味平。主寒热。鬼注。中风湿痹。女子带下病无子。一名马屎蒿。生川泽。
先缘新近。蓝以高瞻。麻花紫艳。豆角青尖。牡因子辨。邪远名嫌。马通臭味。炼石炎
炎。
苏恭曰。一名马新蒿。晏子蒿。草之高者也。掌禹锡曰。七月开花。似胡麻花而紫赤。
八月
生角。似豆角锐而长。李时珍曰。马先蒿。牡嵩。原是二种。诗疏。所谓有子者。乃马
先蒿。而复引无子之牡蒿释之。误矣。蒿气如马矢。先乃矢之讹。新又先之讹也。北史传。
食
采有邪蒿。邢峙令去之曰。此菜有不正之名。礼。礼不讳嫌名。汉书传注。以马通熏之马矢
也。名医曰。一名炼石草。陶弘景曰。又名烂石。诗赫赫炎炎。
味苦寒。主大热恶创痈疽。浸淫赤 。皮肤赤身热。生川谷。
叶叶特生。沿溪萦碧。海挹苏融。雪霏寒积。重叠钱圆。参差荇坼。茶饮辛香。风生两
腋。
苏恭曰。此草蔓生溪涧侧。倪瓒诗。冷文萦碧暮烟和。苏颂曰。一名海苏。陶弘景曰。
积雪
草。以寒凉得名。寇宗 曰。形如水荇。叶叶各生。今人谓之连钱草。蔡邕表。前后重叠。
诗
。参差荇菜。苏颂曰。江浙人多以作茶饮。庚辛玉册。引蔓抟地。香如细辛。卢仝诗。惟觉
两腋习习清风生。
味辛温。主风洗洗霍乱。泄利。肠鸣。上下无常处。惊痫寒热百疾。生川谷或山阳。
负阴尚白。集菀嘘枯。金清肺洁。玉润肤腴。名题织女。形易妆嫫。五辛味浊。远屏沾
濡。
老子。负阴而抱阳。礼。殷人尚白。名医曰。一名白菀。一名织女菀。国语。人皆集于
菀。
己独集于枯。后汉书传。孔公绪嘘枯吹生。搜神记。金清则义。南史传。刘遵内含玉润。肘
后方。治人面黑令白。忌五辛。手太阴气分药也。肺热。则面紫黑。肺清。则面白。白居易
诗。妆嫫徒费黛。晋书志。我志沾濡。
【马先蒿】
味道平和。主治寒热往来、鬼注（一种传染性痨病）、风湿痹痛。治疗女子带下病及不孕症。又名马屎蒿。生长在川泽地带。
起初因为新近发现，人们像仰望蓝天一样推崇它。花朵麻花状紫艳，豆荚青色尖锐。雄性因种子辨别，邪气远离所以名字避嫌。马通（马粪）气味浓烈，炼制石头时火焰炎炎。
苏恭说：又名马新蒿、晏子蒿，是草中高大的品种。掌禹锡说：七月开花，形状像胡麻花但呈紫红色。八月结角，形状像豆角但更锐利且长。李时珍说：马先蒿和牡嵩原本是两种不同的植物。《诗经》疏证中说“有子的”是指马先蒿，却引用无子的牡蒿来解释，这是错误的。蒿的气味像马粪，“先”字是“矢”的讹误，“新”又是“先”的讹误。《北史》记载，食采之地有邪蒿，邢峙任令时将其去除，说：“这种菜有不正之名。”《礼记》说：“礼不讳嫌名。”《汉书》传注说：用马通熏烤，即马粪。名医说：又名炼石草。陶弘景说：又名烂石。《诗经》中有“赫赫炎炎”。
【积雪草】
味道苦寒。主治大热、恶疮、痈疽、浸淫疮、皮肤发红、身体发热。生长在川谷地带。
叶片单独生长，沿着溪水环绕碧绿。海水汲取苏合香的气息，雪花纷飞寒冷积聚。重叠如铜钱般圆润，参差不齐如荇菜裂开。茶饮带有辛香，风吹两腋生风。
苏恭说：此草蔓生在溪涧旁边。倪瓒诗云：“冷文萦碧暮烟和。”苏颂说：又名海苏。陶弘景说：积雪草，以寒凉得名。寇宗奭说：形状像水荇，叶片各自生长。今人称之为连钱草。蔡邕表奏中提到“前后重叠”，《诗经》云：“参差荇菜。”苏颂说：江浙人多用来制作茶饮。《庚辛玉册》引文提到藤蔓抟地，香气如同细辛。卢仝诗云：“惟觉两腋习习清风生。”
【女菀】
味道辛温。主治风邪引起的洒淅恶寒、霍乱、泄泻、肠鸣，病位上下无常处，惊痫、寒热及各种疾病。生长在川谷或山南向阳处。
背负阴气崇尚白色，聚集于菀草吹嘘枯木。金气清肃使肺洁净，玉质温润使肌肤丰腴。名字提及织女，形状容易妆扮嫫母。五辛味道浑浊，远离并屏除沾濡。
《老子》说：负阴而抱阳。《礼记》说：殷人崇尚白色。名医说：又名白菀、织女菀。《国语》说：人都聚集在菀草上，唯独他聚集在枯草上。《后汉书》传记说：孔公绪能吹枯拉生。《搜神记》说：金气清肃则义理明。《南史》传记说：刘遵内心蕴含玉润。《肘后方》说：治疗人脸发黑使其变白。忌食五辛。是手太阴肺经气分的药物。肺热，则面色紫黑；肺清，则面色白。白居易诗云：“妆嫫徒费黛。”《晋书》志载：“我志沾濡。”
[Misophragma]
Taste: Neutral.
