前言表里虚实寒热六字。病已尽在其中矣。而表里之中。又有内伤外感之治焉。内伤者里
症也。而有气血痰郁四字之分。外感者表症也。而有风寒暑湿燥火六字之别。再详其治法。
医无余蕴矣。
内伤 一曰气。气虚者四君子汤。若气实而滞者。宜香苏散、平胃散。二曰血。血虚者四物汤。若血实而
凝者。宜手拈散。三曰痰。痰轻者二陈汤、六君子。若顽痰胶固。变生怪症。或停饮膈间。宜滚痰丸、小半夏
加茯苓汤之类。四曰郁。凡喜怒忧思悲恐惊皆能致郁。郁小者越鞠丸、逍遥散。若五郁互结。腹膨肿满。
二便不通。宜神佑丸、承气汤之类。此内伤之治也。
外感 一曰风。真中风是也。非表治中之偶感风寒也。风有中腑中脏中血脉之殊。中腑者与伤寒同。
太阳用加味香苏散。阳明用葛根汤。少阳用小柴胡汤。中脏者眩仆昏冒。痰声如锯。内有热风寒风二
种。热闭则先用搐鼻散。次以牛黄丸灌之。便结胀用三花汤。冷脱则汗珠头摇。以附子理中汤急救之。
或三生饮。中血脉者。口眼 斜。半身不遂。大秦艽汤加竹沥、姜汁、钩藤。二曰寒。伤寒是也。寒在表。则与
风之中腑治同。寒入里。用附子理中汤法。详伤寒论。三曰暑。暑轻者但烦渴。益元散足矣。暑重者汗喘
昏闷。消暑丸灌之。寒包暑者。头痛恶寒而烦渴。四味香薷饮加荆芥、秦艽。若暑天受湿而霍乱。藿香正
气散主之。更有干霍乱症。吐泻不得。俗名绞肠痧。粥饮入口即败。危症也。陈香丸煎汤救之。四曰湿。或
受潮。或食冷。面黄身重。平胃散治之。若黄胆则目溺色黄。茵陈大黄汤、茵陈五苓散、茵陈姜附汤。若发
肿。五苓散、五皮饮。若渗入筋络。肩背臂痛。用秦艽天麻汤、蠲痹汤。五曰燥。此症惟秋冬时久晴有之。而
嗜鸦片者更易犯。其症鼻干口渴咽痛。舌燥目火。便秘干热。不宜发表。宜用生地、天冬、麦冬、花粉、沙参、
元参、归身、梨藕蔗汁之类以润之。六曰火。治法详于前热治中。更审其脏腑。投凉则得矣。然中寒则暴
痛。中暑则猝闷。中湿则痰塞。中火则窍闭。皆能猝然昏倒。非中风而似中风。谓之类中。勿概作中风治。
此外感之治也。
概括表、里、虚、实、寒、热这六个字，疾病的本质就已经包含在其中了。而在表证和里证的范畴内，又分为内伤和外感两种不同的治疗原则。内伤病属于里证，并根据气、血、痰、郁四个方面进行区分；外感病属于表证，并根据风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火六种邪气进行辨别。如果详细阐述这些治疗方法，医者的医术就没有什么遗漏了。
内伤：第一是气。气虚的，用四君子汤。如果是气实且气机阻滞的，适宜用香苏散、平胃散。第二是血。血虚的，用四物汤。如果是血实且血液凝滞的，适宜用手拈散。第三是痰。痰轻浅的，用二陈汤、六君子汤。如果是顽痰胶结固着，变生怪异病症，或者停饮在膈间，适宜用滚痰丸、小半夏加茯苓汤之类的方剂。第四是郁。凡是喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊七情都能导致郁证。郁证轻微的，用越鞠丸、逍遥散。如果是五种郁气互相结聚，腹部膨隆胀满，大小便不通畅，适宜用神佑丸、承气汤之类的方剂。这就是内伤的治疗方法。
外感：第一是风。指的是真中风，不是体表治疗中偶然感受的风寒。风邪有中腑、中脏、中血脉的区别。中腑的，与伤寒治法相同。太阳经病变用加味香苏散。阳明经病变用葛根汤。少阳经病变用小柴胡汤。中脏的，出现眩晕仆倒、昏迷不省人事，喉间痰声如拉锯。体内有热风、寒风两种类型。热闭则先用搐鼻散，随后灌服牛黄丸。大便干结腹胀的用三花汤。冷脱则汗出如珠、头部摇动，用附子理中汤急救。或者用三生饮。中血脉的，出现口眼歪斜、半身不遂，用大秦艽汤加竹沥、姜汁、钩藤。第二是寒。指的是伤寒。寒邪在表，则与风邪中腑的治法相同。寒邪入里，用附子理中汤的方法。详见《伤寒论》。第三是暑。暑邪轻的，只是烦渴，益元散就足够了。暑邪重的，出现出汗、气喘、昏闷，用消暑丸灌服。寒包暑的，头痛、恶寒且烦渴，用四味香薷饮加荆芥、秦艽。如果在暑天受湿而患霍乱，以藿香正气散为主治。更有干霍乱症，想吐泻却不得，俗称绞肠痧，喝粥或水入口即呕吐败坏，这是危重病症，用陈香丸煎汤抢救。第四是湿。或者是受潮，或者是吃生冷食物，面色发黄、身体沉重，用平胃散治疗。如果是黄疸，则眼睛和小便颜色发黄，用茵陈大黄汤、茵陈五苓散、茵陈姜附汤。如果发生浮肿，用五苓散、五皮饮。如果湿气渗入筋络，肩背手臂疼痛，用秦艽天麻汤、蠲痹汤。第五是燥。这种病症只在秋冬季节久晴无雨时出现，而嗜好吸食鸦片的人更容易犯此病。其症状是鼻子干燥、口渴、咽喉痛，舌燥、目赤如火，便秘、干热，不宜使用发汗解表的方法，适宜用地黄、天冬、麦冬、花粉、沙参、玄参、当归身、梨藕蔗汁之类的药物来滋润。第六是火。治疗方法在前面热证治疗中已有详述，再仔细审查其所属脏腑，投用凉性药物即可治愈。然而，中寒则突发剧痛，中暑则突然昏闷，中湿则痰液阻塞，中火则窍穴闭塞，都能导致突然昏倒，这不是中风却像中风，称为类中风，不要一概当作中风来治疗。这就是外感的治疗方法。
