味甘，平。主补中养神，益气力，除百疾。久服，轻身、耐老、不饥、延年。
一名水芝丹。生池泽。
《名医》曰∶一名莲。生汝南。八月采。
案∶《说文》云∶藕，夫渠根；莲，夫渠之实也；茄，夫渠茎。《尔雅》云∶荷，芙
渠。郭璞云∶别名芙蓉，江东呼荷；又其茎茄；其实莲。郭璞云∶莲，谓房也，又其根
，藕。
味甘，平。主心腹邪气，安中养脾，肋十二经，平胃气，通九窍，补少气、少津液、身
中不足，大惊，四肢重，和百药。久服，轻身、长年。叶覆麻黄，能令出汗。生平泽。
《吴普》曰∶枣主调中，益脾气，令人好颜色，美志气（《大观本草》引《吴氏本草》）。
《名医》曰∶一名干枣，一名美枣，一名良枣。八月采，曝干。生河东。
案∶《说文》云∶枣，羊枣也。《尔雅》云∶遵羊枣。郭璞云∶实小而圆，紫黑色，今
俗呼之为羊矢枣。又洗大枣。郭璞云∶今河东猗氏县出大枣也，如鸡卵。
味甘，平。主筋骨湿痹，益气、倍力、强志，令人肥健、耐饥、忍风寒。久食，轻身、
不老、延年。可作酒。生山谷。
《名医》曰∶生陇西五原敦煌。
案∶《史纪·大宛列传》云∶大宛左右，以葡萄为酒，汉使取其实来，于是天子始种苜
蓿、葡萄，肥饶也，或疑《本经》不合有葡萄，《名医》所增，当为黑字。然《周礼》场
人云∶树之果 ，珍异之物。郑玄云∶珍异，葡萄、枇杷之属，则古中国本有此，大宛种类
殊常，故汉特取来植之。旧作葡，据《史记》作蒲。
【藕实茎】
味甘，性平。主要功效为补益中气、调养神志，增强体力，祛除各种疾病。长期服用，可使身体轻盈、延缓衰老、减少饥饿感、延长寿命。
又名水芝丹。生长于池塘沼泽之中。
《名医别录》记载：又名莲。产于汝南地区。八月采集。
考证：《说文解字》说：藕，是夫渠的根；莲，是夫渠的果实；茄（jiā），是夫渠的茎。《尔雅》说：荷，即芙渠。郭璞注释说：别名芙蓉，江东地区称其为荷；又其茎称为茄；其果实称为莲。郭璞又说：莲，指的是莲房，又其根称为藕。
【大枣】
味甘，性平。主要功效为驱除心腹部的邪气，安定中焦、滋养脾脏，疏通十二经脉，调和胃气，通利九窍，补充元气不足、津液亏少以及身体虚弱，缓解因大惊引起的症状，消除四肢沉重感，调和各种药物。长期服用，可使身体轻盈、长寿。若用叶子覆盖在麻黄上，能促使出汗。生长于平原沼泽地带。
《吴普本草》记载：枣主要调理中气，补益脾气，使人面色红润，精神愉快（《大观本草》引用《吴氏本草》）。
《名医别录》记载：又名干枣，又名美枣，又名良枣。八月采集，晒干。产于河东地区。
考证：《说文解字》说：枣，即羊枣。《尔雅》说：遵即羊枣。郭璞注释说：果实小而圆，紫黑色，现在俗称为羊矢枣。又有洗大枣。郭璞注释说：现在河东猗氏县出产的大枣，大小如鸡蛋。
【葡萄】
味甘，性平。主要功效为治疗筋骨风湿痹痛，益气、增加力气、坚定意志，使人肌肉丰满健壮、耐饥、抵御风寒。长期食用，可使身体轻盈、不老、延年益寿。可用来酿酒。生长于山谷之中。
《名医别录》记载：产于陇西、五原、敦煌。
考证：《史记·大宛列传》记载：大宛国左右地区，用葡萄酿酒，汉朝使者取其果实带回，于是天子开始种植苜蓿、葡萄，土地肥沃。有人怀疑《神农本草经》中不应有葡萄，认为是《名医别录》所增，应当是后加的墨迹。然而《周礼·场人》说：种植果树，珍异之物。郑玄注释说：珍异之物，包括葡萄、枇杷之类，那么古代中国本来就有此物，只是大宛的品种特别优良，所以汉朝特意取来种植。旧本作“葡”，据《史记》改为“蒲”。
[Oufu Jing / Lotus Stem]
The flavor is sweet, and the nature is neutral. It primarily tonifies the middle jiao (middle energizer), nourishes the spirit (Shen), enhances qi and strength, and eliminates various diseases. Long-term consumption makes the body light, delays aging, reduces hunger, and prolongs life.
