味辛，寒。主心腹痛，痈肿渍脓，止痛。一名棘针。生川谷。
《名医》曰∶一名棘刺。生雍州。
案∶《说文》云∶棘，小枣丛生者。《尔雅》云∶髦颠棘。孙炎云∶一名白棘。李当之
云∶此是酸枣树针，今人用天门冬苗代之，非是真也。案∶《经》云∶天门冬，一名颠勒。
勒、棘，声相近，则今人用此，亦非无因也。
味甘，平。主五脏邪气，安志厌食。久服，强魂、聪明、轻身、不老，通神明。一名益
智。生山谷。
《吴普》曰∶龙眼，一名益智。《要术》∶一名比目（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶其大者，似槟榔。生南海松树上。五月采，阴干。
案∶《广雅》云∶益智，龙眼也。刘达注《吴都赋》云∶龙眼，如荔枝而小，圆如弹丸
，味甘，胜荔枝，苍梧、交址、南海、合浦，皆献之，山中之家亦种之。
味苦，平。主嗔怒邪气，止虚汗、头风，女子阴寒、肿病。一名女萝。生山谷。
《名医》曰∶生熊耳山。
案∶《广雅》云∶女萝，松萝也。《毛诗》云∶茑与女萝。《传》云∶女萝、菟丝，松
萝也。陆玑云∶松萝，自蔓松上，枝正青，与菟丝异。
味苦，寒。主女子崩中下血，腹满汗出，除邪，杀鬼毒、虫注。一名鬼箭。生山谷。
《吴普》曰∶鬼箭，一名卫矛。神农、黄帝、桐君∶苦，无毒。叶，如桃如羽，正月、
二月、七月采，阴干。或生田野（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶生霍山。八月采，阴干。
案∶《广雅》云∶鬼箭，神箭也。陶弘景云∶其茎有三羽，状如箭羽。
【白棘】
味辛，性寒。主治心腹疼痛，痈肿化脓溃烂，具有止痛功效。又名棘针。生长在河流与山谷地带。
《名医别录》记载：又名棘刺。生长在雍州地区。
考证：《说文解字》说：棘，是指丛生在一起的小枣树。《尔雅》说：髦颠棘。孙炎解释说：又名白棘。李当之说：这是酸枣树的刺，现在人们用天门冬的苗来代替它，这不是真正的白棘。考证：《神农本草经》说：天门冬，又名颠勒。“勒”与“棘”读音相近，所以现在人们用此物（天门冬苗）替代，也不是没有原因的。
【益智】
味甘，性平。主治五脏的邪气，安定神志，抑制食欲不振。长期服用，能强健魂魄、使耳聪目明、身体轻盈、延缓衰老，通晓神明。又名益智。生长在山谷地带。
《吴普本草》记载：龙眼，又名益智。《齐民要术》记载：又名比目（见《太平御览》）。
《名医别录》记载：其中较大的果实，形状像槟榔。生长在南海地区的松树上。五月采集，阴干。
考证：《广雅》说：益智，就是龙眼。刘达注释《吴都赋》说：龙眼，比荔枝小，圆得像弹丸，味道甘甜，胜过荔枝，苍梧、交址、南海、合浦等地都进贡这种水果，山中的居民也种植它。
【女萝】
味苦，性平。主治因愤怒产生的邪气，止虚汗、头风痛，治疗女子阴部寒冷及肿胀病症。又名女萝。生长在山谷地带。
《名医别录》记载：生长在熊耳山。
考证：《广雅》说：女萝，就是松萝。《毛诗》说：茑与女萝。《毛传》说：女萝、菟丝，指的就是松萝。陆玑说：松萝，自然攀附在松树上，枝条呈正青色，与菟丝子不同。
【卫矛】
味苦，性寒。主治女子崩中下血（非经期大量出血或经期血量过多），腹部胀满出汗，祛除邪气，杀灭鬼毒、虫注（寄生虫病）。又名鬼箭。生长在山谷地带。
《吴普本草》记载：鬼箭，又名卫矛。神农、黄帝、桐君认为：味苦，无毒。叶子，像桃叶又像羽毛，正月、二月、七月采集，阴干。有的生长在田野中（见《太平御览》）。
《名医别录》记载：生长在霍山。八月采集，阴干。
考证：《广雅》说：鬼箭，就是神箭。陶弘景说：它的茎上有三片羽状突起，形状像箭羽。
[Baiji (White Thorn)]
Taste: Acrid. Nature: Cold. Indications: Heart and abdominal pain, carbuncles and sores with pus discharge, analgesia. Alternative name: Jizhen. Habitat: Rivers and valleys.
