味甘寒。主咳逆，补中降气，不使上逆。寒热，除脾胃气虚，及有湿滞之寒热。烦
满，补脾之功。下赤白，质燥性寒，故能除湿热之疾。血闭症瘕，消湿热所滞之瘀积。大热
。热在阳明者必甚，此能除之。炼饵服之，不饥，其质类谷粉而补脾土，所以谓之粮而能充
饥也。轻身延年。补养后天之效。
禹余粮，色黄、质腻、味甘，乃得土气之精以生者也。故补益脾胃，除热燥湿之功为多。
凡
一病各有所因，治病者必审其因而治之，所谓求其本也。如同一寒热也，有外感之寒热，有
内伤之寒热，
有杂病之寒热，若禹余粮之所治，乃脾胃湿滞之寒热也。后人见本草有治寒热之语，遂以治
凡病之寒热，则非惟不效，而且有害。自宋以来，往往蹈此病，皆本草不讲之故耳。
味甘温。主心腹咳逆，甘能和中，重能降气。邪气，散风寒。补不足，补心血之不
足。
女子风寒在子宫，绝孕十年无子。子宫属冲脉、血海，风寒入于其中，他药所不能及，
紫石英色紫入血分，体重能下达，故能入于冲脉之底，风寒妨孕，温能散寒驱风也。久服温
中，轻身延年。补血纳气之功。
此以色为治，色紫则入心，心主血，故能补血。其降气而能入下焦，则质重之效也。
青石、赤石、黄石、白石、黑石脂等，味甘平。主黄胆，泄痢肠 ，脓血阴蚀，皆
湿气在太阴、阳明之病也。下血赤白，收涩之功。邪气，正气敛则邪气除。痈肿，疽痔，恶
疮
，头疡，疥瘙。此皆湿郁所生之毒。能除湿则诸病亦退。久服，补髓益气，肥健不饥，轻身
延年。敛精气而燥脾土，故有此效。五石脂各随五色补五脏。性治略同，而所补之脏各异。
石脂得金土杂气以成，故湿土之质，而有燥金之用。脾恶湿，燥能补之。然其质属土，
不至过燥，又得秋金敛藏之性，乃治湿之圣药也。
味甘，性寒。主治咳嗽气逆，能补益中焦并降气，防止气机上逆。治疗寒热往来，可消除因脾胃气虚及湿邪停滞引起的寒热。缓解烦闷胀满，这是补脾的功效。治疗下利赤白痢疾，因其质地干燥、性质寒凉，故能清除湿热之疾。治疗血闭和症瘕积聚，能消散因湿热停滞导致的瘀血积块。治疗大热，阳明经的热证必然严重，此药能清除这种热邪。经过炼制后服用，使人不感到饥饿，因为其质地类似谷粉且能补益脾土，所以被称为“粮”并能充饥。使身体轻健，延长寿命，这是补养后天之本的功效。
禹余粮，颜色黄、质地细腻、味道甘甜，是汲取了土气的精华而生长形成的。因此，它在补益脾胃、清除热邪、燥湿方面的功效较多。凡是疾病各有其病因，治病的人必须审察病因然后进行治疗，这就是所谓的寻求疾病的根本。同样是寒热症状，有外感引起的寒热，有内伤引起的寒热，有杂病引起的寒热，而禹余粮所治疗的，乃是脾胃湿邪停滞引起的寒热。后人看到本草书中说它能治寒热，就把它用来治疗各种疾病引起的寒热，这不仅无效，而且有害。自宋代以来，人们往往犯这个错误，这都是因为对本草学理解不透彻的缘故。
味甘，性温。主治心腹部的咳嗽气逆，甘味能调和其中焦，质重能降气。驱散邪气，能疏散风寒。补益不足，补益心血的不足。治疗女子子宫受风寒侵袭，导致十年不孕的情况。子宫属于冲脉和血海，风寒侵入其中，其他药物无法到达，紫石英颜色紫红入血分，体重能下达，所以能进入冲脉的深处，风寒妨碍受孕，其温性能散寒驱风。长期服用能温中，使身体轻健，延长寿命，这是补血纳气的功效。
这里是以颜色来作为治疗依据，颜色紫则入心，心主血，所以能补血。其降气并能进入下焦，这是质地重的效果。
青石脂、赤石脂、黄石脂、白石脂、黑石脂等，味道甘甜，性平。主治黄疸，泄泻痢疾伴有肠鸣，脓血便，阴部蚀疮，这些都是湿气在太阴经和阳明经引发的疾病。治疗下血赤白，具有收敛固涩的功效。驱散邪气，正气收敛则邪气自然消除。治疗痈肿、疽、痔、恶疮、头疡、疥癣瘙痒，这些都是湿气郁结所产生的毒邪。能够清除湿气，那么这些疾病也会消退。长期服用，能补髓益气，使身体丰满健壮而不饥饿，身体轻健，延长寿命，这是收敛精气并燥化脾土的效果。五石脂各自随着五种颜色补益对应的五脏。药性和治疗作用大致相同，但所补益的脏腑各不相同。石脂得金气和土气混杂而成，所以具有湿土的质地，却有燥金的功用。脾脏厌恶湿气，燥性能补益脾脏。然而其质地属土，不至于过于燥烈，又得到秋季金气敛藏的特性，是治疗湿邪的圣药。
Sweet in taste, cold in nature. It primarily treats cough and rebellious qi (cough with upward rushing of qi), tonifies the middle jiao (middle burner) and directs qi downward, preventing it from rebelling upward. It treats alternating chills and fever, eliminating chills and fever caused by deficiency of spleen and stomach qi and stagnation of dampness. It relieves vexation and fullness, which is the effect of tonifying the spleen. It treats dysentery with red and white discharge; due to its dry texture and cold nature, it can eliminate diseases of damp-heat. It treats blood obstruction and masses (fixed abdominal lumps), dissipating stasis accumulation caused by damp-heat stagnation. It treats high fever; heat in the Yangming channel is necessarily severe, and this herb can eliminate it. When refined and taken as food, it prevents hunger; its texture resembles grain flour and it tonifies the spleen earth, hence it is called "grain" and can satisfy hunger. It makes the body light and prolongs life, which is the effect of nourishing the post-heaven foundation.
