味苦温。主心痛。寒热结气。积聚伏梁。伤筋痿拘缓。利水道。生山谷。（今名天南
星）
布地荑科。萌生毒卉。翘企蛇头。细抽鼠尾。圆掌威伸。繁星光炜。由跋根新。体孱才菲。
谢灵运赋。散叶荑科。国语。逆节萌生。柳宗元记。嘉葩毒卉。苏颂曰。初生作穗直上如鼠
尾。花似蛇头。结子自落布地。一子生一窠。苏恭曰。根似扁柿。四畔有圆牙。看如虎掌。
傅
咸表。威风得伸。庾阐诗。繁星如散锦。李时珍曰。虎掌因叶形似之。非根也。南星因根圆
白。形如老人星状。故名由跋。是南星之新根。其气未足。不堪服食。梁萧赋。才菲而体孱
。
味苦平。主蛊毒邪气。鬼注诸毒。破症瘕积聚。去水。下三虫。生山谷。
乌鸢于止。挟势如飞。碧分尾断。黄裹头垂。殖区修短。壤异硗肥。纷敷花色。强利从
违。
吴普曰。一名乌鸢。大学。于止知其所止。诗。如飞如翰。苏恭曰。阔短不抽长茎。花
紫碧
色。根皮黄。肉白。左传。雄鸡自断其尾。韩保升曰。草名鸢尾。根名鸢头。李时珍曰。此
即射干之苗。非别种也。肥地者。茎长根粗。瘠地者。茎短根瘦。其花自有数色。诸家皆是
强分耳。
味苦寒。主下瘀血闭。寒热。破症瘕积聚。留饮宿食。荡涤肠胃。推陈致新。通利水谷
道。调中化食。安利五脏。生山谷。
色美黄良。西羌东蜀。牛舌伸舒。羊蹄踯躅。斑紧波旋。紫铺锦缛。剑戟中心。顽坚凌
触。
李时珍曰。一名黄良。苏恭曰。西羌蜀地者佳。白居易诗。东蜀殊欢渥。苏颂曰。作紧
片如
牛舌形。苏恭曰。根红者。似宿羊蹄。雷 论。凡使细切。以文如水旋斑。紧重者良。益部
方物略记。紫地锦文为最。范成大诗。中有将军剑戟心。云笈七签遇物凌触。
味苦，性温。主治心痛、寒热往来及气机郁结形成的痞块、积聚和伏梁病。能舒筋活络，治疗筋脉拘挛或弛缓无力，通利水道。生长在山谷中。（现在的名称是天南星）
像布在地上的荑草一样生长，萌芽时是带有毒性的花草。花序高高翘起像蛇头，花茎细细抽出像鼠尾。叶片圆润舒展如手掌张开，花朵繁密星光般闪耀。从新发的根茎长出，体质柔弱，才质菲薄。谢灵运的赋中提到：散开的叶子属于荑草类。《国语》中说：逆生的节段开始萌发。柳宗元的记述中提到：美好的花朵却是毒草。苏颂说：初生时花穗笔直向上，像老鼠尾巴；花像蛇头；果实成熟后自然脱落散布在地上；一颗种子长出一个块茎。苏恭说：根部形状像扁柿子，四周有圆形的齿状突起，看起来像虎掌。傅咸的上表中提到：威风得以施展。庾阐的诗中写道：繁星如同散开的锦缎。李时珍说：虎掌是因为叶子的形状像它而得名，并不是指根部。天南星是因为根部圆润洁白，形状像老人的星星模样，所以得名“由跋”。这是南星的新根，药气尚未充足，不适合服用。梁代萧氏的赋中提到：才质菲薄且体质柔弱。
味苦，性平。主治蛊毒、邪气、鬼注（一种传染病）等各种毒素。能破除症瘕积聚，去除水湿，驱除三种寄生虫。生长在山谷中。
乌鸦在栖息处，凭借势力飞翔。碧绿的尾巴断裂，黄色的头部低垂。生长的区域长短不一，土壤有贫瘠和肥沃的区别。花色纷繁复杂，药效强弱取决于顺应与否。
吴普说：又名乌鸢。《大学》中说：乌鸦知道它应该栖息的地方。《诗经》中说：像飞一样迅捷。苏恭说：叶子宽阔短小，不抽长茎。花呈紫碧色，根皮黄色，肉质白色。《左传》中提到：雄鸡自己切断尾巴。韩保升说：草名叫鸢尾，根名叫鸢头。李时珍说：这就是射干的幼苗，不是别的种类。生长在肥沃土地上的，茎长根粗；生长在贫瘠土地上的，茎短根瘦。它的花自有多种颜色，各家强行区分罢了。
味苦，性寒。主治下焦瘀血闭阻、寒热往来。能破除症瘕积聚，清除停留的饮邪和积食，荡涤肠胃，推陈出新，通利水谷之道，调和脾胃，消化食物，安养五脏。生长在山谷中。
色泽美丽黄亮，产自西羌和东蜀地区。叶片像牛舌一样伸展，又像羊蹄草一样徘徊。纹理紧密如波浪旋转，紫色铺陈如锦绣华丽。中心像剑戟一样坚硬，触之顽固坚韧。
李时珍说：又名黄良。苏恭说：西羌和蜀地出产的最好。白居易的诗中说：东蜀特别丰厚。苏颂说：切成紧实的片状像牛舌的形状。苏恭说：红色的根，像宿存的羊蹄草。雷斅的论述中说：凡是使用，需细切，以纹理如水波旋斑、质地紧密沉重的为优良。《益部方物略记》中说：紫色的地面锦纹最为上乘。范成大的诗中说：其中有将军剑戟的心意。《云笈七签》中提到：遇到事物触类旁通。
Bitter, warm in nature. Primarily treats heart pain, alternating chills and fever (Hanre), qi stagnation forming masses, accumulations (Jiju), and Fu Liang disease. It relaxes tendons and collaterals, treating tendon spasms or flaccidity, and promotes the flow of water passages. Grows in mountain valleys. (Currently known as Tian Nan Xing / Arisaema Rhizome)
It sprouts like Typha growing on the ground, initially appearing as a toxic herb. The inflorescence stands erect like a snake's head, while the slender stalks extend like a rat's tail. The leaves are round and spread out like an open palm, with flowers dense and shining like starlight. It grows from new rhizomes, possessing a weak constitution and meager substance. Xie Lingyun's fu mentions: "The scattered leaves belong to the Typha family." The *Guoyu* states: "Adverse nodes begin to sprout." Liu Zongyuan's record mentions: "Beautiful flowers that are actually poisonous herbs." Su Song says: "When first sprouting, the flower spike rises straight up like a rat's tail; the flowers resemble a snake's head; the seeds fall naturally and scatter on the ground; one seed produces one tuber cluster." Su Gong says: "The root resembles a flat persimmon, with round teeth-like projections on all sides, looking like a tiger's paw." Fu Xian's memorial mentions: "Majesty is thereby extended." Yu Chan's poem writes: "Stars scattered like brocade." Li Shizhen says: "Huzhang (Tiger Palm) is named for its leaf shape resembling a tiger's palm, not the root. Tian Nan Xing is named 'Youba' because its root is round and white, resembling the star of an old man. This is the new root of Nan Xing; its medicinal qi is not yet sufficient and is unsuitable for consumption." The *Fu* by Xiao of Liang mentions: "Meager in talent and frail in body."
