味苦温。主咳逆上气。胸中寒热结气。去蛊毒。痿 。安五脏。生山谷。
有菀其特。上气夷瘳。紫深节润。白贲毛柔。山疏春暮。水注东流。羊须练色。漫易牵
牛。
诗。有菀其特。灵枢经曰。风寒舍于肺。发咳上气。诗。靡有夷瘳。日华子曰。根作节
紫色
。润软为佳。陶弘景曰。本有白毛。根甚柔细。名医曰。三月采根。阴干。雷 论曰。凡使
用东流水洗净。有白如练色者名羊须草。自然不同。孟子。以羊易之。李时珍曰。一名夜牵
牛。
味苦寒。主心腹邪气。五疸。补中益气。利九窍。通水道。一名紫丹。一名紫芙。生
山谷。
黄白青沙。紫根密拥。利野兴锄。春耕分垄。色耀花前。坚凭石重。几见雅衔。兰香嘉
种。
群芳谱。紫草宜黄白软良之地。及青沙地。秋耕深细。至春又转耕之。逐垄下子。李时
珍曰
。此草花紫根紫。未花时采根。色鲜明。以石压扁曝干。 呼为雅衔草。苏恭曰。苗似兰
香。
味苦平。主暴热火创。赤气疥搔。疽痔。马鞍热气。一名鹿肠。生川谷。
丛生冈岭。败味含嘉。浅深菘叶。碎簇芹花。酸咸并具。甘苦交加。谓鹿呼马。命意纷
拿。
苏恭曰。此药多生冈岭间。陶弘景曰。根作陈败豆酱气故名。李时珍曰。初时叶布地似
菘菜
。
叶绿色面深背浅。顶开白花成簇如芹花。根味微苦带甘。日华子曰。味酸。名医曰。咸微寒
。一名鹿首。又名马草。史记纪。赵高谓鹿为马。庄子。呼我马也。而谓之马。朱子书。辩
说纷拿。
【紫菀】
味道苦，性温。主治咳嗽气逆。胸中寒热郁结之气。去除蛊毒。治疗痿证。安定五脏。生长在山谷中。
（诗赞）紫菀草木茂盛独特，上气之症得以平复痊愈。紫色深沉，节间滋润；白色如素绢，毛发柔嫩。山势疏朗正值春末，水流向东奔流不息。羊须草色泽洁白如练，漫易牵牛之名由此而来。
（注释）《诗经》云：“有菀其特。”《灵枢经》说：风寒停留于肺，引发咳嗽和气逆。《诗经》又说：“靡有夷瘳”（没有轻易痊愈）。日华子说：根部呈节状紫色，以润软者为佳。陶弘景说：原本有白色绒毛，根部非常柔细。名医说：三月采集根部，阴干。雷斅在《雷公炮炙论》中说：凡使用东流水洗净，有白色如练色者名为羊须草，自然有所不同。《孟子》中有“以羊易之”的典故。李时珍说：一名夜牵牛。
【紫草】
味道苦，性寒。主治心腹邪气。五种黄疸。补益中气益气。通利九窍。疏通水道。又名紫丹。又名紫芙。生长在山谷中。
（诗赞）黄、白、青、沙地适宜种植，紫根紧密拥簇。利于野外兴起锄耕，春耕时分垄播种。花色闪耀在花前，坚实依靠石头压重。几次见到雅衔草，兰花香气嘉美品种。
（注释）《群芳谱》说：紫草适宜生长在黄白软良之地及青沙地。秋耕要深细，到春天又翻耕，逐垄下种。李时珍说：这种草花紫根紫，未开花时采集根部，颜色鲜明，用石头压扁后曝晒干燥，被称为雅衔草。苏恭说：苗叶像兰花香。
【败酱】
味道苦，性平。主治暴热火创。赤气疥疮瘙痒。疽痔。马鞍热气。又名鹿肠。生长在川谷中。
（诗赞）丛生在冈岭之间，败酱气味含有嘉香。深浅不一的菘菜叶，碎聚如芹花。酸咸并具，甘苦交加。谓鹿呼马，命名之意纷拿杂乱。
（注释）苏恭说：此药多生长在冈岭间。陶弘景说：根部有陈败豆酱的气味，因此得名。李时珍说：初生时叶子铺在地上像菘菜，叶绿色面深背浅，顶端开白花成簇如芹花，根部味道微苦带甘。日华子说：味酸。名医说：咸微寒。又名鹿首。又名马草。《史记》记载：赵高指鹿为马。《庄子》说：叫我马也，而称之为马。朱子的书信中辩说纷拿。
[Ziwan (Asteris Radix)]
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Warm. Indications: Cough and rebellious Qi (Ke Ni Shang Qi). Cold-heat knotted Qi in the chest. Expels Gu toxin (parasitic disease/toxicity). Treats Wei syndrome (flaccidity syndrome). Calms the Zang organs. Habitat: Grows in mountains and valleys.