It is also known as Shuizhi Dan (Water Mushroom Pill). It grows in ponds and marshes.
*Names of Famous Physicians* states: Also known as Lian (Lotus). Grows in Runan. Harvested in August.
Research: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: Ou (lotus root) is the root of Fuqu; Lian (lotus seed) is the fruit of Fuqu; Qie (lotus stem) is the stem of Fuqu. *Erya* states: He is Fuqu. Guo Pu comments: Also named Furong; in the Jiangdong region, it is called He; its stem is called Qie; its fruit is called Lian. Guo Pu further states: Lian refers to the lotus pod, and its root is Ou.
[Dazao / Jujube]
The flavor is sweet, and the nature is neutral. It primarily expels pathogenic factors from the heart and abdomen, stabilizes the middle jiao, nourishes the spleen, unblocks the twelve meridians, harmonizes stomach qi, opens the nine orifices, supplements deficiency of qi and fluids, addresses bodily weakness, alleviates symptoms caused by great fright, removes heaviness in the four limbs, and harmonizes various medicinal herbs. Long-term consumption makes the body light and promotes longevity. If leaves are covered over Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba), it induces sweating. It grows in plains and marshes.
*Wu Pu's Materia Medica* states: Zao primarily regulates the middle jiao, benefits spleen qi, improves complexion, and enhances morale (*Da Guan Bencao* cites *Wushi Bencao*).
*Names of Famous Physicians* states: Also known as Gan Zao (dried jujube), Mei Zao (beautiful jujube), Liang Zao (good jujube). Harvested in August, dried in the sun. Grows in Hedong.
Research: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: Zao is Yang Zao. *Erya* states: Zun is Yang Zao. Guo Pu comments: The fruit is small and round, purple-black, commonly called Yangshi Zao (sheep-dung jujube) today. There is also Xi Dazao (washed large jujube). Guo Pu comments: Large jujubes produced in Yishi County, Hedong, are the size of chicken eggs.
[Puta / Grape]
The flavor is sweet, and the nature is neutral. It primarily treats bi-syndrome (painful obstruction syndrome) of the sinews and bones due to wind-dampness, tonifies qi, increases strength, strengthens willpower, makes the person robust and strong,耐饥 (endures hunger), and withstands wind-cold. Long-term consumption makes the body light, prevents aging, and prolongs life. It can be used to make wine. It grows in valleys and mountains.
*Names of Famous Physicians* states: Grows in Longxi, Wuyuan, and Dunhuang.
Research: *Records of the Grand Historian: Biography of Dayuan* states: In the regions around Dayuan, wine was made from grapes. Han envoys brought back their fruits, so the Emperor began planting alfalfa and grapes there, where the land was fertile. Some doubt that *Shennong Bencao Jing* should contain grapes, suggesting they were added by *Names of Famous Physicians* and should be marked as later additions. However, *Rites of Zhou - Changren* states: Planting fruits, rare and precious items. Zheng Xuan comments: Rare and precious items include grapes and loquats, indicating that ancient China originally had these, but the varieties from Dayuan were exceptional, hence specifically imported for cultivation. The old text uses "Pu", which is corrected to "Pu" based on *Records of the Grand Historian*.