味甘，寒。主皮肤往来寒热，利小肠膀胱气。生山谷石上。
案∶《广雅》云∶昔邪，乌韭也，在屋，曰昔邪；在墙，曰垣衣。《西山经》云∶萆荔，
状如乌韭。《唐本》注云∶即石衣也，亦名石苔，又名石发。按∶《广雅》又云∶石发，石衣
也，
味苦，平。主蛊毒，女子腰腹痛，不乐，肠痈、瘰 （《御览》作历）、疡气。生山谷。
《名医》曰∶生汶山。
案∶《说文》云∶ ，鹿藿也，读若剽。《广雅》云∶ ，鹿藿也。《尔雅》云∶ ，鹿
藿。其实， 。郭璞云∶今鹿豆也。叶似大豆，根黄而香，蔓延生。
味苦，微寒。主惊痫、摇头弄舌，热气在腹中， 疾痈创，阴蚀，下三虫，去蛇毒。一
名蚩休。生川谷。
《名医》曰∶生山及冤句。
案∶郑樵云∶蚤休，曰螫休，曰重楼金绵，曰重台，曰草甘遂，今人谓之紫河车。服
食家所用，而茎叶亦可爱。多植庭院间。
味咸，微寒。主寒热、恶创、火热，辟鬼气不祥（《御览》作辟恶气、不祥、鬼毒）。一
名丹草（《御览》引云丹沙草）。生山谷。
《吴普》曰∶石长生，神农∶苦；雷公∶辛；一经∶甘。生咸阳（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶生咸阳。
味苦，寒。主骨间诸痹，四肢拘挛、疼酸，膝寒痛，阴痿，短气不足，脚肿。生川谷。
《名医》曰∶生熊耳及冤句。立秋采。又曰∶蒴 ，味酸，温，有毒。一名堇（今本误
作堇），一名芨。生田野。春夏采叶；秋冬采茎、根。
案∶《说文》云∶堇草也。读若厘。芨， 草也，读若急。 ，厘草也。《广雅》云
盆，陆英莓也。《尔雅》云∶芨 草。《唐本》注陆英云∶此物，蒴 是也。后人不识，
浪出蒴 条。今注云∶陆英，味苦、寒，无毒；蒴 ，味酸、温，有毒，既此不同。难谓一
种，盖其类尔。
（乌韭）味甘，性寒。主治皮肤出现往来寒热（忽冷忽热），通利小肠和膀胱的气机。生长在山谷的石头上。
考证：《广雅》说：昔邪，就是乌韭，生长在屋顶上的叫昔邪；生长在墙上的叫垣衣。《西山经》说：萆荔，形状像乌韭。《唐本草》注解说：就是石衣，也叫石苔，又叫石发。按：《广雅》又说：石发，就是石衣。
（鹿藿）味苦，性平。主治蛊毒，女子腰腹部疼痛，情绪不悦，肠痈、瘰疬（颈部淋巴结结核）、疡气（疮疡之气）。生长在山谷中。
《名医别录》说：生长在汶山。
考证：《说文解字》说：藨，就是鹿藿，读音像“剽”。《广雅》说：藨，就是鹿藿。《尔雅》说：藨，就是鹿藿。它的果实叫蔂。郭璞说：就是现在的鹿豆。叶子像大豆，根黄色且有香气，蔓延生长。
（重楼/蚤休）味苦，性微寒。主治惊痫（惊风癫痫）、摇头弄舌，腹中有热气，恶疾、痈疮，阴蚀（外阴溃疡），驱除三虫（多种寄生虫），去除蛇毒。另一个名字叫蚩休。生长在川谷中。
《名医别录》说：生长在山中以及冤句县。
考证：郑樵说：蚤休，叫螫休，叫重楼金绵，叫重台，叫草甘遂，现在的人称它为紫河车。是服食家（追求长生或养生的人）所用的药物，而且茎叶也很可爱。多种植在庭院之间。
（丹参/石长生）味咸，性微寒。主治寒热，恶性疮疡，火热之证，辟除鬼气和不祥之气（《太平御览》作辟除恶气、不祥、鬼毒）。另一个名字叫丹草（《太平御览》引用说是丹沙草）。生长在山谷中。
《吴普本草》说：石长生，神农认为味苦；雷公认为味辛；另一部经书认为味甘。生长在咸阳（《太平御览》记载）。
《名医别录》说：生长在咸阳。
（陆英/蒴藋）味苦，性寒。主治骨节间的各种痹证，四肢拘挛、疼痛酸楚，膝盖寒冷疼痛，阴痿（阳痿），气短不足，脚肿。生长在川谷中。
《名医别录》说：生长在熊耳山以及冤句县。立秋时采集。又说：蒴藋，味酸，性温，有毒。另一个名字叫堇（现在的版本误写为堇），另一个名字叫芨。生长在田野中。春夏季采集叶子；秋冬季采集茎和根。
考证：《说文解字》说：是堇草。读音像“厘”。芨，是藨草。读音像“急”。藨，是厘草。《广雅》说：盆，是陆英莓。《尔雅》说：芨是藨草。《唐本草》注释陆英说：这个东西，就是蒴藋。后人不认识，随意列出了蒴藋的条目。现在的注解说：陆英，味苦、性寒，无毒；蒴藋，味酸、性温，有毒，既然这两者不同。很难说是一种药，大概是同类罢了。
(Wu Jiu) tastes sweet and is cold in nature. It primarily treats alternating chills and fever on the skin, and promotes the flow of Qi in the Small Intestine and Bladder. It grows on stones in mountain valleys.
