味苦平。主风湿寒热。邪气热结黄胆。久服轻身。益气耐老。生邱陵阪岸上。
生生不息。陈陈相因。冬藏根蛰。春度萌伸。叶觅八角。饼荐三晨。 蠲黄湿。耳食仙
。
易。生生之谓易。礼。流而不息。汉书志。陈陈相因。陈藏器曰。此虽蒿类。经冬不死。
更
因旧苗而生。故名茵陈。雷 论。凡使须用叶有八角者。李时珍曰。淮扬人二月三日采茵陈
苗和粉作饼食之。史记年表。此与以耳食无异。名医曰。白兔食之仙。
味辛微温。主胸隔。下逆气。温中。风入脑户。头痛多涕泪出。久服益精。明目轻身
。一名杜衡。生川泽。
葵状蘼馨。烟霏露 。幽 崇冈。素英绿叶。香逐马蹄。形猜鸭 。悦茂兹荣。金芝邻
接。
山海经。天帝之山有草焉。状如葵。臭如蘼芜。名曰杜衡。杜甫诗。露 思藤架。烟霏
想柱
丛。嵇康序。仰眺崇冈。俯察幽 。刘圻父诗。素英绿叶纷可喜。尔雅疏。杜土卤形如马蹄
。俗呼马蹄香。雷 论。鸭蹀草根相似。味效不同。谢 赋。览兹荣之茂悦。厕金芝于芳丛
。名医曰。一名若芝。杜甫诗。邻接意如何。
味苦微寒。主血积惊气。除寒热。补中益肺气。久服利人。一名知母。生川谷。
文希志取。美识参形。尖长排齿。紫白悬铃。乳流 液。肺沃神醒。孕金伏火。风扇泠泠。
名医曰。一名文希。一名志取。一名识美。陶弘景曰。与人参主疗颇同。故有参名。李
时珍
曰。叶尖长如枸杞叶而小。有细齿。开小紫花。状如铃铎。亦有白花者。根茎皆有白汁。俗
名羊婆奶。束晰赋。 液濡泽。李咸用歌。风摇两拂精神醒。牛宏歌。孕金成德。李颀诗。
心穷伏火阳精丹。葛洪诗。洞阳泠泠风佩清。
【茵陈】
味苦，性平。主治风湿寒热之邪，以及邪气导致的热结黄疸。长期服用可使人身体轻健，益气并延缓衰老。生长在丘陵山坡和河岸上。
生生不息，陈陈相因。冬天根茎潜藏蛰伏，春天度过萌发生长的阶段。叶片呈现八角形状，饼食需经过三个早晨的制作（或指特定食用方法）。能祛除黄湿之邪，传说白兔吃了可以成仙。
《易经》说：生生不息就是“易”。《礼记》说：流动而不停止。《汉书·食货志》说：陈陈相因。陈藏器说：这虽然属于蒿类植物，但经冬不死，更替依靠旧苗而生，所以名叫茵陈。雷斅在《雷公炮炙论》中说：凡是使用必须选用叶片有八角的。李时珍说：淮扬地区的人在二月三日采集茵陈苗，混合面粉做成饼来吃。《史记·滑稽列传》记载：这与用耳朵吃东西没有区别。名医说：白兔吃了它就能成仙。
【杜若】
味辛，微温。主治胸膈部不适，降下逆气，温暖中焦。风邪侵入脑户穴，导致头痛、多涕泪流出。长期服用有益精血，明目，使身体轻健。又名杜衡。生长在川泽之地。
葵菜般的形状，蘼芜般的香气，烟雾弥漫，露水滋润，幽静地生长在崇山峻岭之间。白色的花朵，绿色的叶子，香气追逐着马蹄。形状像鸭掌。茂盛繁荣令人喜悦，与金芝相邻相接。
《山海经》记载：天帝之山有一种草，形状像葵菜，气味像蘼芜，名叫杜衡。杜甫诗句：露润思藤架，烟霏想柱丛。嵇康序文：仰视高冈，俯视幽谷。刘圻父诗：素英绿叶纷可喜。《尔雅疏》注：杜若的土卤部分形状像马蹄，俗称为马蹄香。雷斅在《雷公炮炙论》中说：鸭蹀草根相似，但味道和药效不同。谢灵运赋：览兹荣之茂悦，厕金芝于芳丛。名医说：又名若芝。杜甫诗句：邻接意如何。
【沙参】
味苦，微寒。主治血积、惊气，去除寒热，补益中气，增益肺气。长期服用对人有利。又名知母（注：此处原文可能有误，通常沙参别名非知母，但依原文翻译），生长在川谷之地。
文采希世，志向取得，美好的见识，人参的形状。叶尖长如排齿，紫色和白色悬挂如铃铛。乳汁流淌如液汁，滋润肺部，精神清醒。孕育金属之气，潜伏火气，风扇吹拂带来清凉。
名医说：一名文希，一名志取，一名识美。陶弘景说：与人参的主治功效颇为相同，所以有“参”的名称。李时珍说：叶尖长像枸杞叶但较小，有细齿，开小紫花，形状像铃铎。也有白花者。根茎都有白色汁液，俗名羊婆奶。束晰赋：液汁濡泽。李咸用歌：风摇两拂精神醒。牛宏歌：孕金成德。李颀诗：心穷伏火阳精丹。葛洪诗：洞阳泠泠风佩清。
[Chen Yin (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba)]
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Neutral.