Yu Yu Liang (Hematitum), being yellow in color, fine in texture, and sweet in taste, is born by absorbing the essence of Earth Qi. Therefore, its effects in tonifying the spleen and stomach, clearing heat, and drying dampness are prominent. Every disease has its specific cause; a healer must examine the cause before treating, which is called seeking the root. Although both present with chills and fever, there are chills and fever from external contraction, from internal injury, and from miscellaneous diseases. The chills and fever treated by Yu Yu Liang are specifically those caused by damp-stagnation in the spleen and stomach. Later generations, seeing statements in Materia Medica about treating chills and fever, used it for chills and fever from any cause. This not only fails to be effective but also causes harm. Since the Song Dynasty, people have often fallen into this error, which is due to a lack of thorough understanding of Materia Medica.
Sweet in taste, warm in nature. It primarily treats cough and rebellious qi in the heart and abdomen; sweetness can harmonize the middle, and heaviness can direct qi downward. It disperses pathogenic factors, specifically scattering wind-cold. It tonifies insufficiency, specifically tonifying insufficiency of heart blood. It treats women whose uterus is invaded by wind-cold, resulting in infertility for ten years. The uterus belongs to the Chong vessel and the Sea of Blood; when wind-cold enters it, other herbs cannot reach it. Zi Shi Ying (Fluorite) is purple in color and enters the blood level; its heavy weight allows it to descend, so it can enter the depths of the Chong vessel. Wind-cold hinders conception; its warming property can scatter cold and drive away wind. Long-term use warms the middle, makes the body light, and prolongs life, which is the effect of tonifying blood and grasping qi.
Here, treatment is based on color; purple color enters the Heart, and the Heart governs blood, so it can tonify blood. Its ability to direct qi downward and enter the lower jiao is the effect of its heavy substance.
Qing Shi Zhi (Blue Clay), Chi Shi Zhi (Red Clay), Huang Shi Zhi (Yellow Clay), Bai Shi Zhi (White Clay), Hei Shi Zhi (Black Clay), etc., are sweet in taste and neutral in nature. They primarily treat jaundice, diarrhea and dysentery with intestinal rumbling, pus and blood in stools, and erosive sores of the yin organs. These are all diseases of dampness affecting the Taiyin and Yangming channels. They treat bloody and purulent discharge, utilizing their astringent properties. They disperse pathogenic factors; when righteous qi is consolidated, pathogenic factors are eliminated. They treat carbuncles, ulcers, hemorrhoids, malignant sores, scalp sores, and scabies/itching. These are all toxins generated by dampness stagnation. By removing dampness, these diseases recede. Long-term use tonifies marrow and benefits qi, making the body plump and strong without hunger, lightening the body and prolonging life. This is the effect of consolidating essence and qi and drying spleen earth. Each of the Five Stone Clays tonifies the corresponding five zang organs according to their five colors. Their properties and treatments are roughly similar, but the organs they tonify differ. Stone clay is formed by mixing Metal and Earth energies; thus, it has the texture of damp earth but the function of dry metal. The Spleen dislikes dampness, and dryness can tonify it. However, since its substance belongs to Earth, it does not become excessively drying, and it possesses the autumn Metal quality of gathering and storing, making it a supreme medicine for treating dampness.