*Bencao Mingyi Lu* records: Also known as Jici. Grows in Yongzhou.
Textual research: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "Ji" refers to small jujube trees growing in clusters. *Erya* mentions "Maodian Ji". Sun Yan explains: Also known as Baiji. Li Dangzhi states: This is the thorn of the sour jujube tree; nowadays people substitute it with the sprouts of *Asparagus cochinchinensis* (Tianmendong), which is not authentic. Research: The *Shennong Bencao Jing* states that Tianmendong is also called Dianle. Since "Le" and "Ji" are phonetically similar, the modern substitution is not without basis.
[Yizhi (Yi Zhi Ren / Alpinia Oxyphylla Fruit)]
Taste: Sweet. Nature: Neutral. Indications: Pathogenic factors in the five zang organs, calming the spirit, suppressing anorexia. Long-term consumption strengthens the soul, improves hearing and vision, lightens the body, prevents aging, and enhances spiritual clarity. Alternative name: Yizhi. Habitat: Valleys.
*Wu Pu Bencao* records: Longyan, also known as Yizhi. *Qimin Yaoshu* records: Also known as Bimu (cited in *Taiping Yulan*).
*Bencao Mingyi Lu* records: The larger fruits resemble Areca nut. Grows on pine trees in the Nanhai region. Harvested in May, dried in the shade.
Textual research: *Guangya* states: Yizhi is Longyan. Liu Da, annotating *Wu Du Fu*, states: Longyan is smaller than lychee, round like a bullet, sweet in taste, surpassing lychee. It was offered as tribute from Cangwu, Jiaozhi, Nanhai, and Hepu, and cultivated by mountain dwellers.
[Nuoluo (Drooping Moss)]
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Neutral. Indications: Pathogenic factors arising from anger, stopping spontaneous sweating, treating cephalalgia due to wind, female genital coldness, and swelling disorders. Alternative name: Nuoluo. Habitat: Valleys.
*Bencao Mingyi Lu* records: Grows in Xiong'er Mountain.
Textual research: *Guangya* states: Nuoluo is Songluo (Drooping Moss). *Mao Shi* states: "Niao and Nuoluo." The *Mao Zhuan* commentary states: Nuoluo and Tusisi refer to Songluo. Lu Ji states: Songluo naturally climbs on pines, its branches are bright green, distinct from Tusisi (Cuscuta chinensis).
[Weimao (Euonymus Alatus)]
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Cold. Indications: Metrorrhagia and metrorrhaxis in women, abdominal fullness with sweating, expelling pathogenic factors, eliminating ghost toxins and parasitic diseases. Alternative name: Guijian. Habitat: Valleys.
*Wu Pu Bencao* records: Guijian, also known as Weimao. Shennong, Huangdi, and Tongjun state: Bitter, non-toxic. Leaves resemble peach leaves and feathers. Harvested in the first, second, and seventh lunar months, dried in the shade. Some grow in fields (cited in *Taiping Yulan*).
*Bencao Mingyi Lu* records: Grows in Huo Mountain. Harvested in the eighth lunar month, dried in the shade.
Textual research: *Guangya* states: Guijian is Shenjian. Tao Hongjing states: Its stems have three wing-like projections, resembling arrow feathers.