申斗垣曰∶席疮乃久病着床之人，挨擦磨破而成。上而背脊，下而尾闾，当用
马屁勃软衬，庶不致损而又损，昼夜呻吟也。病患但见席疮，死之征也。（《启玄》）
《心法》曰∶席疮乃大病后久而生眠疮也，乃皮肉先死，不治。
验方 马屁勃垫之。
又方 小麦麸绢装成垫褥，垫之。
又方 盖屋陈烂草，研细垫睡。
陈实功曰∶血箭乃心经火盛，逼血从
毛窍中出也。治以桃花散凉水调敷，或金墨涂搓自止；内宜凉心凉血。（《正宗》）
冯鲁瞻曰∶有毛窍中出血者，名曰肌衄。因阳气怫郁于内，不能敷扬于外，以
致阴血上乘阳分，留淫腠理，日久阳气开发，则阴血不能归经，故血从毛窍出也，宜
开郁清气凉血之剂。如相火内动而乘阴分，以致热血沸腾者，宜滋阴降火之剂。前人
主乎肺热，以肺主皮毛也，用男胎发烧灰扑之。有因大喜伤心，喜则气散，血随气
而溢于表者，宜凉心以敛之。（《锦囊》）
岐天师曰∶如有人足上忽毛孔标血如一线者，流之不止即死。急以米醋三升煮
滚热，以两足浸之即血止，后用人参一两，当归三两，穿山甲一片火炒研末，以参归
汤调服，即不再发。此乃酒色不禁，恣意纵欲所致，世上人多有之，方书未载。（《秘录》）
陈实功曰∶血痣乃肝经怒火郁结。其形初起色红如痣，渐大如豆，揩之血流，须
用冰蛳散枯去本痣，以珍珠散搽去生皮；内服解郁平肝之剂。如血出不止，过甚者，凉
血地黄汤主之。（《正宗》）
申斗垣说：席疮（褥疮）是由于长期患病卧床的人，身体部位与床铺摩擦破损而形成的。病变部位在背部脊柱和尾闾骨处，应当用马屁勃（一种植物，此处指其柔软部分）垫衬，这样才不会导致损伤加重，避免患者昼夜呻吟痛苦。病人只要出现席疮，就是死亡的征兆。（出自《启玄》）
《医宗心法》说：席疮是大病之后久卧导致的生疮，这是皮肉已经坏死的表现，属于不治之症。
验方：用马屁勃垫着患处。
又一方：用小麦麸皮装入绢袋做成垫褥，垫在患处。
又一方：用盖屋顶用的陈旧烂草，研成细末垫着睡觉。
陈实功说：血箭（皮肤血管破裂出血如箭射状）是因为心经火气旺盛，逼迫血液从毛孔中流出。治疗时用桃花散调凉水外敷，或者用金墨涂抹搓揉即可自止；内服宜用清心凉血的药物。（出自《外科正宗》）
冯鲁瞻说：有从毛孔中出血的，名叫肌衄（皮下出血）。这是因为阳气郁结在内，不能宣发于体表，导致阴血上乘阳分，滞留浸淫于腠理之间。日久阳气开发，阴血就不能回归经脉，所以血液从毛孔流出。适宜使用开郁、清气、凉血的药剂。如果是相火在内妄动而侵犯阴分，导致热血沸腾的，适宜使用滋阴降火的药剂。前人主张是肺热所致，因为肺主皮毛，所以用男胎发烧后的灰烬扑撒患处。也有因为大喜伤心，喜则气散，血液随着气机溢出于体表的，适宜用清心的方法以收敛气血。（出自《锦囊秘录》）
岐天师说：如果有人足部突然毛孔渗血如一线般，流个不停就会死亡。紧急时用三升米醋煮沸变热，将双脚浸泡其中即可止血，随后用人参一两，当归三两，穿山甲一片火炒后研成末，用人参当归汤送服，就不再复发。这是由于酒色无度，肆意纵欲所导致的，世上很多人都有这种情况，但医书未曾记载。（出自《秘录》）
陈实功说：血痣（血管瘤或血管痣）是由于肝经怒火郁结所致。其形状初起时颜色红如痣，逐渐变大如豆粒，擦拭时会有血流出来。必须用冰蛳散腐蚀去除本痣，再用珍珠散搽抹以去除新生表皮；内服解郁平肝的药剂。如果出血不止，情况严重的，以凉血地黄汤为主治方剂。（出自《外科正宗》）
Shen Douyuan stated: Xichuang (pressure ulcer) is formed when individuals who have been bedridden for a long time suffer from friction and abrasion against the bedding. The lesions occur on the dorsal spine and the sacrococcygeal region. One should use the soft parts of *Pilea cantoniensis* (Mapibobo) as padding to prevent further damage and alleviate the patient's groaning day and night. The appearance of Xichuang in a patient is a sign of impending death. (From *Qixuan*)
*Yizong Xinfa* states: Xichuang is a sore that develops after prolonged bed rest following a severe illness; it indicates that the skin and flesh have already necrosed, rendering it incurable.
