味苦寒。主寒湿风痹。黄胆。补中。生川谷。
茹芦在阪。蔓引山龙。刺含寸节。筋束方空。别尊染绛。分剂留红。用祈多积。千户侯
封。
尔雅注。茹芦芽搜今之茜也。诗疏。茹芦。徐州人谓之牛蔓。朱震亨曰。一名过山龙。
李时
珍曰。十二月生苗。蔓延数尺。方茎中空有筋。外有细刺。数寸一节。白虎通德论。可以染
绛。别尊卑也。晋书传。华佗心解分剂。埤雅。麈尾留红。韩保升曰。根紫赤色。礼。不祈
多积。史记传。千亩卮茜。其人与千户侯等。
味苦平。主骨节热。胫重酸疼。久服令人身轻。一名飞轻。生川泽。
取象神禽。飞走名伙。箭羽轻扬。绵茸旁裹。叶刻残棱。毛浮碎颗。顿洗清凉。百骸安
妥。
李时珍曰。飞廉神禽之名。能致风气。名医曰。一名飞雉。一名伏兔。一名伏猪。陶弘
景曰
。茎轻有皮似箭羽。叶多刻缺。梦溪笔谈。根如牛蒡而绵。头有白茸。韩保升曰。花紫色子
毛白。苏轼诗。清凉洗烦煎。
味酸温。主益气。咳逆上气。劳伤羸瘦。补不足。强阴益男子精。生山谷。
含春缔架。引蔓抽茎。莲华貌似。豌豆实成。味殊口爽。济自心平。品珍北产。白扑霜
轻。
梁简文帝赋。草含春而动色。卢鸿一歌。资人力之缔架。苏颂曰。春初生苗。引赤蔓于
高木
。三四月开花类莲华。七月成实如豌豆许大。道德经。五味令人口爽。左传。先王之济五味
。以平其心。李时珍曰。北产者良。雷 论。小伙皮皱。泡有白扑盐霜一重为真。
【茜根】
味苦，性寒。主治寒湿引起的风痹证、黄疸。能补益中气。生长于山川河谷之中。
茜草的芦根生长在坡岸之上，藤蔓牵引着像山龙一样蔓延。茎节上带有细小的刺，每一节长约一寸；茎干内部有筋络支撑，呈方形且中空。它可以用来提取深红色的染料，区分尊卑等级，染色后留下红色痕迹。人们祈求它能大量积累，其经济价值堪比千户侯的封地。
《尔雅》注释说：茹芦（茜草）的嫩芽就是现在的茜草。《诗经》疏注说：茹芦在徐州被称为“牛蔓”。朱震亨说：它还有一个名字叫“过山龙”。李时珍说：十二月长出苗茎，蔓延数尺远，茎方形中空且有筋络，外部有细刺，每节长数寸。《白虎通德论》记载：可以用它来染成绛红色，以区别尊卑身份。《晋书》传记中提到华佗精通药物分剂的处理。《埤雅》提到麈尾上的红色残留物。韩保升说：根部呈紫赤色。《礼记》中有不祈求过多积聚的说法。《史记》传记记载：种植千亩茜草的人，其财富与拥有千户侯封地的人相当。
【飞廉】
味苦，性平。主治骨节发热、小腿沉重酸痛。长期服用使人身体轻盈。又名“飞轻”。生长于山川沼泽地带。
它的形态取自神鸟，飞翔行走名为“伙”（众多）。箭羽般轻盈飞扬，周围包裹着绵软的绒毛。叶片边缘刻有残缺的棱角，表面浮动着细碎的颗粒。用冷水冲洗顿感清凉，使全身骨骼关节安适稳妥。
李时珍说：“飞廉”是神禽的名字，能够招致风气。《名医别录》说：又名“飞雉”，又名“伏兔”，又名“伏猪”。陶弘景说：茎秆轻盈，外皮似箭羽，叶片多有刻缺。《梦溪笔谈》记载：根部像牛蒡但覆盖着绵毛，头部有白色茸毛。韩保升说：花紫色，种子带白色绒毛。苏轼的诗作写道：“清凉洗烦煎”。
【五味子】
味酸，性温。主治益气、咳嗽气逆、劳伤导致的消瘦虚弱。能补益不足，强壮阴精，增益男子精气。生长于山谷之中。
春天搭建支架，牵引藤蔓抽出茎叶。花朵形状类似莲花，果实长成如豌豆大小。味道独特爽口，能使心火平息。品质珍贵者产于北方，表面白霜轻薄。
梁简文帝的赋文说：草木含着春意而展现生机。卢鸿一的歌谣说：借助人力搭建支架。苏颂说：春初生出苗茎，牵引赤色的藤蔓攀附在高大的树木上。三四月开花，形状类同莲花；七月结果实，大小如豌豆。《道德经》说：五味使得人口舌灵敏（或指味觉敏锐）。《左传》记载：先王调和五味，以使内心平和。李时珍说：产于北方的品质优良。雷斅的《雷公炮炙论》说：小粒且皮皱，泡开后有一层白色盐霜的是真品。
[Qian Gen (Rubia Root)]
Bitter, cold. Primarily treats wind-bi syndrome caused by cold-dampness and jaundice. Tonifies the Middle Jiao (Middle Burner). Grows in mountains, rivers, and valleys.
