味辛，寒。主鬼注、寒热，鼠蝼，恶创、死肌，破症瘕，堕胎。一名 青。生川谷。
《吴普》曰∶地胆，一名元青，一名杜龙，一名青虹（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶一名青 。生汶山，八月取。
案∶《广雅》云∶地胆，蛇要，青 ，青 也。陶弘景云∶状如大马蚁，有翼。伪者，
即班猫所化，状如大豆。
味酸，温。主气癃不得小便，女人月闭、血症，痫症、寒热，利水道。一名负蟠，一名
威。生平谷。
《名医》曰∶一名 。生魏郡及人家地上。五月五日取。
案∶《说文》云∶ ， 威，委黍；委黍，鼠妇也；蟠，鼠负也。《尔雅》云∶蟠，鼠
负。郭璞云∶瓮器底虫。又 威，委黍。郭璞云∶旧说，鼠妇别名。《毛诗》云∶伊芳威在室
。《传》云∶伊芳威，委黍也。陆玑云∶在壁根下，瓮底中生，似白鱼。
味辛，微温。主明目，小儿火创伤，热气、蛊毒、鬼注，通神。一名夜光（《御览》引
云∶一名熠耀，一名即照。《大观本》作黑字）。生池泽。
《吴普》曰∶荧火，一名夜照，一名熠耀，一名救火，一名景天，一名据火，一名挟火
（《艺文类聚》）。
《名医》曰∶一名放光，一名熠耀，一名即照。生阶地。七月七日收，阴干。
案∶《说文》云∶ ，兵死及牛马之血为磷，鬼火也，从炎舛。《尔雅》云∶荧火，即
照。郭璞云∶夜飞，腹下有火。《毛诗》云∶熠耀宵行。传云∶熠耀，磷也；磷，荧火也
《月令》云∶季夏之月，腐草化为荧。郑元云∶萤飞虫，萤火也。据毛苌以萤为磷，是也。
《说文》无萤字，当以磷为之。《尔雅》作荧，亦是。旧作萤，非。又按∶《月令》∶腐草
为萤，当是蠲字假音。
**地胆**
味辛，性寒。主治鬼注（一种具有传染性、症状变幻莫测的病症）、寒热（恶寒与发热交替或并见），鼠蝼（指瘰疬结核类疾病），恶创（严重的疮疡），死肌（坏死的肌肉组织），破除症瘕（腹内结块，固定不移者为症，聚散无常者为瘕），堕胎（导致流产）。另一个名字叫青。生长在河流山谷中。
《吴普本草》说：地胆，另一个名字叫元青，一个叫杜龙，一个叫青虹（出自《太平御览》）。
《名医别录》说：另一个名字叫青。生长在汶山，八月采集。
按语：《广雅》说：地胆，就是蛇要、青、青。陶弘景说：形状像大蚂蚁，有翅膀。伪品，是由斑蝥变化而成的，形状像大豆。
**鼠妇**
味酸，性温。主治气癃（因气机阻滞导致的小便不通）导致的小便不利，妇女月经闭止、血症（与血有关的病证），痫症（癫痫发作），寒热，通利水道。另一个名字叫负蟠，一个叫威。生长在平坦的山谷中。
《名医别录》说：另一个名字叫。生长在魏郡以及人们居住的地面上。五月五日采集。
按语：《说文解字》说：，就是威，也就是委黍；委黍，就是鼠妇；蟠，就是鼠负。《尔雅》说：蟠，就是鼠负。郭璞说：是瓮器底部的虫子。又是威，也就是委黍。郭璞说：旧时的说法，是鼠妇的别名。《毛诗》说：伊威在室内。《毛传》说：伊威，就是委黍。陆玑说：生长在墙壁根部下面，瓮底之中，形状像白鱼（衣鱼虫）。
**荧火**
味辛，性微温。主治使眼睛明亮，小儿火烫伤，热气，蛊毒（由虫毒引起的疾病），鬼注，通达神灵。另一个名字叫夜光（《太平御览》引用说：另一个名字叫熠耀，一个叫即照。《大观本草》写作黑字）。生长在池塘沼泽中。
《吴普本草》说：荧火，另一个名字叫夜照，一个叫熠耀，一个叫救火，一个叫景天，一个叫据火，一个叫挟火（出自《艺文类聚》）。
《名医别录》说：另一个名字叫放光，一个叫熠耀，一个叫即照。生长在台阶地上。七月七日采收，阴干。
按语：《说文解字》说：，士兵战死以及牛马的血变成磷，就是鬼火，字形从炎从舛。《尔雅》说：荧火，就是即照。郭璞说：夜间飞行，腹部下有火光。《毛诗》说：熠耀宵行（萤火虫在夜间飞行发光）。《毛传》说：熠耀，就是磷；磷，就是荧火。《月令》说：季夏之月，腐烂的草化为荧。郑玄说：萤是飞虫，萤火就是它的光。依据毛苌认为萤就是磷，这是正确的。《说文解字》中没有“萤”字，应当用“磷”字代替。《尔雅》写作“荧”，也是正确的。旧本写作“萤”，是错误的。又按：《月令》说：腐草为萤，应当是“蠲”字的假借音。
**Di Dan (Cantharis)**
Flavor: Pungent. Nature: Cold.
