厥者四肢厥冷逆者气血逆乱夫人厥则阳气并于上阴气并于下生气通天论曰阳气者烦劳则
张精
绝辟积于夏使人煎厥大怒则形气绝而血菀于上使人薄厥大奇论曰脉至如喘名曰暴厥厥逆一症
内经特重而详言之如云卒厥暴厥皆厥逆之总名也如云寒厥热厥分厥逆之阴阳也连经连脏论厥
逆之生死也再若诸经脏腑之辨又极明显后世又有气厥血厥酒厥痰厥色厥食厥无非本之经义仲
景伤寒论厥逆与内经有异脏厥蛔厥皆伤寒症也内经之厥重在元气故热厥当补阴寒厥当
补阳伤
寒之厥辨在邪气故寒厥宜温热厥可攻也二者不可不察至若尸厥一症乃外邪卒中之恶候凡四时
不正之气及山魔土煞五尸魇魅之属皆是也犯之者忽然手足厥冷肌肤寒栗面目青黑精神不守或
口噤妄言痰涎壅塞或头旋运倒不省人事即名飞尸卒厥宜用针法若用艾灸则莫如秦承祖灸鬼法
及华陀救阳脱法为妙
厥冷逆
气海 肾俞 肝俞 阳溪 人中 膻中 百会
一法以绳围男左女右臂腕将绳从大椎向下度至脊中绳头尽处是穴灸二十一壮 尸厥灸此
尸厥卒倒气脱
百会 人中 合谷 间使 气海 关元
扁鹊治虢太子疾取三阳五会更熨两胁下即苏
肾厥头痛筋挛不嗜卧
关元(灸百壮)
卒忤
肩井 巨关 水沟(小炷三壮) 神门(小炷三壮) 又灸中恶等症(其穴在乳后三寸男左
女右灸之)
阴厥胫直
照海 阳陵泉
鬼魅狐惑
鬼哭穴 取将手两大指相并缚定用艾炷于两甲角反甲后肉四处骑缝着火灸之则患者哀告
我自去为效
面青腹痛呕吐泻利舌卷囊缩手指甲唇青心下结硬胀满冷汗不止四体如冰厥逆昏沉不
省人事脉伏绝者
气海 穴在脐下一寸五分 丹田 穴在脐下二寸 关元 穴在脐下三寸 用大艾炷灸二
七壮得手足温暖脉至知人事无汗要有汗出即生不暖不省脉不至者死
中暑神昏
症见卒倒无知名曰暑风大率有虚实两途实者痰之实也平素积痰充满经络一旦感召盛暑痰
阻其
气卒倒流涎此湿 合病之最剧者也宜先吐其痰后清其暑犹易为也虚者阳之虚也平素阳气衰微
不振阴寒久已用事一旦感召盛暑邪凑其虚此湿 病得自虚寒者也宜回阳药中兼清其暑最难为
也丹溪谓夏令火盛之时烁石流金何阴寒之有此其见偏主于热治宜清凉灸法似不可用然亦不尽
然也天有非时之气人即有非时之病如夏行秋令冬行春令寒时得热症热时得寒症往往有之况盛
暑之气外阳而内阴中之者卒暴面垢冷汗出手足微冷或吐或泻或喘或满甚至不省人事宜灸
百会 中脘 三里 脾俞 合谷 人中 阴谷 三阴交
冒暑霍乱
百劳 委中 合谷 曲池 三里 十宣
厥证是指四肢逆冷，其病机在于气血运行逆乱。《素问·生气通天论》记载：“阳气者，烦劳则张”，若精气耗竭，积郁于夏季，会导致煎厥；大怒则导致形体与气机隔绝，血液郁积于上部，引发薄厥。《素问·大奇论》记载：脉象急促如喘息的，称为暴厥。“厥逆”这一病症，《黄帝内经》特别重视并详细论述。例如，“卒厥”和“暴厥”都是厥逆的总称；“寒厥”和“热厥”分别区分了厥逆的阴阳属性；通过讨论是否连及经络和脏腑来判断厥逆的生死预后。此外，对于各经和各脏腑的辨别也非常明确。后世又发展出气厥、血厥、酒厥、痰厥、色厥、食厥等，这些无不基于《内经》的理论基础。
张仲景在《伤寒论》中论述的厥逆与《内经》有所不同。脏厥和蛔厥都属于伤寒病症。《内经》所论之厥重在元气，因此热厥应当补阴，寒厥应当补阳。而《伤寒论》所辨之厥侧重于邪气，所以寒厥适宜用温热法，热厥可用攻下法。这两者不可不仔细分辨。至于尸厥一症，是外邪突然侵袭的危重证候。凡是四时不正之气，以及山魔、土煞、五尸、魇魅等邪气，都属于此类。患者一旦受犯，会突然手足逆冷，肌肤寒冷战栗，面目青黑，精神不能守舍，或者牙关紧闭胡言乱语，痰涎壅塞，或者头晕跌倒，不省人事。这被称为飞尸或卒厥，适宜使用针法。如果采用艾灸，不如秦承祖的“灸鬼法”和华佗的“救阳脱法”为妙。
治疗厥冷逆气的穴位：气海、肾俞、肝俞、阳溪、人中、膻中、百会。
一种方法是：用绳子围绕男子左侧或女子右侧的手臂腕部，将绳子从大椎穴向下量至脊中，绳头尽头处的穴位进行艾灸，灸二十一壮。此法用于治疗尸厥，即因尸厥突然跌倒导致气脱。
相关穴位：百会、人中、合谷、间使、气海、关元。
扁鹊治疗虢太子的疾病，取三阳五会更替熨烫两胁下，太子随即苏醒。
治疗肾厥引起的头痛、筋脉拘挛、不愿卧床：
关元穴（灸一百壮）。
治疗卒忤（突然受惊或中恶）：
肩井、巨阙、水沟（用小艾炷灸三壮）、神门（用小艾炷灸三壮）。另外，灸治中恶等症（穴位在乳头后方三寸，男子取左侧，女子取右侧施灸）。
治疗鬼魅狐惑（精神异常或怪病）：
鬼哭穴。方法是将两手的大拇指并拢捆定，用艾炷在两指甲角后方甲根后肉际的四缝处骑缝施火灸，则患者会哀告说“我自己走了”，以此作为见效的标志。
