程山龄曰∶凡治痈疽，口小脓多，则脓不出，或出而不尽，或薄脓可出，硬脓
难出，以致瘀不出而新不生，延绵难愈。法当烂开大口，俾瘀脓多出为善，其烂药，乌
金散最佳。瘀肉能去，不伤新肉，且不甚 痛，为至妙也；若有脓管，以棉纸捻裹
药入，频换数条，即化祛耳。亦有顽硬之极，非乌金膏所能去者，则用白降丹，或
化腐紫霞膏搽之，然终不及乌金膏为至稳。（《十法》）
李东垣曰∶夫疮疡生于外，皆由积热蕴于内。《内经》谓∶血热肉败，荣卫不行，
必将为脓，留于节腠，必将为败。盖疮疽脓烂之时，头小未破，疮口未开，或毒瓦斯
不出，疼痛难忍者，所以立追蚀脓之方法，使毒瓦斯外泄，而不内攻，恶肉易去，好肉
易生也。若其疮 之血出不止者，则未可 。当于疮上掺追蚀之药，待其熟，可
方，若其疮 之痛应心根者，亦不可强 之。误触其疮，其 痛必倍，变证不无，
不可不慎也。若疮疖脓成未破，于上薄皮剥起者，即当用破头代针之剂，安其上，以
膏贴之。脓出之后，用搜脓化毒之药，取效如神矣。（《十书》）
窦汉卿曰∶凡疮疡之起，疼痛固属于心火，久而阳气升上，蒸肉化而为脓。若
不三思，原其脓之有无，遽而开刀，则鲜血突出，脓从何来？致患者煎寒发热，日
夜疼痛，无法可止。必先将指头按患上，随手而起，四畔悉软，观其头聚，择尻神不
犯吉日，将刀头向上开之，方不致伤新肉。取出刀，再捻绵纸条润油度之，使脓水齐
会，半日扯出，则脓水易干，外贴膏药，四围敷药。（《全书》）
程山龄说：凡是治疗痈疽，如果疮口小但脓液多，那么脓液排不出来，或者排不干净；有些稀薄的脓液可以排出，但坚硬的脓液难以排出，导致瘀滞的脓液无法排出而新肉无法生长，病情拖延难以痊愈。治疗方法应当用腐蚀药物将疮口扩大，让瘀积的脓液大量排出为好。这种腐蚀药物中，乌金散是最好的。它能去除坏死组织而不损伤新肉，而且疼痛不明显，这是极其巧妙的；如果有脓管，可以用棉纸捻裹药粉送入，频繁更换几根，脓液就会化解排出。也有极其顽固坚硬的腐肉，不是乌金膏所能去除的，则使用白降丹，或用化腐紫霞膏涂抹，然而终究不如乌金膏最为稳妥。（出自《十法》）
李东垣说：疮疡生于体表，都是由体内积热蕴结所致。《内经》说：血热导致肌肉败坏，营卫之气运行不畅，必然化为脓液，停留在腠理之间，必然导致败坏。大概疮疽脓液腐烂之时，疮头小未破溃，疮口未打开，或者毒邪之气不能外出，疼痛难忍的时候，所以制定追蚀排脓的方法，使毒邪之气向外宣泄，而不向内攻陷，这样恶肉容易去除，好肉容易生长。如果疮口的血液不止地流出，那么暂时不可进行腐蚀排脓的操作。应当在疮上撒布追蚀的药物，等待其成熟，才可以操作；如果疮痛的部位牵连到心根（深层），也不可以强行腐蚀排脓。误触疮口，疼痛必定加倍，变证难免发生，不可以不谨慎。如果疮疖脓液形成但未破溃，表面薄皮隆起者，就应当使用破头代针的药剂，敷在上面，再用膏药贴住。脓液排出之后，使用搜脓化毒的药物，取得效果神速。（出自《十书》）
窦汉卿说：凡是疮疡的发生，疼痛固然归属于心火，时间久了阳气升发向上，蒸灼肌肉化为脓液。如果不深思熟虑，探究脓液的有无，就匆忙开刀，那么鲜血会突然涌出，脓液从何而来？致使患者寒战发热，日夜疼痛，没有办法停止。必须先将手指按压在患处，随手抬起，四周都柔软，观察疮头聚集之处，选择吉日，将刀头向上切开，才不会损伤新肉。取出刀后，再用棉纸条蘸油探入，使脓水汇聚，半天后拔出，那么脓水容易干燥，外部贴上膏药，四周敷药。（出自《全书》）
Cheng Shanling stated: In the treatment of carbuncles and sores, if the opening is small but there is abundant pus, the pus may not discharge or may not be completely discharged; some thin pus may discharge, but hard pus is difficult to discharge. This leads to stasis preventing the growth of new tissue, resulting in a lingering condition that is difficult to heal. The method should involve using caustic agents to enlarge the opening, allowing the stasis and pus to discharge abundantly, which is favorable. Among such caustic agents, Wu Jin San (Gold Black Powder) is the best. It can remove necrotic flesh without injuring new tissue and causes little pain, which is extremely ingenious; if there are sinus tracts, cotton paper twists coated with medicine can be inserted, replaced frequently with several strands, until the pus dissolves and discharges. There are also cases of extreme stubborn hardness where the pus cannot be removed by Wu Jin Gao (Gold Black Ointment); in such cases, Bai Jiang Dan (White Reduction Cinnabar) or Hua Fu Zi Xia Gao (Rot-Transforming Purple Cloud Ointment) can be applied for smearing. However, none compare to Wu Jin Gao as being the most stable and secure. (From *Shi Fa*)
Li Dongyuan stated: Sores and ulcers arising externally are all caused by accumulated heat harbored internally. *Neijing* states: Heat in the blood causes flesh to rot, and the functioning of Ying and Wei (Nutritive and Defensive Qi) ceases, inevitably leading to pus formation. Retained in the interstices, it inevitably leads to decay. Generally, when sores and carbuncles are in the stage of pus suppuration and rotting, if the head is small and unruptured, the sore opening is not open, or the toxic factors cannot exit, causing unbearable pain, methods for pursuing and eroding pus were established. This allows toxic factors to vent externally rather than attack internally, making evil flesh easy to remove and good flesh easy to grow. If blood from the sore flows incessantly, caustic erosion for pus discharge should not be performed immediately. Caustic drugs should be sprinkled on the sore, waiting for it to mature before proceeding. If the pain of the sore extends to the root of the heart (deep tissues), forced erosion should also not be attempted. Accidental contact with the sore will double the pain, and complications may arise; caution is essential. If a boil has formed pus but remains unruptured, and the superficial skin is raised, an agent for breaking the head and acting like a needle should be applied on top, covered with an ointment plaster. After the pus discharges, drugs for searching out pus and resolving toxins should be used, yielding miraculous effects. (From *Shi Shu*)
Dou Hanqing stated: The onset of any sore or ulcer involves pain, which fundamentally belongs to Heart Fire. Over time, Yang Qi ascends, steaming the flesh into pus. Without careful consideration to determine the presence or absence of pus, if one rashly performs surgery, fresh blood will gush out, and where would the pus come from? This causes the patient to suffer from alternating chills and fever, day and night pain, with no way to stop it. One must first press the affected area with fingers; upon lifting, if the surrounding areas are soft, and observing the gathering point of the head, one should select an auspicious day to incise upwards with the knife blade, ensuring new tissue is not injured. After removing the knife, a cotton strip moistened with oil should be inserted to gather the pus and fluid. After half a day, it is pulled out, allowing the pus and fluid to dry easily. An external plaster is then applied, and powder is spread around the perimeter. (From *Quan Shu*)