味辛，平。主伤寒烦热，淋沥，邪气，疝瘕，喉痹，乳难，金创，风痉。一名空草。
《名医》曰∶一名药实，一名苦花，一名苦菜，一名商（ 字）草，一名勤母。生晋地。
十月采根，曝干。
案∶《说文》云∶ ，贝母也。《广雅》云∶贝父，药实也。《尔雅》云∶ ，贝母。
郭璞云∶根如小贝，圆而白花，叶似韭。《毛诗》云∶言采其虻。《传》云∶虻，贝母也。
陆玑云∶其叶如栝蒌而细小，其子在根下如芋子，正白，四方连累相着有分解也。
味辛，温。主女人漏下赤白，血闭，阴肿，寒热，风头侵目泪出。长肌肤，润泽，可作
面脂。一名芳香。生川谷。
《吴普》曰∶白芷，一名 ，一名苻离，一名泽芬，一名 （《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶一名白芷，一名 ，一名莞，一名苻离，一名泽芬。叶，一名 麻，可作
浴汤。生河东下泽。二月、八月采根，曝干。
案∶《说文》云，芷， 也； ，楚谓之篱，晋谓之 ，齐谓之芷。《广雅》云∶白芷
，其叶谓之药。《西山经》云∶号山，其草多药 。郭璞云∶药，白芷别名； ，香草也。
《淮南子·修务训》云∶身苦秋药被风。高诱云∶药，白芷，香草也。王逸注《楚词》云∶
药，白芷。按∶《名医》一名莞云云，似即《尔雅》莞，苻离，其上鬲。而《说文》别有
，夫离也。 ，夫蓠上也。是非一草。舍人云∶白蒲，一名苻离，楚谓之莞，岂蒲与芷相似
，而《名医》误合为一乎。或《说文》云∶楚谓之蓠，即夫篱也，未可得详。旧作芷，非。
【贝母】
味辛，性平。主治伤寒引起的烦热、淋证（小便淋漓涩痛）、邪气侵袭、疝瘕（腹内结块）、喉痹（咽喉肿痛闭塞）、乳汁不通、金创（金属利器造成的创伤）以及风痉（因风邪引起的抽搐痉挛）。又名空草。
《名医别录》记载：又名药实、苦花、苦菜、商草、勤母。产于晋地。
十月采集根部，晒干。
考证：《说文解字》说：“虻，是贝母。”《广雅》说：“贝父，即药实。”《尔雅》说：“虻，是贝母。”
郭璞注释说：根部像小贝壳，圆形且开白花，叶子像韭菜。《毛诗》说：“去采摘它的虻。”《传》注说：“虻，就是贝母。”
陆玑注释说：它的叶子像栝蒌但较小，种子在根下像芋头子，纯白色，四方相连累赘附着，有分解的形态。
【白芷】
味辛，性温。主治妇女漏下赤白带下、血闭（经血不通）、阴肿（外阴肿胀）、寒热往来、风头受侵导致的眼泪流出。能生长肌肤，滋润光泽，可制作面脂（化妆品）。又名芳香。产于川谷地区。
《吴普本草》记载：白芷，又名[缺字]、苻离、泽芬、[缺字]（据《太平御览》）。
《名医别录》记载：白芷，又名[缺字]、莞、苻离、泽芬。叶，又名[缺字]麻，可用来煮洗澡水。产于河东低湿之地。二月、八月采集根部，晒干。
考证：《说文解字》说：“芷，是[缺字]；[缺字]，楚地叫它篱，晋地叫它[缺字]，齐地叫它芷。”《广雅》说：“白芷，其叶叫做药。”《西山经》说：“号山，那里的草多药[缺字]。”郭璞注释说：“药，是白芷的别名；[缺字]，是香草。”《淮南子·修务训》说：“身体苦于秋药被风吹袭。”高诱注释说：“药，是白芷，是香草。”王逸注释《楚辞》说：“药，是白芷。”按：《名医别录》中说“一名莞”，似乎就是《尔雅》中的“莞，苻离，其上鬲”。而《说文解字》另有“[缺字]，夫离也。[缺字]，夫蓠上也。”这说明它们不是同一种草。舍人注释说：“白蒲，一名苻离，楚地叫它莞。”难道是蒲与芷相似，而《名医别录》误将它们合为一物吗？或者《说文解字》说的“楚谓之蓠”，就是夫篱，无法详细考证。旧本作“芷”，是不对的。
[Beimu (Fritillariae Bulbus)]
Pungent in flavor, neutral in nature. It primarily treats vexatious heat caused by Shanghan (Cold Damage syndrome), strangury (dysuria with dribbling), pathogenic factors, hernia and jia (abdominal masses), throat bi (sore throat with obstruction), difficulty in lactation, metal wounds, and wind-induced spasms. Also known as Kongcao.
*The Divine Farmer's Materia Medica* states: Also known as Yaoshi, Kuhua, Kucai, Shangcao, and Qinmu. Grows in the region of Jin.
Roots are harvested in the tenth month and dried in the sun.
Research notes: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "Meng is Beimu." *Guaya* states: "Beifu is Yaoshi." *Erya* states: "Meng is Beimu."
Guo Pu comments: The root resembles a small shell, round with white flowers; the leaves resemble leeks. *Mao Shi* states: "Gathering its Meng." The commentary states: "Meng is Beimu."
Lu Ji comments: Its leaves are like those of Trichosanthes kirilowii but smaller; its seeds are under the root like taro tubers, pure white, connected in four directions, adhering to each other with distinct separation.
[Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix)]
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature. It primarily treats leukorrhea (red and white discharge) in women, blood obstruction (amenorrhea), genital swelling, alternating chills and fever, and tearing due to wind invading the head. It promotes skin growth, provides moisture and luster, and can be used to make facial cosmetics. Also known as Fangxiang. Grows in river valleys.
*Wu Pu's Materia Medica* states: Baizhi, also known as [missing character], Fuli, Zefen, and [missing character] (according to *Taiping Yulan*).
*The Divine Farmer's Materia Medica* states: Baizhi, also known as [missing character], Guan, Fuli, and Zefen. The leaves, also known as [missing character] ma, can be used for bathing decoctions. Grows in low-lying damp areas of Hedong. Roots are harvested in the second and eighth months and dried in the sun.
Research notes: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "Zhi is [missing character]; [missing character] is called Li in Chu, [missing character] in Jin, and Zhi in Qi." *Guaya* states: "Baizhi, its leaves are called Yao." *Western Mountains Classic* states: "Hao Mountain, where the grass is mostly Yao [missing character]." Guo Pu comments: "Yao is an alias for Baizhi; [missing character] is a fragrant herb." *Huainanzi · Xiuwu Xun* states: "The body suffers from autumn Yao being exposed to wind." Gao You comments: "Yao is Baizhi, a fragrant herb." Wang Yi annotates *Chu Ci*: "Yao is Baizhi." According to research: The statement in *The Divine Farmer's Materia Medica* "also known as Guan" seems to refer to "Guan, Fuli, its upper part is Ge" in *Erya*. However, *Shuowen Jiezi* separately mentions "[missing character], Fu Li. [missing character], Fu Li above." This indicates they are not the same plant. She Ren annotates: "Bai Pu, also known as Fuli, called Guan in Chu." Could it be that Pu and Zhi are similar, and *The Divine Farmer's Materia Medica* erroneously merged them? Or perhaps what *Shuowen Jiezi* calls "Li in Chu" is indeed Fu Li, which cannot be detailed further. The old text reads "Zhi," which is incorrect.