症状见面色青紫、腹痛、呕吐、腹泻、舌卷缩、囊缩、手指甲及嘴唇发青、心下结硬胀满、冷汗不止、四肢冰冷、厥逆昏沉不省人事、脉象伏绝者：
气海穴（位于脐下一寸五分）、丹田穴（位于脐下二寸）、关元穴（位于脐下三寸）。使用大艾炷灸十四壮。若得手足温暖、脉搏恢复、意识清醒，且无汗或有汗出即可生还；若手足不暖、意识不清、脉搏不至，则为死证。
中暑导致的神志昏迷：
症状表现为突然跌倒不知人，称为暑风。大体上有虚实两种途径。实证是痰之实，平时体内积痰充满经络，一旦感受盛暑，痰阻气机，突然跌倒流涎，这是湿邪与暑邪合病中最剧烈的情况。适宜先吐出其痰，后清其暑，相对容易治疗。虚证是阳之虚，平时阳气衰微不振，阴寒久已占据主导，一旦感受盛暑，邪气乘虚而入，这是湿邪致病源于虚寒的情况。适宜在回阳药物中兼清其暑，最难治疗。丹溪认为夏令火盛之时，石头都能烧焦，流水都能沸腾，怎么会有阴寒呢？他的见解偏重于热证，治疗适宜清凉之法，似乎不可用灸法，但也不尽然。天有非时的气候，人就有非时的疾病。如夏天行秋令，冬天行春令，寒时得热症，热时得寒症，往往都有发生。况且盛暑之气，外表阳热而内部阴寒，其中邪者突然发病，面色垢浊，冷汗出手，手足微冷，或者呕吐或者腹泻，或者气喘或者胀满，甚至不省人事。适宜灸百会、中脘、三里、脾俞、合谷、人中、阴谷、三阴交。
Jue syndrome refers to coldness and reversal of the four limbs, with its pathogenesis lying in the counterflow disorder of Qi and Blood. The *Su Wen: Sheng Qi Tong Tian Lun* states: "When Yang Qi is subjected to excessive fatigue, it becomes hyperactive." If essence and Qi are exhausted and accumulate during summer, it leads to Jian Jue (Frying Jue); severe anger causes the separation of form and Qi, with blood stagnating in the upper body, leading to Bo Jue (Thinning Jue). The *Su Wen: Da Qi Lun* states: When the pulse is rapid like panting, it is called Bao Jue (Sudden Jue). The condition of "Jue Ni" (Reversal Jue) is particularly emphasized and detailed in the *Huang Di Nei Jing*. For instance, "Zu Jue" (Sudden Jue) and "Bao Jue" are general terms for Jue Ni; "Han Jue" (Cold Jue) and "Re Jue" (Heat Jue) distinguish the Yin and Yang attributes of Jue Ni; discussing whether it involves meridians and zang-fu organs helps determine the prognosis of life or death. Furthermore, the differentiation among various meridians and zang-fu organs is very clear. Later generations developed Qi Jue, Xue Jue, Jiu Jue (Alcohol Jue), Tan Jue (Phlegm Jue), Se Jue (Sexual Jue), and Shi Jue (Food Jue), all of which are based on the theoretical foundation of the *Nei Jing*.