Indications: Governs alternating cold and fever, *guizhu* (a type of contagious tuberculosis), wind-damp bi-syndrome. Treats leukorrhea in women and infertility.
Alternative Name: Mashi Hao (Horse-Dung Mugwort).
Habitat: Grows in river valleys and marshes.
Initially, due to recent discovery, it was revered like gazing at the high blue sky. The flowers are purple and bright like hemp flowers; the pods are green and sharp-tipped. The male is distinguished by seeds; evil qi stays away, hence the name avoids taboo. Horse dung has a strong odor; when refining stones, the flames are blazing.
Su Gong stated: Also known as Maxin Hao and Yanzi Hao, it is a tall variety among herbs. Zhang Yuxi stated: It blooms in the seventh lunar month, resembling *Hemp flower* but purple-red. In the eighth month, it produces pods, resembling bean pods but sharper and longer. Li Shizhen stated: *Mixaohao* and *Musong* were originally two different species. The commentary on the *Classic of Poetry* states that "having seeds" refers to *Mixaohao*, yet it incorrectly cites seedless *Musong* for explanation. The mugwort scent resembles horse dung; "Xian" (First) is an error for "Shi" (Feces); "Xin" (New) is further an error for "Xian". The *History of the Northern Dynasties* records that there was *Xiehao* in the fiefdoms; when Xing Zhi served as magistrate, he ordered their removal, saying, "This vegetable bears an improper name." The *Book of Rites* states, "Ritual does not require avoiding names with similar sounds." The commentary on the *Book of Han* states: fumigating with *Matong* refers to horse dung. Famous physicians state: also known as Lianshi Cao (Refining Stone Grass). Tao Hongjing stated: also known as Lanshi (Rotting Stone). The *Classic of Poetry* mentions "bright and blazing."
[Centella asiatica]
Taste: Bitter, Cold.
Indications: Governs severe heat, malignant sores, carbuncles, ulcers, oozing skin lesions, redness of the skin, and body heat.
Habitat: Grows in river valleys.
Leaves grow individually, winding along streams in emerald green. It draws from the essence of *Suhexiang* (Styrax); snowflakes fall, accumulating cold. Overlapping like round coins, unevenly splitting like water shield (*Xingcai*). Tea made from it has a pungent fragrance; wind arises under both armpits.
Su Gong stated: This herb grows creeping by stream sides. Ni Zan's poem reads: "Cold patterns wind through greenery, evening mist blends." Su Song stated: Also known as Haisu. Tao Hongjing stated: *Jixuecao* derives its name from its cooling properties. Kou Zongshi stated: Its shape resembles water shield, with leaves growing separately. People today call it *Lianqiancao* (Connected-Coin Grass). Cai Yong's memorial mentions "overlapping front and back"; the *Classic of Poetry* says: "Uneven water shield." Su Song stated: People in Jiangsu and Zhejiang often use it to make tea. The *Gengxin Yuce* cites vines spreading on the ground, with fragrance similar to *Xixin* (Asarum). Lu Tong's poem says: "Only feeling a gentle breeze rising under both armpits."
[Anemone raddeana]
Taste: Pungent, Warm.
Indications: Governs wind-induced shivering, cholera-like syndrome, diarrhea, borborygmus, diseases moving unpredictably up and down, convulsions, epilepsy, alternating cold and fever, and various ailments.
Habitat: Grows in river valleys or sunny mountain slopes.
Carrying yin and honoring white, gathering in *Wan* grass, blowing upon withered wood. Metal clears and purifies the lungs; jade moistens and enriches the skin. The name mentions the Weaver Girl; the form easily adorns the ugly woman (Mo). Five pungents have turbid flavors; one stays far from dampness.
The *Laozi* states: Carrying yin and embracing yang. The *Book of Rites* states: The Yin people honored white. Famous physicians state: Also known as Baiwan and Zhinvwan. The *Guoyu* states: Everyone gathers in the lush *Wan*, while he alone gathers in the withered. The *Book of Later Han* biography states: Kong Gongxu could blow life into the dead. The *In Search of the Supernatural* states: When metal is clear, righteousness prevails. The *History of the Southern Dynasties* biography states: Liu Zun harbored inner jade-like purity. The *Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergencies* states: To treat dark facial complexion and make it white. Avoid five pungents. It is a drug for the Qi aspect of the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. If the lung is hot, the face becomes purple-black; if the lung is clear, the face becomes white. Bai Juyi's poem says: "Adorning the ugly Mo is futile even with heavy makeup." The *Book of Jin* records: "My ambition is to avoid dampness."