《鬼遗方》云∶百脉疽，肿起环围颈项疼痛，身体大热，不敢动止， 不能食。
此有大畏恐骇，上气咳嗽，其发引耳，不可以肿。十五日可刺导引，不导引见血，八十日必死。（《准绳》）
陈实功曰∶肩毒左肩为痈属肝，右肩为疽属肺。（《正宗）。）
胡公弼曰∶发肩乃肾与膀胱受证，气血凝滞，不得流行，结成痈疽，得脓为吉。（《青囊》）
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王肯堂曰∶肩疽此处，乃手足三阳交会之所，由风热郁结所致，或因负重损伤而作。（《准绳》）
《灵枢》云∶发于肩及 ，名曰 痈，其状赤黑，急治之，令人汗出至足，不害五脏；痈发四五日，逆KT 之。
《鬼遗方》云∶丁疽发两肩，恶血留结内外，荣卫不通，发成疔疽，五日肿大，令
人口噤寒战。十二日可刺；不治，二十日死。
陈氏曰∶干疽肿发，起两肩及两大臂连胛骨，二七日痛不息，亦不可动；五十
日身热不赤。六十日可刺；刺之无血者死。
薛立斋曰∶肩疽生于肩骨之上，乃肝脾二经积热，毒上冲肩井，始生多不知觉，
惟肩骨中酸痛，竟有六七个月，方现形影。既溃失治，五六载不能收功，甚至肩井骨
露则危矣。初起宜用艾灸。
《心法》曰∶肩中疽生肩正中，左右相同，属三焦胆二经，一名 痈。
又曰∶肩风毒生于肩稍 上骨尖处，属大肠肩 穴。由邪风深袭骨缝，与湿稽留，
化热而成。
又曰∶干疽生于肩前廉，左右皆同，属大肠经，一名疔疽。
《鬼遗方》记载：百脉疽，表现为肿胀环绕颈部，颈项疼痛，身体高热，不敢随意活动，无法进食。
如果伴有极度恐惧惊骇、气逆咳嗽，症状牵引至耳部，且肿胀严重不可消退。若在发病十五天内可进行针刺和导引治疗；若不进行导引而出现出血现象，八十日内必然死亡。（出自《医学准绳六要》）
陈实功说：肩部的毒疮，左侧肩部发为痈，归属于肝经；右侧肩部发为疽，归属于肺经。（出自《外科正宗》）
胡公弼说：发于肩部的疽证，是肾与膀胱经受邪所致，导致气血凝滞，不能正常运行，凝结而成痈疽，若能化脓排出则为吉兆。（出自《青囊秘传》）
王肯堂说：肩疽发生的部位，是手三阳经和足三阳经交汇的地方，由风热郁结引起，或者是因为负重损伤而发作。（出自《医学准绳六要》）
《灵枢》记载：发生在肩膀及腋下的痈，名叫“井痈”，其症状表现为皮肤红黑，必须紧急治疗，使患者出汗直至脚部，这样就不会伤害五脏；若痈发生四五天后，治疗方向错误则预后不良。
《鬼遗方》记载：丁疽发于双肩，恶血留结在体内内外，营卫之气不通畅，发展成疔疽，五天后肿大，使人牙关紧闭、寒战。十二天可以针刺；如果不治疗，二十天后死亡。
陈氏说：干疽肿胀发作，起于双肩及两大臂连接肩胛骨处，十四天后疼痛不止，也不可移动；五十天时身体发热但肤色不红。六十天可以针刺；如果针刺后不出血，则预示死亡。
薛立斋说：肩疽生于肩骨之上，是肝脾两经积热，毒气上冲至肩井穴，刚开始时大多没有知觉，只有肩骨中间酸痛，竟然经过六七个月，才显现出形状。一旦溃破后失治，五六年后伤口仍不能愈合，甚至肩井处的骨头暴露出来就危险了。初起时适宜用艾灸治疗。
《医宗心法》说：肩中疽生在肩膀正中，左右相同，归属于三焦经和胆经，又名“井痈”。
又说：肩风毒生于肩稍上方的骨尖处，归属于大肠经的肩髃穴。由邪风深入侵袭骨缝，与湿气稽留，化热而形成。
又说：干疽生于肩前侧，左右皆同，归属于大肠经，又名疔疽。
The *Guiyi Fang* states: Hundred-vessel carbuncle (Baimai Ju) presents with swelling encircling the neck, pain in the neck and nape, high fever of the body, inability to move or rest, and inability to eat.
If accompanied by extreme fear and alarm, upward rushing of Qi with coughing, symptoms radiating to the ears, and severe swelling that cannot be reduced. Acupuncture and Daoyin (guiding and pulling exercises) may be performed within fifteen days; if Daoyin is not practiced and bleeding occurs, death will inevitably happen within eighty days. (From *Zhunsheng*)
Chen Shigong stated: Toxic sores on the shoulder: left shoulder carbuncles belong to the Liver channel; right shoulder carbuncles belong to the Lung channel. (From *Zhengzong*)
Hu Gongbi stated: Carbuncles developing on the shoulder are syndromes involving the Kidney and Bladder channels, causing Qi and Blood stagnation and failure to circulate freely, condensing into carbuncles and boils. The emergence of pus indicates a favorable outcome. (From *Qingnang*)
Wang Kentang stated: This location for shoulder carbuncles is where the three Yang meridians of the hand and foot intersect. It is caused by the constraint of Wind-Heat, or arises from injury due to carrying heavy loads. (From *Zhunsheng*)
The *Ling Shu* states: A boil occurring on the shoulder and axilla is named Jing Bo (Well Carbuncle). Its appearance is red and black. It requires urgent treatment to induce sweating down to the feet; this will not harm the Five Zang organs. If the boil has existed for four or five days and is treated incorrectly (Ni), the prognosis is poor.
The *Guiyi Fang* states: Ding carbuncles develop on both shoulders. Evil blood remains and knots internally and externally, blocking the flow of Ying (Nutritive) and Wei (Defensive) Qi, developing into Ding carbuncles. After five days, swelling occurs, causing lockjaw and chills. Acupuncture can be performed on the twelfth day; without treatment, death occurs in twenty days.
Chen stated: Dry carbuncles present with swelling on both shoulders and the upper arms connecting to the scapula. Pain persists after fourteen days, and movement is restricted. At fifty days, there is body heat but no redness. Acupuncture can be performed at sixty days; if no blood flows upon needling, it indicates death.
Xue Lizhai stated: Shoulder carbuncles arise above the shoulder bone, resulting from accumulated heat in the Liver and Spleen channels, with toxicity rushing upward to the Jianjing acupoint. Initially, there is little sensation, only soreness and pain in the shoulder bone. It may take six or seven months before the lesion becomes visible. If neglected after ulceration, healing may take five or six years. If the bone at the Jianjing point becomes exposed, the condition is critical. Moxibustion is suitable for the initial stage.
The *Xinfa* states: Zhong carbuncles in the shoulder occur in the center of the shoulder, identical on both sides, belonging to the Sanjiao and Gallbladder channels, also known as Jing Bo.
It further states: Shoulder Wind-Toxin arises at the bony prominence slightly above the shoulder, belonging to the Dachang (Large Intestine) channel's Jianyu acupoint. It is caused by deep invasion of pathogenic Wind lodging in the bone fissures, lingering with Dampness, and transforming into Heat.
It further states: Dry carbuncles arise on the anterior aspect of the shoulder, identical on both sides, belonging to the Large Intestine channel, also known as Ding carbuncles.