典藏书目

The human head is like the peak of a mountain; because it stands above all other body parts, it is the convergence point of all Yang meridians. The *Ling Shu* (Spiritual Pivot) states: Ming Tang (the nose) refers to the nose; Que (the space between eyebrows) refers to the area between the eyebrows; Ting (the forehead) refers to the forehead; Fan (the cheek sides) refers to the lateral cheeks; Bi (the ear gate) refers to the tragus area. It also states: Lung Qi connects with the nose; Heart Qi connects with the tongue; Liver Qi connects with the eyes; Spleen Qi connects with the mouth; Kidney Qi connects with the ears. If the Five Zang organs are in disharmony, the Seven Orifices will be blocked. Therefore, any disease or prognosis in humans inevitably manifests on the face. By observing the flourishing and waning, as well as the generating and overcoming relationships of facial colors, one can determine the severity and depth of the disease. The classic text says: If redness appears on the zygomatic arches (cheekbones), large as a thumb, even if the illness is minor and improving, sudden death is certain. If blackness appears on the Tian Ting (forehead center), large as a thumb, sudden death will occur even without apparent illness. The Tian Ting corresponds to the South Fire position, while black corresponds to the North Water color. Water overcoming Fire indicates that the Yang Spirit has already departed from its residence; how can life be sustained? The left zygomatic arch corresponds to the Liver, and the right to the Lungs; the bone structure relates to the Kidney disease. If the illness slightly improves but redness appears on both zygomatic arches, this is "Wood and Fire self-combustion," where Water is exhausted and Metal is scorched, failing internally and manifesting externally. Thus, sudden death is inevitable. If the entire face is red and Qi is excessive, it belongs to Yang syndromes. If only the two zygomatic arches are bright red like fingers or threads, while the rest of the face is not red, it belongs to Yin deficiency. A white complexion indicates Qi deficiency; white mixed with pale yellow and insufficient Qi indicates blood loss. A withered white complexion indicates exhaustion of both Qi and Blood. A bluish-white complexion indicates Yang deficiency and Yin excess. A moist yellow complexion with slight redness indicates Damp-Heat. A yellow complexion mixed with green indicates Wood pathogen invading Earth, which is often untreatable. In chronic illness, if the complexion turns yellowish-gray, recovery is desired. If the complexion remains coal-black and dull in chronic illness, the outcome is ultimately unfavorable.

A bluish-cyan complexion primarily indicates pain. In healthy individuals, a dusty complexion with blue-black discoloration under the eyes suggests impending severe illness. In women, a bluish complexion indicates strong Liver and weak Spleen, with irregular meridians and collaterals. Bright redness on the cheeks of women, named "Peach Blossom Complexion," indicates deficient Fire within Yin, often associated with promiscuity and infertility. These are conditions where the pathology is not in the face itself, but the color manifests upon it. Regarding the head, brain, and seven orifices, each may reveal specific diseases. They are detailed and categorized below:

1. Headache. As stated in the *Nei Jing*, when Qi from the Zang-Fu organs and meridians rebels upward and disrupts the clear pathways of the head, causing True Qi to fail in circulation and stagnating in the meridians, headache occurs. If caused by Wind, there is twitching, aversion to wind, and pain possibly with sweating. If caused by Summer-Heat, there may or may not be sweating, accompanied by aversion to heat and pain. If caused by Dampness, the head feels heavy, worsening on cloudy days. If caused by Phlegm-Fluids, the head feels dizzy and heavy with nausea. If caused by Cold, there is contraction, stiffness, and aversion to cold. Additionally, Qi deficiency headaches worsen with exertion; Blood deficiency headaches are accompanied by palpitations and fright, with a hollow pulse. When diagnosing headache, one must ascertain duration, distinguish exterior/interior, and analyze symptoms carefully, avoiding rigid adherence. In Zhang Zhongjing's *Shang Han Lun* (Treatise on Cold Damage), only the Three Yang meridians present with headache, and the Jue Yin meridian also presents with headache, whereas Tai Yang and Shao Yin do not. Each meridian has specific pain locations: Tai Yang pain is at the back, Yang Ming at the front, Shao Yang at the sides. The Jue Yin meridian converges at the vertex, causing vertex pain, which must be distinguished in external contraction cases. For internal injury, all Six Foot meridians and Hand Shao Yin/Shao Yang may be involved, so one should not restrict diagnosis to the Three Yang meridians. Li Dongyuan suffered from headaches in his prime; during attacks, his cheeks turned yellow, he experienced vertigo, reluctance to open his eyes, lethargy in speech, heavy body, and dizziness with nausea, lasting several days. Jiegu Laoren said: This is a combined disease of Jue Yin and Tai Yin, named Wind-Phlegm. Moxibustion was applied to Xiaxi (GB43), 27 moxa cones per side, resulting in cure within ten days.