Indications: It primarily treats *Gui Zhu* (a contagious disease with unpredictable symptoms), *Han Re* (chills and fever), *Shu Lou* (scrofula or tuberculous lumps), severe sores, necrotic muscle tissue, breaks up *Zheng Jia* (abdominal masses; *Zheng* are fixed, *Jia* are movable), and induces abortion. Another name is Qing. It grows in river valleys.
*Wu Pu Ben Cao* states: Di Dan is also known as Yuan Qing, Du Long, or Qing Hong (cited from *Tai Ping Yu Lan*).
*Ming Yi Bie Lu* states: Another name is Qing. It grows in Wen Shan and is harvested in the eighth month.
Commentary: *Guang Ya* states: Di Dan is She Yao, Qing, and Qing. Tao Hongjing states: It resembles a large ant and has wings. Counterfeit products are transformed from Ban Mao (Mylabris), resembling soybeans.
**Shu Fu (Porcellio)**
Flavor: Sour. Nature: Warm.
Indications: It primarily treats *Qi Long* (urinary retention due to Qi stagnation) resulting in difficulty urinating, amenorrhea in women, blood disorders, epilepsy, chills and fever, and promotes diuresis. Another name is Fu Pan, another is Wei. It grows in flat valleys.
*Ming Yi Bie Lu* states: Another name is . It grows in Wei Jun and on the ground of human dwellings. It is harvested on the fifth day of the fifth month.
Commentary: *Shuo Wen Jie Zi* states: is Wei, also known as Wei Shu; Wei Shu is Shu Fu; Pan is Shu Fu. *Er Ya* states: Pan is Shu Fu. Guo Pu states: It is an insect found at the bottom of urns. Also, Wei is Wei Shu. Guo Pu states: According to old explanations, it is another name for Shu Fu. *Mao Shi* (Book of Songs) states: "Yi Wei is in the room." *Mao Zhuan* states: Yi Wei is Wei Shu. Lu Ji states: It grows under the roots of walls and in the bottoms of urns, resembling Bai Yu (silverfish).
**Ying Huo (Firefly)**
Flavor: Pungent. Nature: Slightly Warm.
Indications: It primarily brightens the eyes, treats fire burns in children, heat qi, *Gu Du* (poison caused by venomous insects), *Gui Zhu*, and facilitates spiritual communication. Another name is Ye Guang (cited from *Tai Ping Yu Lan*: another name is Yi Yao, another is Ji Zhao. *Da Guan Ben* writes it as the character for black). It grows in ponds and marshes.
*Wu Pu Ben Cao* states: Ying Huo is also known as Ye Zhao, Yi Yao, Jiu Huo, Jing Tian, Ju Huo, or Jia Huo (cited from *Yi Wen Lei Ju*).
*Ming Yi Bie Lu* states: Another name is Fang Guang, another is Yi Yao, another is Ji Zhao. It grows on steps and terraces. It is harvested on the seventh day of the seventh month and dried in the shade.
Commentary: *Shuo Wen Jie Zi* states: , the blood of soldiers who died in battle and of cattle and horses becomes Lin (phosphorus), which is ghost fire; the character is derived from Yan (flame) and Chuan. *Er Ya* states: Ying Huo is Ji Zhao. Guo Pu states: It flies at night, with fire under its abdomen. *Mao Shi* states: "Yi Yao Xiao Xing" (Yi Yao travels at night). *Mao Zhuan* states: Yi Yao is Lin; Lin is Ying Huo. *Yue Ling* states: In the month of late summer, rotting grass transforms into Ying. Zheng Xuan states: Ying is a flying insect, and Ying Huo is its light. Based on Mao Chang's view that Ying is Lin, this is correct. *Shuo Wen Jie Zi* does not contain the character "Ying" (firefly); it should be represented by "Lin". *Er Ya* writes it as "Ying", which is also correct. The old version writing it as "Ying" (firefly with the insect radical) is incorrect. Furthermore, regarding *Yue Ling*: "Rotting grass becomes Ying," this should be a phonetic loan for the character "Juan".