辛，温。用头及胫骨色黄者佳，凡虎身数物俱用，雄虎者胜药。箭射死者，骨青不可
药，其毒浸渍骨血间，能伤人也。捶碎去髓，涂酥，或酒、或醋，各随方法，炭火炙黄入药
畏蜀漆、蜀椒、磁石。
酸、咸、苦，寒。入药用黑尖，生者为佳，若现成器物被蒸者不堪用。锯成小块，以
纸裹于怀中一宿，乘燥捣之，应手如粉。松脂、升麻为使，恶乌头、乌喙、雷丸、 菌，
盐、酱。
李濒湖曰∶犀角纹如鱼子形，谓之粟纹，纹中有眼，谓之粟眼，黑中有黄花者为正，透
黄中
犀纯黑无花者为下
苦，寒。市中多伪，通明者佳，但取一粟许滴水中若线不散，运转如飞者真，余胆亦
但缓耳。恶防己、地黄。
周密齐东野语云∶熊胆善辟尘，试之以净水，一器尘幕其上，投胆米许，则凝尘豁然而
开也
咸，寒。角细如人指，长四五寸，多节，蹙蹙圆绕，锉细，避风，捣筛，更研，万
飞尘，免刮人肠。菟丝子为使，能缩银。
陈藏器曰、山羊、山驴、羚羊三种相似，而羚羊有神，夜宿防患，以角挂树不着地，但
角弯
李濒湖曰∶羚羊似羊而青色，毛粗，两角短小， 羊似吴羊，两角长大，山驴驴之身而
羚之
甘、咸。温。先用酥涂匀，于烈火中灼之，候毛尽，微炙候黄褐色，研细入药，不可缺
酥，又有用酒炙及酒蒸焙用者，当各从本方，中有小白虫不可鼻嗅。
寇宗 曰∶茸最难得，不破及不出却血者，盖其力尽在血中故也，此以如紫茄者为上，
名茄
分岐马鞍，茸端如
存中笔谈云∶月令冬至麋角解，夏至鹿
【虎骨】
味辛，性温。使用头部及胫骨且颜色偏黄的为佳。虎身的各个部位均可入药，雄虎的优于雌虎。被箭射死的虎，其骨色青黑，不可入药，因为毒性已浸渍于骨血之间，会伤害人体。将骨头捶碎并去除骨髓，涂抹酥油，或用酒、醋浸泡，具体方法随处方而定，用炭火炙烤至黄色后入药。虎骨畏蜀漆、蜀椒、磁石。
【犀角】
味酸、咸、苦，性寒。入药选用黑色尖端的，新鲜的为佳。如果是现成的器物经过蒸煮处理的则不堪使用。将犀角锯成小块，用纸包裹放在怀中一夜，趁干燥时捣碎，应手即化为粉末。松脂、升麻作为辅佐药物（使药），忌与乌头、乌喙、雷丸、菌类、盐、酱同用。
李濒湖说：犀角的纹路像鱼子形状，称为“粟纹”，纹路中有眼孔，称为“粟眼”。黑色中带有黄花的是正品，纯黑无花纹的是下品。
【熊胆】
味苦，性寒。市面上假货很多，以通透者为佳。只需取少许滴入水中，若呈线状不散开，在水中运转如飞则为真品，其余的胆汁只是作用缓慢罢了。熊胆恶防己、地黄。
周密在《齐东野语》中说：熊胆善于驱除尘埃，用净水测试，在一个容器上蒙上一层灰尘，投入米粒大小的熊胆，则凝集的灰尘豁然散开。
【羚羊角】
味咸，性寒。角细如人手指，长四五寸，多节，紧密圆绕。锉成细末，注意避风，捣碎过筛，再研磨，以免飞扬的粉尘刮伤人的肠道。菟丝子作为辅佐药物（使药），能软化银器。
陈藏器说：山羊、山驴、羚羊三种相似，但羚羊有灵性，夜间宿息以防患，用角挂在树上而不着地，只有角弯曲……（原文此处似有缺漏）
李濒湖说：羚羊像羊但毛色青，毛粗，两角短小；山驴像吴地的羊，两角长大；山驴身体像驴而……（原文此处似有缺漏）
【鹿茸】
味甘、咸，性温。先用酥油涂匀，在烈火中灼烧，待毛全部脱落，微炙至黄褐色，研细后入药。不可缺少酥油，也有用酒炙及酒蒸焙使用的，应当各自遵循本方的要求。其中有小白虫，不可用鼻子嗅闻。
寇宗奭说：鹿茸最难得的是不破损且未流出血液的，因为它的药效全在血液中，所以以像紫茄子颜色的为上乘，名为茄茸……（原文此处似有缺漏）分岐马鞍形，茸端如……（原文此处似有缺漏）
沈括《笔谈》说：《月令》记载冬至麋角脱落，夏至鹿角脱落……（原文此处似有缺漏）
[Hu Gu (Tiger Bone)]
Pungent, warm. The best quality comes from the head and tibia bones that are yellowish in color. Various parts of the tiger's body can be used for medicine, with male tigers being superior to females. Tiger bones from those killed by arrows, which appear bluish-black, should not be used because the toxin has permeated the bone and blood, posing a danger to humans. Crush the bones, remove the marrow, apply su (animal fat), or soak in wine or vinegar according to specific methods, then roast over charcoal fire until yellow before use. Hu Gu is incompatible with Shu Qi (Euphorbia fischeriana root), Shu Jiao (Sichuan pepper), and Ci Shi (Magnetite).