Head Wind, Vertigo, and Hemicephalic Headache. The *Su Wen* states that headaches and vertex disorders involve Deficiency below and Excess above, affecting Foot Shaoyin and Taiyang, potentially entering the Kidney; or Excess below and Deficiency above, affecting Foot Shaoyang and Jueyin, potentially entering the Liver. Deficiency below is Kidney deficiency, causing headache; Deficiency above is Liver deficiency, causing dizziness. "Xun Meng" describes a sensation as if covered by an object, swaying unsteadily; dizziness, blurred vision, and deafness are all manifestations of vertigo. Wind Qi ascending along Fengfu (GV16) causes Brain Wind. Catching wind after washing hair causes Head Wind. Half-head pain, nasal congestion, loss of smell, clear discharge, and foul odor constitute Hemicephalic Head Wind. The left side relates to Wind and Blood deficiency; the right side relates to Phlegm and Heat. If nodules form during headache with roaring sounds, it is called Thunder Head Wind. Swelling of the head like a bucket is Great Head Wind, indicating epidemic pestilence due to Yang Ming pathogen affecting the head and face. Severe pain at Tian Men radiating to Ni Wan is True Headache, which is fatal and untreatable. If Heart and Liver heat attack the eyes, both head and eyes hurt; similarly, Wind-Phlegm in Chest/Diaphragm attacking upward causes this.

Eyes have distinctions of Five Wheels and Eight Palaces. The Five Wheels correspond to Five Elements: Metal essence forms the Qi Wheel; Wood essence forms the Wind Wheel; Fire essence forms the Blood Wheel; Earth essence forms the Flesh Wheel; Water essence forms the Water Wheel. The Eight Palaces correspond to Eight Trigrams: Qian is in Northwest, connecting to Large Intestine, called Chuan Dao Palace; Kan is in North, connecting to Bladder, called Jin Ye Palace; Gen is in Northeast, connecting to Upper Jiao, called Hui Yin Palace; Zhen is in East, connecting to Gallbladder, called Qing Jing Palace; Xun is in Southeast, connecting to Middle Jiao, called Yang Hua Palace; Li is in South, connecting to Small Intestine, called Bao Yang Palace; Kun is in Southwest, connecting to Stomach, called Shui Gu Palace; Dui is in West, connecting to Lower Jiao, called Guan Quan Palace. This system complements the *Nei Jing*. Pathogens striking the neck, exploiting body deficiency, penetrate deeply via the eye system into the brain. Brain rotation pulls the eye system tight, causing dizziness and spinning. The *Mai Du Pian* states: If Qiao Mai Qi fails to nourish, the eyes cannot close. The *Jue Qi Pian* states: If Qi escapes, vision is unclear. Eye pain with red vessels in the white sclera follows Yang principles; black pupil follows Yin principles. Wind-Heat attacking upward causes Yang syndromes with redness, swelling, and membrane formation. Internal damage to Essence/Qi causes Yin syndromes with blurry, dry, dizzy vision, potentially leading to internal cataracts. Qing Mang (Green Blindness) differs from internal cataracts; it lacks redness, swelling, pain, or membranes, presenting only as inability to see. It results from depression of the profound sources of the Six Fu organs, blocking spiritual brightness, causing loss of spirit and Gallbladder astringency. Patients appear normal with clear pupils but effectively have no sight. Hence, it is called Qing Mang.迎风赤烂眼 (Wind-facing Red Rot Eye) shows redness and erosion when exposed to wind, absent otherwise, differing from deep Splein meridian involvement in wind-strum red rot. For treating eye diseases, Zhang Jingyue recorded the best acupoints for moxibustion.