Summarizing the six characters of Exterior (Biao), Interior (Li), Deficiency (Xu), Excess (Shi), Cold (Han), and Heat (Re) encompasses the essence of all diseases. Within the categories of Exterior and Interior, there are further distinctions in treatment between Internal Injury (Nei Shang) and External Contraction (Wai Gan). Internal injuries belong to Interior syndromes and are differentiated into four aspects: Qi (Vital Energy), Blood (Xue), Phlegm (Tan), and Stagnation (Yu). External contractions belong to Exterior syndromes and are distinguished by the six pathogenic factors: Wind (Feng), Cold (Han), Summerheat (Shu), Dampness (Shi), Dryness (Zao), and Fire (Huo). If these treatment methods are elaborated in detail, a physician's knowledge will be comprehensive.
Internal Injuries: First is Qi. For Qi deficiency, Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction) is used. If there is Qi excess with stagnation, Xiang Su San (Fragrant Perilla Powder) or Ping Wei San (Calm the Stomach Powder) are appropriate. Second is Blood. For Blood deficiency, Si Wu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) is used. If there is Blood excess with coagulation, Shou Nian San (Hand-Holding Powder) is appropriate. Third is Phlegm. For mild Phlegm, Er Chen Tang (Two Aged Ingredients Decoction) or Liu Jun Zi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction) are used. For stubborn Phlegm that is firmly consolidated, causing strange symptoms, or for retained fluid in the diaphragm, Gun Tan Wan (Rolling Phlegm Pill) or Xiao Ban Xia Jia Fu Ling Tang (Minor Pinellia Decoction plus Poria) are appropriate. Fourth is Stagnation. Joy, anger, worry, thought, sorrow, fear, and fright can all cause Stagnation. For mild Stagnation, Yue Ju Wan (Pill to Resolve Five Stagnations) or Xiao Yao San (Free and Easy Wanderer Powder) are used. If five types of Stagnation interlock, causing abdominal distension and fullness, and obstruction of urination and defecation, Shen You Wan (Divine Aid Pill) or Cheng Qi Tang (Order the Qi Decoction) are appropriate. These are the treatments for internal injuries.