Bitter, neutral in nature. Primarily treats gu poison (蛊毒), pathogenic factors, Gui Zhu (a type of infectious disease), and various toxins. It breaks up zheng jia (masses and accumulations), eliminates water retention, and expels three types of parasites. Grows in mountain valleys.
The crow rests at its stopping place, flying with force. Its green tail is severed, its yellow head hangs low. Its growth area varies in length, and the soil differs between barren and fertile. The flower colors are diverse, and its efficacy depends on whether it conforms to the environment.
Wu Pu says: Also known as Wu Yuan (Black Kite). The *Da Xue* states: "The crow knows where it should rest." The *Shi Jing* states: "Swift as flight." Su Gong says: "Leaves are broad and short, without long stems. Flowers are purple-green, root skin is yellow, flesh is white." The *Zuo Zhuan* mentions: "A rooster cuts off its own tail." Han Baosheng says: "The grass is called Yuan Wei (Iris), and the root is called Yuan Tou." Li Shizhen says: "This is the seedling of She Gan (Belamcanda Rhizome), not a separate species. Those grown in fertile land have long stems and thick roots; those in barren land have short stems and thin roots. Its flowers naturally come in several colors; previous scholars forced distinctions unnecessarily."
Bitter, cold in nature. Primarily treats lower jiao blood stasis obstruction and alternating chills and fever. It breaks up zheng jia (masses and accumulations), clears retained fluid and undigested food, purges the stomach and intestines, pushes out the old to bring forth the new, unblocks the passage of water and grain, harmonizes the middle jiao, aids digestion, and benefits the five zang organs. Grows in mountain valleys.
The color is beautiful and bright yellow, originating from Western Qiang and Eastern Shu regions. Leaves stretch like ox tongues, lingering like sheep's hooves. The texture is tight with swirling patterns, purple spreading like rich brocade. The center is hard like swords and halberds, tough and resistant to touch.
Li Shizhen says: Also known as Huang Liang. Su Gong says: Those from Western Qiang and Shu are best. Bai Juyi's poem states: "Eastern Shu is particularly abundant." Su Song says: "Cut into tight slices resembling ox tongue shapes." Su Gong says: "Red roots resemble perennial sheep's hooves." Lei Xiao's treatise states: "When used, slice finely; those with water-wave swirl patterns and heavy, tight texture are superior." The *Yibu Fangwu Lueji* states: "Purple ground-patterned ones are the finest." Fan Chengda's poem states: "Within lies the heart of a general's sword and halberd." The *Yunji Qiqian* mentions: "Encountering things leads to associative insight."