Deafness. Causes include Fire from various meridians blocking clear pathways; anger/depression causing Liver/Gallbladder Qi rebellion; Wind-Cold exterior invasion disrupting Ying/Wei; shock damaging orifices causing closure; chronic otorrhea destroying the orifice; or old age, post-illness, or overexertion. Differentiate between Meridian and Zang involvement. Acute deafness in meridians is easy to treat; chronic deafness in Zang organs is difficult.

Nose is the orifice of the Lung. Internal emotional depression, external six climatic pathogens, or diet/labor fatigue cause Lung Qi stagnation, blocking clear pathways. Nasal polyps, foul-smelling and painful, arise from Yang Ming stagnation. The classic states: Gallbladder heat transferring to the brain causes nasal burning and rhinorrhea (Bi Yuan). Bi Yuan involves continuous thick discharge, also known as Brain Leak. Early treatment is essential; delayed treatment is difficult.

Teeth and Gums. Upper teeth belong to Foot Yang Ming; lower teeth to Hand Yang Ming. Toothache from Damp-Heat accumulating in intestines/stomach and rising; toothache from parasites generated by rich food/Damp-Heat eroding teeth; Kidney deficiency toothache originates in the Zang, not meridians ("Kidney decline leads to loose teeth; Essence firmness leads to solid teeth"). Bleeding gums usually indicate Stomach Fire, but may also result from Yin deficiency below repelling Yang above; misdiagnosing as Fire leads to death.

Cheeks and Lips. Cheeks relate to Hand/Foot Shaoyang, Sanjiao, Gallbladder, Hand Taiyang, Small Intestine, Foot Yang Ming, Stomach, and Foot Jueyin Liver. Cheek deviation due to Wind is a Shaoyang disease. Jaw dislocation with inability to close mouth can be treated with alcohol-induced sleep and sneezing using Soap Pod powder. Lip diseases relate to Spleen: dryness from Dryness, cracking from Heat, trembling from Wind, retraction from Cold. Drooping lips indicate Spleen Qi sinking and failure to lift.

Throat and Pharynx. Throat governs Qi intake; Qi transforms via Metal into Dryness. Dryness causes obstruction and insensitivity, termed Bi (obstruction) in the throat. Pharynx governs food intake; transforms via Earth into Dampness. Dampness causes swelling and blockage, termed Zhong (swelling) in the pharynx. Bi implies inability to speak due to celestial Qi blockage. Zhong implies inability to swallow saliva/food due to terrestrial Qi blockage. Throat Herpes (Hou Xuan) involves wandering deficient Fire, severe Yin deficiency, and floating Yang, indicating critical depletion of fluids. Tongue stiffness preventing speech may result from Heat obstruction or post-Shanghan carelessness causing tongue flaccidity. The tongue is the mechanism of voice. External Wind-Cold with internal Fire constraint causes aphonia; internal Qi/Blood deficiency with dry Metal causes hoarseness from chronic cough. Acute aphonia is easy to treat; chronic aphonia is difficult. Screaming, crying, extreme heat drinking cold, or sudden Wind-Cold inhalation require separate consideration.

Stiff Neck. Classics state: All spasms and stiff necks belong to Dampness. Foot Shaoyang meridian enters ear from behind ear, branches to cheek/jaw, descends neck to Qubin. Hand Three Yang meridians connect with ear/cheek. Thus, stiff neck, cheek swelling, and ear pain often stem from pathogens in Three Yang meridians. Neck Fistula involves holes on the neck, with or without swelling/pain, draining fluid or pus/blood, indicating Deficient-Cold or Pathogenic-Heat, to be treated similarly to Scrofula (Luo Li).