Zhang Zhongjing’s discussion of Jue Ni in the *Shang Han Lun* differs from that in the *Nei Jing*. Zang Jue (Viscera Jue) and Hui Jue (Roundworm Jue) both belong to Shang Han (Cold Damage) syndromes. The Jue discussed in the *Nei Jing* focuses on Yuan Qi (Original Qi); therefore, Re Jue should be treated by tonifying Yin, and Han Jue by tonifying Yang. In contrast, the Jue differentiated in the *Shang Han Lun* focuses on pathogenic factors; thus, Han Jue is suitable for warming methods, while Re Jue can be treated with purgative methods. These two must not be confused. As for Shi Jue (Corpse Jue), it is a critical condition caused by sudden invasion of external pathogens. This includes improper Qi of the four seasons, as well as mountain demons, earth spirits, Wu Shi (Five Corpse Poisons), and yin charms. Upon infection, patients suddenly experience coldness and reversal of the limbs, cold and shivering skin, blue-black complexion, loss of mental control, clenched jaws with delirious speech, phlegm-saliva obstruction, dizziness, falling, and unconsciousness. This is called Fei Shi (Flying Corpse) or Zu Jue, and acupuncture is appropriate. If moxibustion is used, Qin Chengzu’s "Moxa Ghost Method" and Hua Tuo’s "Rescuing Yang Collapse Method" are considered optimal.
Acupoints for treating coldness and reversal of Qi: Qihai (CV 6), Shenshu (BL 23), Ganshu (BL 18), Yangxi (LI 5), Renzhong (GV 26), Danzhong (CV 17), Baihui (GV 20).
One method: Use a string to measure around the left arm of males or the right arm of females at the wrist. Extend the string downward from Dazhui (GV 14) to the middle of the spine. The point where the end of the string falls is the target acupoint. Moxibustion of 21 cones is applied here. This treats Shi Jue due to sudden collapse and Qi collapse.
Related acupoints: Baihui (GV 20), Renzhong (GV 26), Hegu (LI 4), Jianshi (PC 5), Qihai (CV 6), Guanyuan (CV 4).
Bian Que treated the illness of the Crown Prince of Guo by applying alternating hot compresses to the lower sides of the ribs after selecting points from the Three Yang and Five Hui, resulting in immediate recovery.
For Kidney Jue causing headache, tendon spasm, and aversion to lying down:
Guanyuan (CV 4) [Moxibustion 100 cones].
For Su Wu (Sudden Fright/Infestation):
Jianjing (GB 21), Juque (CV 14), Shuigou/Govind (GV 26) [Small cone, 3 cones], Shenmen (HT 7) [Small cone, 3 cones]. Additionally, for Zhong E (Infestation by Evil) and similar conditions [The acupoint is located three cun behind the nipple, left side for males, right side for females].
For Yin Jue causing straightening of the calves:
Zhaohai (KI 6), Yanglingquan (GB 34).
For Gui Mei Hu Huo (Spirit Possession/Delirium):
Gui Ku (Extra Point). Method: Bind the thumbs of both hands together. Place moxa cones on the four fleshy areas behind the nail angles of the thumbs, straddling the seams. Fire them. The patient will reportedly say "I am leaving myself," indicating efficacy.
Symptoms include cyanotic face, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, curled tongue, retracted scrotum, cyanosis of fingernails and lips, hardness and fullness below the heart, incessant cold sweat, ice-cold limbs, Jue Ni coma with unconsciousness, and absent/faint pulse:
Qihai (CV 6) [Located 1.5 cun below the umbilicus], Dantian (CV 4 variant) [Located 2 cun below the umbilicus], Guanyuan (CV 4) [Located 3 cun below the umbilicus]. Apply large moxa cones, 14 cones. If hands and feet become warm, pulse returns, consciousness is restored, and sweating occurs (or no sweat but warmth), survival is possible. If limbs remain cold, consciousness is not restored, and pulse is absent, death ensues.
Heatstroke causing coma:
Symptoms manifest as sudden collapse and loss of consciousness, known as Shu Feng (Summerwind). Generally, there are two pathways: Excess and Deficiency. Excess is Phlegm-Excess. Normally, phlegm fills the meridians; upon contracting intense summer heat, phlegm obstructs Qi, causing sudden collapse and salivation. This is the most severe combination of Dampness and Heat. It is advisable to first induce vomiting to expel phlegm, then clear summer heat, which is relatively easy. Deficiency is Yang-Deficiency. Normally, Yang Qi is weak and Yin-Cold dominates; upon contracting summer heat, pathogens invade the deficiency. This is a Dampness disease originating from Cold-Deficiency. It requires restoring Yang while clearing summer heat, making it difficult to treat. Danxi argued that in midsummer when fire is abundant enough to melt stone and boil metal, how could there be Yin-Cold? His view leans towards Heat, suggesting cooling treatments and implying moxibustion is unsuitable. However, this is not entirely true. Heaven has unseasonal Qi, so humans have unseasonal diseases. Summer may follow Autumn’s climate, Winter may follow Spring’s; Cold symptoms in heat, Heat symptoms in cold often occur. Moreover, Summer Heat is externally Yang but internally Yin. Those infected suffer sudden onset, greasy complexion, cold sweat, slightly cold limbs, vomiting or diarrhea, wheezing or fullness, even unconsciousness. Moxibustion is suitable for Baihui (GV 20), Zhongwan (CV 12), Zusanli (ST 36), Pishu (BL 20), Hegu (LI 4), Renzhong (GV 26), Yinggu (KI 10), Sanyinjiao (SP 6).
Summerheat-induced Cholera:
Bailao (EX-B 3), Weizhong (BL 40), Hegu (LI 4), Quchi (LI 11), Zusanli (ST 36), Shixuan (EX-UE 8).