Empirical Formula: Pad the affected area with *Pilea cantoniensis* (Mapibobo).
Another Formula: Fill a silk bag with wheat bran to make a cushion/pad, and place it under the affected area.
Another Formula: Grind old, rotten grass used for roofing into fine powder and use it as a sleeping pad.
Chen Shigong stated: Xuejian (arterial bleeding from pores resembling an arrow shot) occurs due to excessive fire in the Heart Meridian, forcing blood to exit through the hair follicles. Treatment involves applying Taohua San (Peach Blossom Powder) mixed with cool water externally, or rubbing gold ink onto the area to stop bleeding internally; internally, one should administer herbs to clear the Heart and cool the Blood. (From *Waike Zhengzong*)
Feng Luzhan stated: Bleeding from hair follicles is named Jinü (cutaneous purpura). This is caused by Yang Qi being constrained internally and unable to diffuse outward, leading to Yin Blood ascending to the Yang level and lingering in the interstices (Couli). After a long period, when Yang Qi opens up, the Yin Blood cannot return to its vessels, causing blood to leak from the follicles. It is appropriate to use formulas that resolve stagnation, clear Qi, and cool the Blood. If Minister Fire moves internally and attacks the Yin level, causing boiling Blood, formulas that nourish Yin and descend Fire are appropriate. Predecessors attributed this to Lung Heat, as the Lung governs the skin and hair, using ash from burned male fetal membranes applied topically. There are also cases caused by extreme joy damaging the Heart; since joy scatters Qi, blood overflows to the exterior following Qi. In such cases, clearing the Heart to astringe is appropriate. (From *Jinnang Milu*)
Tian Shi Qi stated: If someone suddenly experiences blood oozing from pores on the feet like a thin thread, continuous flow will lead to death. Urgently boil three sheng of rice vinegar until hot and immerse both feet to stop the bleeding. Subsequently, take one liang of Renshen (Ginseng), three liang of Danggui (Angelica Sinensis), and one slice of Shanjiapia (Pangolin Scale) stir-fried and powdered, mixed with Renshen-Danggui decoction. This prevents recurrence. This condition results from unrestrained indulgence in alcohol and sexual activity; many people suffer from it, but it is not recorded in medical texts. (From *Milu*)
Chen Shigong stated: Xuezhi (blood mole/hemangioma) is caused by the constraint of angry fire in the Liver Meridian. Initially, it appears red like a mole, gradually enlarging to the size of a bean; wiping it causes bleeding. One must use Bingsi San (Ice Snail Powder) to cauterize and remove the original mole, then apply Zhenzhu San (Pearl Powder) to remove the regenerated skin; internally, administer formulas that resolve stagnation and soothe the Liver. If bleeding does not stop and is severe, Liangxue Dihuang Tang (Cooling Blood and Rehmannia Decoction) is the primary treatment. (From *Waike Zhengzong*)