External Contractions: First is Wind. This refers to True Stroke (Zhen Zhong Feng), not merely an occasional exposure to Wind-Cold during exterior treatment. Wind can affect the Collaterals (Fu), Zang organs, or Blood vessels. When affecting the Collaterals, it is treated similarly to Cold Damage (Shang Han). For Tai Yang channel involvement, Jia Wei Xiang Su San (Modified Fragrant Perilla Powder) is used; for Yang Ming channel involvement, Ge Gen Tang (Kudzu Decoction); and for Shao Yang channel involvement, Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction). When affecting the Zang organs, symptoms include dizziness, collapse, coma, and rattling phlegm sounds like sawing. There are two types internally: Hot Closure and Cold Collapse. For Hot Closure, Chu Bi San (Nose-Stimulating Powder) is applied first, followed by灌 administration of Niu Huang Wan (Calculus Bovis Pill). For constipation and abdominal fullness, San Hua Tang (Three Flowers Decoction) is used. For Cold Collapse, characterized by sweat beads on the head and shaking, Fu Zi Li Zhong Tang (Aconite Decoction to Regulate the Middle) is used urgently for rescue, or San Sheng Yin (Three Lives Drink). When affecting the Blood vessels, symptoms include deviation of the mouth and eyes and hemiplegia; Da Qin Jiao Tang (Large Gentian Decoction) plus Zhu Li (Bamboo Sap), Jiang Zhi (Ginger Juice), and Gou Teng (Uncaria) is used. Second is Cold. This refers to Cold Damage. If Cold is in the Exterior, it is treated the same as Wind affecting the Collaterals. If Cold enters the Interior, the method of Fu Zi Li Zhong Tang is used. See *Shang Han Lun* (Treatise on Cold Damage) for details. Third is Summerheat. For mild Summerheat, characterized only by irritability and thirst, Yi Yuan San (Benefit Origin Powder) is sufficient. For severe Summerheat, characterized by sweating, panting, and confusion, Xiao Shu Wan (Summerheat-Relieving Pill) is administered. For Cold enveloping Summerheat, characterized by headache, aversion to cold, and thirst, Si Wei Xiang Ru Yin (Four-Ingredient Elsholtzia Decoction) plus Jing Jie (Schizonepeta) and Qin Jiao (Gentiana Macrophylla) is used. If Dampness is contracted during summer leading to Cholera-like disorder (Huo Luan), Huo Xiang Zheng Qi San (Agastache Powder to Rectify Qi) is the primary treatment. There is also Dry Cholera, where vomiting and diarrhea cannot occur, commonly known as "Intestinal Colic Miasma" (Jiao Chang Sha); any food or drink vomited immediately upon entry is a critical condition, rescued by decocting Chen Xiang Wan (Aged Agarwood Pill). Fourth is Dampness. Whether from damp environment or consuming cold foods, resulting in sallow complexion and heavy body, Ping Wei San is used. If Jaundice occurs, with yellow eyes and urine, Yin Chen Da Huang Tang (Rhubarb Decoction with Capillaris), Yin Chen Wu Ling San (Capillaris Five-Ingredient Powder), or Yin Chen Jiang Fu Tang (Capillaris Ginger and Aconite Decoction) are used. If edema develops, Wu Ling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) or Wu Pi Yin (Five-Peel Decoction) are used. If Dampness penetrates the sinews and collaterals, causing shoulder, back, arm, and pain, Qin Jiao Tian Ma Tang (Gentiana and Gastrodia Decoction) or Juan Bi Tang (Expel Bi Decoction) is used. Fifth is Dryness. This syndrome occurs only in autumn and winter after prolonged clear weather, and those addicted to opium are more susceptible. Symptoms include dry nose, thirst, sore throat, dry tongue, fiery eyes, constipation, and dry heat. Exterior-releasing methods are inappropriate; instead, Di Huang (Rehmannia), Tian Dong (Asparagus Root), Mai Dong (Ophiopogon), Hua Fen (Trichosanthes Root), Sha Shen (Glehnia), Yuan Shen (Scrophularia), Dang Gui Shen (Angelica Sinensis Root), and juices from pear, lotus root, and sugarcane should be used to moisten. Sixth is Fire. Treatment methods are detailed in the preceding section on Heat syndromes; one must examine the affected Zang-Fu organs and administer cooling herbs. However, Cold Strike causes sudden pain, Summerheat Strike causes sudden oppression, Dampness Strike causes phlegm obstruction, and Fire Strike causes orifice closure; all can lead to sudden fainting. This is not Stroke but resembles it, termed False Stroke (Lei Zhong). It should not be uniformly treated as Stroke. These are the treatments for external contractions.