周文采曰∶经云∶虚者补之。凡痈疽已成，不分部位，但根脚散漫，顶不高尖，
气虚补气，血虚补血，加银花、甘草节、白芷、桂心等药，使顶自高尖，根窠收束，易
溃易脓，如已溃之后，脓血出多，则当峻补气血，庶易于收口也。
陈实功曰∶凡疮破已久，脓血多出，气血败坏，不能得愈者，十常八九，又因色
欲令疮腐，而多生歹肉存而不长新肉，以败肉滑而时出清水，亦有不得其治法，虽
数岁不能愈者，内宜服补中益气加托毒药外，以药水洗净，而桑条晒干，一头烧着
吹灭焰，以火在于疮口稍远灸之，勿令痛，亦不可太远，远则无益，灸令热而微痒为
妙。日灸数次，亦不为多，灸后少刻以长
肉生肌膏贴，方能取效神速也。（《正宗》）
陈实功曰∶凡脑疽发背阴证，初起不肿高，不 热，灸不疼，其病将来难治，必
致坏人。十日以前，用披针当顶插入，知痛处方止，随用蟾酥条插至孔底，每日二
条，膏盖三日后，加添插药。其根高肿作疼，外用神灯照法，助阴为阳，插照七日，
其疮裂缝流脓，至十三日其根自脱。如日多，根深蒂固，不能脱者，披针取之，内
用玉红膏，不脱者自脱，不敛者自敛，此法百人百活，再无不愈者哉。《（正宗》）
薛立斋曰∶夫疮疡之证，脓成者，当辨其生熟浅深；肉死者，当验其腐溃连脱。
丹溪云∶痈疽因积毒在脏腑，当先助胃壮气为主，使根本坚固，而行经活血佐之，令
其内消。余常治脉证虚弱者，用托里之药，则气血壮而肉不死，脉证实热者，用清热
之剂，则毒瓦斯退而肉自生。凡疮聚于筋骨之间，肌肉之内，因气血虚弱，用十全大
补汤壮其脾胃，则未成自散，已成自溃，又何死肉之有！若不大痛，或不痛，或不赤，
或内脓不溃，或外肉不腐，乃气血虚弱，宜用桑枝灸，及十全大补加姜桂，壮其阳气，
则四畔即消，疮头即腐，其毒自解，又何待于针割！若脾胃虚弱，饮食少思，用六
君倍加白术，壮其荣气，则肌肉受毒者自活，已死者自溃，已溃者自敛。若初起或
因克伐，或犯房事，以致色黯而不痛者，乃阳气脱陷，变为阴证，急用参附汤温补回阳，亦有可生。
窦汉卿曰∶凡取腐肉，先用猪蹄汤洗净，以去其垢，方见新旧之肉，看其果腐
烂者，用钩摘定，轻手徐徐忍臭气割之，切不可误伤新肉，以致鲜血淋漓，切勿急骤，
多加工夫，割取毕，上灵药，外用膏贴，明日如有末尽之腐，仍照法去之。（《全书》）
周文采说：医经中讲：“虚证应当用补法。”凡是痈疽已经形成，不分具体部位，只要疮根脚散漫、疮顶不高尖，气虚就补气，血虚就补血，加入金银花、甘草节、白芷、桂心等药物，使疮顶自然高尖，疮根收束，容易溃破排脓。如果已经溃破之后，脓血流出过多，则应当大力补益气血，这样才容易收口愈合。
陈实功说：凡是疮疡破溃已久，脓血大量流出，导致气血败坏，不能痊愈的，十有八九。又因为房事过度导致疮疡腐烂，生出恶肉留存而不长新肉，表现为败坏的肌肉滑腻且时常流出清水；也有因没有得到正确治疗方法，虽然经过数年也不能痊愈的。内服宜服用补中益气汤加入托毒药物，外用以药水洗净疮面，然后将桑条晒干，一头点燃吹灭火焰，将火靠近疮口稍远处进行艾灸，不要令患者感到疼痛，也不可离得太远，太远则没有益处，灸到局部发热且微痒为妙。每天灸数次，也不算多，灸后片刻贴上长肉生肌膏，才能取得神速的疗效。（《外科正宗》）
陈实功说：凡是脑疽、发背属于阴证的，初起时不肿高、不发热、艾灸也不痛，这种病将来难以治疗，必定会导致病人死亡。在发病十日以前，用披针从顶部插入，知道有痛感时就停止，随即用蟾酥条插入孔底，每天两条，用膏药覆盖三天后，增加插药。等到疮根高肿作痛时，外用神灯照法，助阴转为阳，插药并照射七天，疮口裂缝流脓，到第十三日疮根自然脱落。如果日子久了，根深蒂固不能脱落的，用披针取之，内用玉红膏，不脱落的自然会脱落，不收敛的自然会收敛，这种方法百人百活，再没有不痊愈的了。（《外科正宗》）
