层表皮，切片，用盐水拌匀炒制，再用酒润湿，烘干。以薏苡为引经药，忌牛肉，畏葵根、黄芩、柴胡、前胡、牡蛎。
味甘，性平、温。削去外层表皮使用。
味甘、淡，性平。颜色白的品质较好，削去外皮使用。忌茶茗以及牛、羊、鸡、鹅、鱼、肉、烧酒、面食。
李濒湖说：萆薢、菝葜、土茯苓这三味药，形状虽然不同，但主治功效不相上下，难道它们属于同一类的几种药物吗？
味苦，性寒。
Sweet, slightly cold. Remove the shell, inner membrane, and oil; some are lightly stir-fried without removing the oil.
In pharmacies, Trichosanthis Fructus (Gualou) and Solanum surattense seeds (Wangguazi) are often confused. Careful identification is required when using them. The seeds inside the shell resembling persimmon seeds are Trichosanthis Fructus (Gualou), while those resembling a mantis head are Solanum surattense seeds (Wangguazi).
This refers to Trichosanthis Radix (Tianguahua), sweet, bitter, slightly cold. Harvest the roots in autumn and winter, remove the skin, slice them, soak in water for three days changing the water daily, pound into a paste, filter through silk cloth to obtain starch, and dry in the sun for use. Used with Lycii Fructus (Gouqi) as an guiding herb; adverse interaction with Zingiberis Rhizoma Preparatum (Ganjiang); incompatible with Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix (Niuxi) and Drynariae Rhizoma cum Sanguine Draconis (Ganqi); contrary to Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Wutou).
Sweet, acrid, neutral. Remove the skin before use.
Gan Ge is Puerariae Lobatae Radix (Gegen), not the young shoot of Pueraria. Currently, it is a common mistake to take the stem of Pueraria as Gan Ge!
Sweet, neutral. Harvested in July.
Sweet, slightly bitter, neutral. Remove the core, mix with wine, steam, and use. Avoid eating carp; if poisoned by mistake, antidote with Spirodela Polyrrhiza juice (Fuping). Used with Parietis Periostracum (Yuanyi) and Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus (Dibeimu) as guiding herbs; incompatible with Azurite (Zengqing).
Bitter, sweet, slightly warm. Remove the core, soak in wine, and bake for use.
Sweet, bitter, astringent, slightly warm. Cut with a bamboo knife, soak in rice washing water overnight, and pound with a wooden pestle. Another method: scrape off the black skin with a bamboo knife, soak in rice washing water for one day, slice, layer red and white alternately, pack tightly, and use with Cinnabaris (Shaling) as a guiding herb. Avoid radish, scallion, garlic, and all blood products. Currently, people mistakenly use KT Gualou as Polygoni Multiflori Radix (Heshouwu), which is incorrect. See detailed records in "Food Transmission Letter".
Bitter, sweet, neutral. Peel off the outer skin, slice, stir-fry with salt water solution, moisten with wine, and dry. Used with Coicis Semen (Yiyi) as a guiding herb; avoid beef; incompatible with Hibisci Mutabilis Radix (Kuigen), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin), Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu), Peucedani Radix (Qianhu), and Ostrea Concha (Muli).
Sweet, neutral, warm. Peel off the outer skin and use.
Sweet, bland, neutral. Those with white color are of better quality. Peel off the skin and use. Avoid tea, as well as beef, mutton, chicken, goose, fish, meat, distilled liquor, and wheat flour products.
Li Binhu said: Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma (Bixie), Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma (Baqia), and Polyporus (Tufuling), although their shapes differ, their therapeutic effects are not far apart. Are they perhaps several species of the same category?
Sweet, bitter, neutral, slightly cold. Used with Haematitum (Daizhe) as a guiding herb; contrary to Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Wutou).
Bitter, cold.