(Poem) The Aster plant is lush and unique; the rebellious Qi is pacified and healed. Its purple hue is deep, its nodes moist; white as plain silk, its hairs are soft. Mountains are sparse in late spring; water flows eastward. The "Sheep Beard Grass" has a color white as boiled silk; the name "Man Yi Qian Niu" (Easy-to-pull Cowherb) derives from this.
(Annotations) The *Classic of Poetry* states: "You wan qi te." (*Ling Shu* / Spiritual Pivot) says: Wind-cold lodges in the Lung, causing cough and rebellious Qi. The *Classic of Poetry* also states: "Mi you yi chou" (not easily cured). Ri Huazi says: The root has segmented purple coloration; those that are moist and soft are superior. Tao Hongjing says: It originally has white hairs; the root is very soft and fine. Famous Physicians say: Harvest the root in March, dry in shade. Lei Xiao in *Lei Gong Pao Zhi Lun* says: When used, wash with flowing water from the east; those that are white as boiled silk are named Yang Xu Cao (Sheep Beard Grass), which differs naturally. *Mencius* contains the allusion "Exchange sheep for it." Li Shizhen says: Also known as Ye Qian Niu.
[Zicao (Arnebiae Radix et Rhizoma)]
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Cold. Indications: Evil Qi in the heart and abdomen. Five types of Jaundice (Wu Dan). Tonifies the Middle and benefits Qi. Opens the Nine Orifices. Promotes water passages. Aliases: Zi Dan, Zi Fu. Habitat: Grows in mountains and valleys.
(Poem) Yellow, white, green, and sandy soils are suitable; purple roots cluster densely. Beneficial for wild cultivation and hoeing; spring plowing divides the ridges. Color shines before flowers; firmness relies on stone weight. Often seen as Ya Xian Cao (Elegant Grasping Herb), a fragrant orchid-like variety.
(Annotations) *Qun Fang Pu* states: Arnebia is suitable for yellow-white soft fertile land and green sandy soil. Autumn plowing should be deep and fine; turn the soil again in spring. Sow seeds along the ridges. Li Shizhen says: This herb has purple flowers and purple roots. Harvest the root before flowering; the color is bright. Press flat with stones and sun-dry. Called Ya Xian Cao. Su Gong says: The seedling resembles the scent of orchids.
[Baijiang (Patriniae Herba)]
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Neutral. Indications: Sudden fire-heat wounds. Red Qi, scabies, and itching. Abscesses and hemorrhoids. Heat from saddle horses. Alias: Lu Chang. Habitat: Grows in rivers and valleys.
(Poem) Clusters grow on hills and ridges; Baijiang's taste contains pleasant fragrance. Deep and shallow Brassica leaves; fragmented clusters like Celery flowers. Sour and salty coexist; sweet and bitter intermingle. Calling deer a horse; the intent of naming is chaotic and complex.
(Annotations) Su Gong says: This medicine mostly grows between hills and ridges. Tao Hongjing says: The root has the smell of aged fermented bean paste, hence the name. Li Shizhen says: Initially, the leaves spread on the ground resembling Brassica vegetables. The leaf surface is dark green, the back is light. At the top, white flowers bloom in clusters like celery flowers. The root tastes slightly bitter with sweetness. Ri Huazi says: Taste is sour. Famous Physicians say: Salty and slightly cold. Also known as Lu Shou. Also known as Ma Cao. *Records of the Grand Historian* records: Zhao Gao pointed at a deer and called it a horse. *Zhuangzi* says: Call me horse, and call it a horse. Zhu Xi's letters contain debates that are chaotic and complex.