薛立斋说：疮疡的病症，脓液形成的，应当辨别其生熟、浅深；肌肉坏死的，应当检验其腐溃连脱的情况。丹溪说：痈疽是因为积毒在脏腑，应当先以助胃壮气为主，使根本坚固，而行经活血作为辅助，使其在内消散。我常治疗脉证虚弱者，使用托里透脓的药物，则气血强壮而肌肉不死；脉证实热者，使用清热剂，则毒瓦斯退去而肌肉自生。凡是疮疡聚于筋骨之间、肌肉之内，因气血虚弱，使用十全大补汤强壮脾胃，则未成形的疮疡自然消散，已成形的自然溃破，又有什么死肉呢！如果不甚疼痛，或不痛，或不红，或内部脓液不溃破，或外部肌肉不腐烂，这是气血虚弱，适宜用桑枝艾灸，以及十全大补汤加生姜、肉桂，强壮阳气，则四周即刻消退，疮头即刻腐烂，毒邪自然解除，又何须等待针割！如果脾胃虚弱，饮食少思，用六君子汤倍加白术，强壮营气，则受毒的肌肉自然存活，已坏死的自然溃破，已溃破的自然收敛。如果初起或因攻伐太过，或犯房事，以致颜色暗黯且不痛的，这是阳气脱陷，变为阴证，急用参附汤温补回阳，也有可以存活的。
窦汉卿说：凡是去除腐肉，先用猪蹄汤洗净，以去除污垢，才能看清新旧肌肉，看其果然腐烂的，用钩子摘定，轻手徐徐忍着臭气割除，切不可误伤新肉，以致鲜血淋漓，切勿急躁，多下功夫，割取完毕，上灵药，外用膏药贴敷，第二天如有未尽的腐肉，仍照此法去除。（《外科全书》）
Zhou Wencai stated: The classics say, "Deficiency patterns should be treated with tonification." Whenever a carbuncle or ulcer has formed, regardless of location, if the base is diffuse and the apex is not high and pointed, one should tonify Qi for Qi deficiency and nourish Blood for Blood deficiency. Add herbs such as *Jinyinhua* (Lonicerae Japonicae Flos), *Gancao Jie* (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma nodules), *Baizhi* (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), and *Guixin* (Cinnamomi Ramulus) to make the apex naturally rise and point, and the base contract, facilitating rupture and suppuration. If after rupture there is excessive discharge of pus and blood, one must vigorously tonify Qi and Blood so that the wound may heal easily.