The rhizome of Qiancao grows on slopes, with vines extending like a mountain dragon. The stem nodes contain fine thorns, each node about one cun long; the stem is square-shaped, hollow inside, and reinforced with fibrous bundles. It can be used to dye deep red, distinguishing social hierarchy, leaving a red residue after use. People pray for its abundant accumulation, as its economic value rivals that of a Marquis of a thousand households.
The commentary of *Erya* states: "Rulu" (the tender shoots of Rubia) is what is now known as Qiancao. The sub-commentary of *Shijing* (Classic of Poetry) states: In Xuzhou, Rulu is called "Niuman" (Cow Vine). Zhu Zhenheng stated: Another name is "Guoshanlong" (Mountain-Crossing Dragon). Li Shizhen stated: Seedlings emerge in the twelfth lunar month, spreading several feet. The stem is square, hollow internally with fibers, and has fine external thorns, with nodes measuring several cun in length. *Baihu Tongde Lun* records: It can be used to dye crimson red to distinguish status. Biographies in *Jinshu* mention Hua Tuo's expertise in drug dosage preparation. *Piya* mentions red residues on duster tails. Han Baosheng stated: The root is purple-red. The *Liji* (Book of Rites) contains the concept of not praying for excessive accumulation. Biographies in *Shiji* record: A person cultivating a thousand mu of Qiancao possesses wealth equivalent to a Marquis of a thousand households.
[Feilian (Arctium Lappa / Burdock)]
Bitter, neutral. Primarily treats heat in bone joints, heaviness, and soreness in the lower legs. Long-term consumption makes the body feel light. Also known as "Feiqing". Grows in mountains, rivers, and marshes.
Its form is modeled after divine birds; flying and walking are described as "Huo" (numerous). Lightly fluttering like arrow feathers, surrounded by soft cotton-like down. Leaf edges are carved with irregular notches, with floating granular textures. Washing it suddenly brings a cooling sensation, bringing comfort and stability to all bones and joints.
Li Shizhen stated: "Feilian" is the name of a divine bird, capable of attracting wind and qi. *Mingyi Bielu* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica) states: Also known as "Feizhi" (Flying Pheasant), "Futu" (Crouching Rabbit), and "Fuzhu" (Crouching Pig). Tao Hongjing stated: The stem is light with skin resembling arrow feathers; leaves have many notches. *Mengxi Bitan* records: The root resembles Arctii Fructus (Niubangzi) but is covered in cotton-like fuzz, with white down at the head. Han Baosheng stated: Flowers are purple, seeds have white down. Su Shi's poem writes: "Cooling wash removes vexation."
[Wuweizi (Schisandra Berry)]
Sour, warm. Primarily benefits Qi, treats cough and rebellious Qi, emaciation and weakness due to labor injury. Tonifies deficiencies, strengthens Yin, and benefits male essence. Grows in mountains and valleys.
In spring, trellises are built; vines extend and stems sprout. Flowers resemble lotus blossoms; fruits develop like peas. The unique taste refreshes the mouth, helping to calm the Heart Fire. High-quality varieties are produced in the north, with a light white frost on the surface.
The Fu of Emperor Jianwen of Liang states: Grass holds the color of spring. Song of Lu Hongyi states: Relying on human effort to build trellises. Su Song stated: Seedlings emerge in early spring, drawing red vines onto tall trees. Flowers bloom in the third and fourth months, resembling lotuses; fruits mature in the seventh month, the size of peas. *Daodejing* states: Five flavors make the mouth sensitive. *Zuo Zhuan* records: The former kings harmonized the five flavors to pacify the mind. Li Shizhen stated: Northern varieties are superior. *Leigong Paosha Lun* (Lei Gong's Treatise on Processing) states: Small grains with wrinkled skin, which produce a layer of white salt-like frost when soaked, are authentic.