[Xi Jiao (Rhinoceros Horn)]
Sour, salty, bitter, cold. For medicinal use, select the black tip; fresh material is preferred. Processed items made into finished vessels and steamed are unsuitable. Saw the horn into small pieces, wrap them in paper, keep them in one's bosom overnight, and then grind them while dry so they turn to powder easily. Song Zhi (Rosin) and Sheng Ma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma) serve as guiding herbs. It is adverse to Wu Tou (Aconiti Radix), Wu Hui (Aconiti Radix et Caulis), Lei Wan (Polyporus), fungi, salt, and soy sauce.
Li Binhu stated: The grain pattern of Xi Jiao resembles fish roe, called "Su Wen" (Millet Grain Pattern); if there are pores within the pattern, it is called "Su Yan" (Millet Pore). Black horns with yellow flowers are authentic, whereas pure black horns without patterns are inferior grade.
[Xiong Dan (Bear Bile)]
Bitter, cold. Counterfeit products are common in the market; transparent ones are preferred. To test authenticity, place a tiny amount in water; if it forms a thread-like line that does not disperse and moves swiftly, it is genuine. Other biles merely act slowly. Xiong Dan is adverse to Fang Ji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix) and Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix).
Zhou Mi wrote in *Qidong Yeyu*: Xiong Dan has the property of repelling dust. To test this, cover a vessel with clean water and dust; when a grain-sized piece of bile is dropped in, the accumulated dust clears away instantly.
[Ling Yang Jiao (Antelope Horn)]
Salty, cold. The horn is thin like a human finger, 4-5 cun long, with many nodes, tightly coiled and round. It should be finely chopped, protected from wind, crushed, sieved, and further ground to prevent flying dust from irritating the intestines. Tu Si Zi (Cuscutae Semen) serves as a guiding herb and can soften silver.
Chen Cangqi noted: Shan Yang (Wild Goat), Shan Lv (Wild Donkey/Onager), and Ling Yang (Antelope) are similar, but Ling Yang possesses spiritual awareness. At night, to guard against danger, it hangs its horn on trees so the horn does not touch the ground, with only the curved... [text incomplete].
Li Binhu stated: Ling Yang resembles a goat but is blue-green with coarse hair and short, small horns; Shan Lv resembles the Wu sheep with long, large horns; Shan Lv has the body of a donkey but... [text incomplete].
[Lu Rong (Deer Antler Velvet)]
Sweet, salty, warm. First, coat evenly with su, then scorch over a fierce fire until all hair falls off. Lightly roast until yellow-brown, then grind into fine powder for use. Su must not be omitted. Some methods use wine-roasting or wine-steaming and baking, following the specific prescription. There may be small white insects inside; do not smell them.
Kou Zongshi said: Lu Rong is hardest to obtain if it is unbroken and has not lost blood, as its efficacy lies entirely in the blood. Those resembling purple eggplants are considered superior, named Qie Rong... [text incomplete]. Branching like a saddle, the tip of the antler is like... [text incomplete].
Shen Kuo in *Bi Tan* wrote: According to the *Yueling*, Milue (Elk) sheds its antlers at Winter Solstice, and Lu (Deer) sheds its antlers at Summer Solstice... [text incomplete].