Chen Shigong stated: In cases where a sore has been open for a long time with massive discharge of pus and blood, leading to deterioration of Qi and Blood, eight or nine out of ten will fail to heal. Furthermore, due to sexual indulgence causing the sore to rot, foul flesh remains while new flesh fails to grow; this presents as necrotic tissue that is slippery and frequently discharges clear fluid. There are also cases where, due to lack of correct treatment, healing does not occur even after several years. Internally, one should administer Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) added with drugs that expel toxins. Externally, wash the area with medicinal water, then take dried mulberry branches, ignite one end, blow out the flame, and moxa-burn near the wound (keeping it slightly distant so as not to cause pain, but not too far away which would be ineffective). The goal is to achieve warmth and slight itching. Moxa-burning several times a day is not excessive. After moxa-burning, apply Changrou Shengji Gao (Flesh-Growing and Tissue-Regenerating Ointment) shortly thereafter to achieve rapid efficacy. (*Waike Zhengzong*)
Chen Shigong stated: For brain carbuncles or back ulcers presenting as Yin patterns, characterized initially by no swelling elevation, no heat, and no pain upon moxa-burning, the disease is difficult to treat and will likely prove fatal. Within ten days of onset, insert a lancet from the top until pain is felt, then stop. Immediately insert Chan Su strips (Toad Venom Strips) to the bottom of the hole, two strips daily. Cover with ointment for three days, then add more insertion medication. When the base becomes swollen, elevated, and painful, use Shen Deng Zhao Fa (Divine Lamp Illumination Method) externally to transform Yin into Yang. Continue insertion and illumination for seven days; the sore will crack and discharge pus, and the base will naturally detach by the thirteenth day. If the condition persists and the root is firmly established preventing detachment, remove it with a lancet. Internally use Yuhong Gao (Jade Red Ointment); detached parts will separate, and non-healing parts will close. This method ensures success in all hundred cases, with no failures. (*Waike Zhengzong*)
Xue Lizhai stated: Regarding ulcer conditions, when pus has formed, one must distinguish between its maturity/immaturity and depth/shallowness; regarding necrotic flesh, one must verify its putrefaction and detachment. Danxi said: Carbuncles and ulcers arise from accumulated toxins in the Zang-Fu organs. One should primarily support the Stomach and strengthen Qi to solidify the root, using methods to promote circulation and resolve stasis as adjuvants to allow internal resolution. I often treat patients with weak pulse and symptoms using Tuoli drugs (interior-supporting and toxin-expelling agents), which strengthen Qi and Blood so flesh does not die. For patients with excess-heat pulses and symptoms, use Qingre agents (heat-clearing formulas) to retreat toxins so flesh regenerates naturally. Whenever sores gather between bones/tendons and within muscles due to Qi and Blood deficiency, use Shiquan Dabu Tang (Perfect Fourteen Tonifying Decoction) to strengthen Spleen and Stomach; thus, unformed sores will dissipate spontaneously, and formed sores will rupture spontaneously, leaving no necrotic flesh! If there is little pain, no pain, no redness, internal pus does not rupture, or external flesh does not rot, this indicates Qi and Blood deficiency. It is appropriate to use Sangzhi Moxibustion (Mulberry Branch Moxibustion) and Shiquan Dabu Tang plus Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) and Rougui (Cinnamon Bark) to strengthen Yang Qi; then the surrounding area will subside immediately, the sore head will rot, and toxins will resolve naturally, without needing needle cutting! If Spleen and Stomach are weak with poor appetite, use Liujunzi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction) with doubled Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) to strengthen Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi); then flesh affected by toxins will survive, necrotic flesh will rupture, and ruptured sores will close. If at the onset, due to excessive purgation or sexual activity, the color becomes dark and painless, this indicates collapse of Yang Qi transforming into a Yin pattern. Urgently use Shenfu Tang (Ginseng and Aconite Decoction) to warm, tonify, and restore Yang; survival is possible.
Dou Hanqing stated: To remove necrotic flesh, first wash with Zhuti Tang (Pig Trotter Decoction) to remove dirt, so that old and new flesh can be distinguished. Identify truly necrotic tissue, secure it with a hook, and gently and slowly cut it off enduring the odor. Do not mistakenly injure new flesh to cause bleeding. Do not rush; take care. After removal, apply Lingyao (Spiritual Medicine) and cover with an external plaster. If any necrotic flesh remains the next day, remove it according to the same method. (*Waike Quanshu*)