Commentary: The Guangya states: Xi Xie is Wu Jiu; when growing on roofs, it is called Xi Xie; when growing on walls, it is called Yuan Yi. The Classic of the Western Mountains states: Bi Li resembles Wu Jiu in shape. The Annotation to the Tang Materia Medica states: It is Shi Yi, also known as Shi Tai, and also known as Shi Fa. Note: The Guangya further states: Shi Fa is Shi Yi.
(Lu Huo) tastes bitter and is neutral in nature. It primarily treats Gu Du (poisonous pathogens causing abdominal distension and emaciation), lower back and abdominal pain in women, melancholy, intestinal abscesses, scrofula (lymphatic tuberculosis of the neck), and sores caused by pathogenic Qi. It grows in mountain valleys.
The Mingyi Bielu states: It grows in Wen Mountain.
Commentary: The Shuowen Jiezi states: Biao is Lu Huo, pronounced similarly to "Piao". The Guangya states: Biao is Lu Huo. The Erya states: Biao is Lu Huo. Its fruit is called Lei. Guo Pu states: It is the current Lu Dou (Deer Bean). The leaves resemble those of the soybean, the roots are yellow and aromatic, and it grows in a creeping manner.
(Zhong Lou / Zao Xiu) tastes bitter and is slightly cold in nature. It primarily treats Jing Xian (convulsions and epilepsy), head shaking and tongue protrusion, heat accumulation in the abdomen, severe diseases and carbuncles/sores, Yin Shi (ulceration of the genitalia), expels the Three Worms (various parasites), and neutralizes snake venom. Another name is Chi Xiu. It grows in river valleys.
The Mingyi Bielu states: It grows in mountains and in Yuanju County.
Commentary: Zheng Qiao states: Zao Xiu is called Zhe Xiu, Chong Lou Jin Mian, Chong Tai, or Cao Gansui. People today call it Zi He Che. It is used by practitioners of dietary cultivation for immortality or health preservation, and its stems and leaves are also aesthetically pleasing. It is often planted in courtyards.
(Dan Shen / Shi Chang Sheng) tastes salty and is slightly cold in nature. It primarily treats chills and fever, malignant sores, and heat-fire syndromes, and wards off Gui Qi (ghostly pathogenic factors) and inauspicious influences (The Taiping Yulan records it as warding off evil Qi, inauspiciousness, and ghostly poison). Another name is Dan Cao (The Taiping Yulan cites it as Dan Sha Cao). It grows in mountain valleys.
The Wu Pu Bencao states: Regarding Shi Chang Sheng, Shen Nong considers it bitter; Lei Gong considers it pungent; one classic considers it sweet. It grows in Xianyang (recorded in the Taiping Yulan).
The Mingyi Bielu states: It grows in Xianyang.
(Lu Ying / Shuo Diao) tastes bitter and is cold in nature. It primarily treats various Bi syndromes (obstruction syndromes) between the bones, spasms, pain, and soreness of the four limbs, cold pain in the knees, Yin Wei (impotence), shortness of breath and deficiency, and swelling of the feet. It grows in river valleys.
The Mingyi Bielu states: It grows in Xiong'er Mountain and Yuanju County. It is harvested at the Start of Autumn (Li Qiu). It further states: Shuo Diao tastes sour, is warm in nature, and is toxic. Another name is Jin (current editions mistakenly write as Jin); another name is Ji. It grows in fields. Leaves are harvested in spring and summer; stems and roots are harvested in autumn and winter.
Commentary: The Shuowen Jiezi states: It is Jin Cao. Pronounced similarly to "Li". Ji is Biao Cao. Pronounced similarly to "Ji". Biao is Li Cao. The Guangya states: Pen is Lu Ying Mei. The Erya states: Ji is Biao Cao. The Annotation to the Tang Materia Medica regarding Lu Ying states: This substance is Shuo Diao. Later generations, not recognizing this, arbitrarily created an entry for Shuo Diao. The current annotation states: Lu Ying tastes bitter, is cold, and is non-toxic; Shuo Diao tastes sour, is warm, and is toxic. Since these two are different, it is difficult to claim they are the same species; they are likely of the same category.