Indications: Mainly treats wind-dampness, cold-heat disorders, and heat accumulation with jaundice caused by pathogenic factors. Long-term consumption lightens the body, benefits Qi, and delays aging.
Habitat: Grows on hillsides and riverbanks.
Life generates endlessly; old follows old. In winter, the roots hibernate underground; in spring, they sprout and extend. The leaves have eight corners. Cakes are prepared over three mornings. It dispels yellow dampness. Legend has it that eating it allows one to become an immortal.
The *Book of Changes* states: "Endless generation is called Change." The *Book of Rites* states: "Flowing without cessation." The *Han Shu: Treatise on Food and Money* states: "Old follows old." Chen Zangqi stated: "Although this belongs to the Mugwort category, it does not die in winter but grows again relying on the old stalks, hence the name Chen Yin." Lei Xiao in *Lei Gong Pao Zhi Lun* stated: "When using it, one must select those with eight-cornered leaves." Li Shizhen stated: "People in Huaiyang gather Chen Yin seedlings on the 3rd day of the 2nd lunar month, mix them with flour to make cakes for eating." The *Shi Ji: Biographies of Witty Officials* records: "This is no different from eating with ears." Famous physicians stated: "White rabbits eat it and become immortals."
[Du Ruo (Dichroae Radix / Asarum species contextually implied as Du Heng here)]
Taste: Pungent. Nature: Slightly Warm.
Indications: Mainly treats chest and diaphragm discomfort, directs rebellious Qi downward, warms the Middle Jiao. When wind enters the Naohu acupoint, it causes headache, excessive rhinorrhea, and tearing. Long-term consumption benefits essence, brightens the eyes, and lightens the body.
Synonym: Du Heng.
Habitat: Grows in rivers and marshes.
Resembling Malva in shape, fragrant like Chuanxiong/Heteranthera, misty and dew-kissed, dwelling quietly on lofty peaks. White flowers and green leaves, fragrance chasing horse hooves. Shape resembles duck feet. Lush and flourishing brings joy, adjacent to Golden Mushrooms.
The *Classic of Mountains and Seas* records: "On the Mountain of the Heavenly Emperor, there is a grass resembling Malva, smelling like Heteranthera, named Du Heng." Du Fu's poem: "Dew moistens, thinking of vine trellises; mist gathers, imagining pillar clusters." Ji Kang's preface: "Looking up at lofty peaks, looking down at secluded valleys." Liu Qifu's poem: "White petals and green leaves are delightfully vibrant." Commentary on *Erya*: "The root part of Du Ruo resembles a horse's hoof, commonly called Horse Hoof Fragrance." Lei Xiao in *Lei Gong Pao Zhi Lun* stated: "It resembles Duck Foot Grass root, but the taste and efficacy differ." Xie Lingyun's fu: "Beholding the lush beauty of this glory, placing Golden Mushrooms among fragrant bushes." Famous physicians stated: "Also known as Ruo Zhi." Du Fu's poem: "How is the meaning of adjacency?"
[Sha Shen (Glehniae Radix / Adenophorae Radix)]
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Slightly Cold.
Indications: Mainly treats blood stasis, fright qi, eliminates cold-heat, tonifies the Middle, and benefits Lung Qi. Long-term consumption is beneficial to humans.
Synonym: Zhi Mu (Note: Textual error in source, usually Sha Shen).
Habitat: Grows in rivers and valleys.
Rare literary talent and ambition, beautiful insight, resembling Ginseng. Leaves are pointed and long like serrated teeth; purple and white hang like bells. Milk-like fluid flows, nourishing the lungs and awakening the spirit. Nurturing Metal energy, hiding Fire, wind fans bring coolness.
Famous physicians stated: "Also known as Wen Xi, Zhi Qu, Shi Mei." Tao Hongjing stated: "Its therapeutic effects are quite similar to Ren Shen (Ginseng), hence the name 'Shen'." Li Shizhen stated: "Leaves are pointed and long like Goji leaves but smaller, with fine teeth, opening small purple flowers resembling bells. There are also white-flowered varieties. Roots and rhizomes have white juice, commonly known as Sheep Grandma's Milk." Shu Xi's fu: "Fluid moistens." Li Xianyong's song: "Wind shakes, brushing twice, spirit awakens." Niu Hong's song: "Nurturing Metal achieves virtue." Li Qi's poem: "Heart exhausts hidden fire, Yang Essence Dan." Ge Hong's poem: "Dongyang cool, wind pendants clear."