伤寒之症。与春温夏热不同。温热症头痛发热。必不恶寒而口渴。若伤寒则异是。其症由表
而入里。初起时邪在太阳膀胱经。则头痛恶寒发热。脉浮。宜加味香苏散。或桂枝汤、麻黄汤、
柴葛解肌汤。继传阳明胃经。则目痛鼻干。唇焦不渴。宜葛根汤。再传少阳胆经。则目眩耳聋。
胸满胁痛口苦。寒热往来。头汗。脉弦。宜小柴胡汤。此三阳传经之表症也。失治则传入三阴
矣。其传入太阴脾经者。则腹满痛。下利。脉沉。宜大柴胡汤。其传入少阴肾经者。口燥咽干。痛
利清水。目不明。危矣。宜小承气汤、大承气汤。至传入厥阴肝经者。小腹满。舌卷囊缩。厥逆。用
大承气汤。或有得生者。亦有不传三阴而传入太阳膀胱者。则口渴溺赤。宜五苓散。传入阳
明胃腑者。则谵语狂乱。燥渴便闭。转失气。自汗。不得眠。宜白虎汤、调胃承气汤。以上为传经
伤寒。因寒化火也。其有初起寒邪直中三阴者。其症腹冷痛。吐清沫。利清谷。蜷卧肢冷。囊缩
吐蛔。舌黑而润。脉沉细。此寒症也。中太阴脾。理中汤。中少阴肾。四逆汤。中厥阴肝。白通加猪
胆汁汤。急投勿缓。此系医中第一要症。故专论之。
虚劳之症。大症也。固由真阴亏损。虚火铄金而然。而其始大半由于外感。感邪在肺。则作咳
嗽。治失其宜。则咳不已。久咳则伤肺金。金伤不能生水。则肾水日枯。肾火日炽。上灼于肺。再
复嗜色欲受。外邪。以竭其水。而虚劳成矣。间有本元不足。思虑太过。而心血耗。心火旺。肾水
干。肺金痿者。其受病不同。及其成劳一也。此等症多儿吐血痰涌。发热梦遗。经闭。以及肺痿
肺疽。咽痛音哑。侧卧。传尸鬼注诸疾。唯在屏弃一切。不近女色。调饮食。慎风寒。息嗔怒。静养
二三年。服药可。不服药亦可。自然生机徐转。复其天和。非旦夕所能效也。然既有症必有治。
列方备择。仍在其人之能自养耳。
咳嗽初起用止嗽散加苏梗以散之。如或不已。变生虚热者。佐以团鱼丸。若病势渐深。更佐以月华丸。
若吐血。先用四生丸。继用生地黄汤、逍遥散之类。元气虚。五味异功散。如气血虚而发热。八珍汤、人参
养荣汤均可。咽痛。用百药煎散。音哑。用通音煎。如遗精。用秘精丸。经闭。泽兰汤。至五脏虚损。则补天大
造丸。用药之法。不过如斯而已。此症十存一二。其能存者。皆自养之功。非药力也。
伤寒的症状，与春温、夏热不同。温热病出现头痛发热时，一定不恶寒且口渴；如果是伤寒则与此不同。其病症由体表传入体内，初起时邪气在太阳膀胱经，症状表现为头痛、恶寒、发热，脉象浮，适宜使用加味香苏散，或者桂枝汤、麻黄汤、柴葛解肌汤。随后传变至阳明胃经，症状为目痛、鼻干、嘴唇焦裂但不口渴，适宜使用葛根汤。再传变至少阳胆经，症状为目眩、耳聋、胸满胁痛、口苦、寒热往来、头部出汗，脉象弦，适宜使用小柴胡汤。这是三阳经传变的表证。如果失治，则会传入三阴经。传入太阴脾经的，症状为腹部胀满疼痛、腹泻，脉象沉，适宜使用大柴胡汤（注：此处原文逻辑有误，太阴病通常用理中汤类，但依原文翻译）。传入少阴肾经的，症状为口燥咽干、下利清水、视物不明，病情危重，适宜使用小承气汤、大承气汤。至于传入厥阴肝经的，症状为小腹满、舌卷缩、阴囊收缩、四肢厥冷，使用大承气汤。有的可以存活，也有不传入三阴而传入太阳膀胱经的，症状为口渴、小便赤涩，适宜使用五苓散。传入阳明胃腑的，症状为谵语狂乱、燥渴、大便闭塞、转矢气、自汗、无法入睡，适宜使用白虎汤、调胃承气汤。以上属于传经伤寒，是因为寒邪化火所致。
其中有初起时寒邪直接中伤三阴经的，症状为腹部冷痛、呕吐清稀泡沫、下利完谷不化、蜷卧、四肢冰冷、阴囊收缩、吐蛔虫、舌苔黑而湿润、脉象沉细，这是寒证。中伤太阴脾经的，用理中汤；中伤少阴肾经的，用四逆汤；中伤厥阴肝经的，用白通加猪胆汁汤。必须急投药物，不可迟缓。这是医家中的第一重要病症，所以专门论述它。
虚劳的病证，是大症。固然由于真阴亏损，虚火灼伤肺金所致，但其起始大半由于外感。邪气感受在肺，就会引起咳嗽。治疗不当，咳嗽就不会停止。久咳会损伤肺金，肺金受损不能生肾水，导致肾水日益枯竭，肾火日益炽盛，向上灼烧肺脏，再加上贪恋色欲、再次感受外邪，从而耗尽肾水，虚劳就形成了。间或有先天元气不足、思虑过度，导致心血耗损、心火旺盛、肾水干枯、肺金痿弱的。虽然致病原因不同，但形成虚劳是一样的。这类病症多有吐血、痰涌、发热、梦遗、闭经，以及肺痿、肺疽、咽痛音哑、侧卧、传尸鬼注等诸疾。关键在于摒弃一切杂念，不近女色，调理饮食，谨慎风寒，平息嗔怒，静养二三年，服药也可以，不服药也可以。自然生机慢慢恢复，复归天和之气，不是朝夕之间能见效的。然而既然有病必有治法，列出方剂供选择，仍然在于病人能否自我调养。
咳嗽初起用止嗽散加紫苏梗来疏散。如果不止，变生虚热的，辅以团鱼丸。如果病势渐深，更辅以月华丸。如果吐血，先用四生丸，继用生地黄汤、逍遥散之类。元气虚弱，用五味异功散。如果气血虚弱而发热，八珍汤、人参养荣汤都可以。咽痛，用百药煎散。音哑，用通音煎。如果遗精，用秘精丸。闭经，用泽兰汤。到了五脏虚损，就用补天大造丸。用药的方法，不过如此而已。这种病症十人中存一二，能存活的，都是自我调养的功效，不是药力的作用。
The symptoms of Shanghan (Cold Damage) differ from Chunwen (Spring Warmth) and Xiare (Summer Heat). In warm-heat diseases, headache and fever are invariably accompanied by aversion to cold and thirst. If it is Shanghan, the presentation is different. The pathogen enters from the exterior into the interior. At the onset, the pathogen is in the Taiyang Bladder Meridian, presenting with headache, aversion to cold, fever, and a floating pulse. Jiawei Xiangsu San (Modified Elsholtzia and Cyperus Powder), Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction), Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction), or Chaige Jieji Tang (Bupleurum and Pueraria Muscle-Releasing Decoction) are indicated. Subsequently, it transmits to the Yangming Stomach Meridian, presenting with eye pain, dry nose, cracked lips without thirst. Gegen Tang (Kudzu Root Decoction) is indicated. Further transmission to the Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian presents with vertigo, deafness, chest fullness, hypochondriac pain, bitter taste, alternating chills and fever, sweating on the head, and a wiry pulse. Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) is indicated. These are the exterior syndromes of the three Yang meridians' transmission. If untreated, it will transmit to the three Yin meridians. Transmission to the Taiyin Spleen Meridian presents with abdominal fullness and pain, diarrhea, and a deep pulse. Daxiehu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction) is indicated. Transmission to the Shaoyin Kidney Meridian presents with dry mouth and throat, purgation of clear water, and blurred vision; this is critical. Xiao Chengqi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction) and Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) are indicated. Regarding transmission to the Jueyin Liver Meridian, symptoms include lower abdominal fullness, curled tongue, retracted scrotum, and cold extremities. Da Chengqi Tang is used. Some may survive, while others do not transmit to the three Yin but instead transmit back to the Taiyang Bladder Meridian, presenting with thirst and red urine. Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) is indicated. Transmission to the Yangming Stomach Fu-organ presents with delirium, mania, dry thirst, constipation, passing flatus, spontaneous sweating, and insomnia. Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) and Tiaowei Chengqi Tang (Regulate the Stomach Order the Qi Decoction) are indicated. The above constitutes transmitted Shanghan, resulting from cold transforming into fire.
In cases where the initial cold pathogen directly strikes the three Yin meridians, symptoms include cold abdominal pain, vomiting of clear froth, diarrhea of undigested food, curling up in bed, cold limbs, retracted scrotum, vomiting of roundworms, a black and moist tongue coating, and a deep, fine pulse. This is a Cold Syndrome. For direct strike to the Taiyin Spleen, Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) is used. For direct strike to the Shaoyin Kidney, Sini Tang (Frigid Extremities Decoction) is used. For direct strike to the Jueyin Liver, Baitong Zhu Danzhi Tang (Akebia Decoction with Pig Bile) is used. Urgent administration is required without delay. This is the most critical syndrome in medicine, hence it is discussed specifically.
Xu Lao (Deficiency Consumption) is a major syndrome. It is indeed caused by the depletion of True Yin and deficiency fire consuming Lung Metal. However, its onset is largely due to external contraction. When the pathogen affects the Lung, coughing ensues. If treatment is inappropriate, the cough persists. Chronic cough damages Lung Metal; damaged Lung Metal fails to generate Kidney Water, causing Kidney Water to wither daily and Kidney Fire to blaze fiercely, scorching the Lung upwards. Coupled with indulgence in sexual desire and repeated exposure to external pathogens, exhausting the Water essence, Xu Lao is formed. Occasionally, due to congenital insufficiency and excessive mental exertion, Heart Blood is depleted, Heart Fire becomes hyperactive, Kidney Water dries up, and Lung Metal withers. Although the etiology differs, the result is the same: Xu Lao. Such syndromes often involve hemoptysis, phlegm surging, fever, nocturnal emission, amenorrhea, as well as Fei Wei (Lung Flaccidity), Fei Ju (Lung Abscess), sore throat with hoarseness, lateral recumbency, and infectious wasting diseases like Chuanshun Guizhu. The key lies in abandoning all distractions, abstaining from women, regulating diet, guarding against wind and cold, calming anger, and resting quietly for two or three years. Medication may be taken or not; naturally, vital energy will gradually recover, restoring harmony with Heaven. This cannot be achieved overnight. Since there is a disease, there must be a treatment. Prescriptions are listed for selection, but ultimately success depends on the patient's self-care.
For early-stage cough, Zhisou San (Stop Cough Powder) with Su Geng (Perilla Stem) is used to disperse. If it persists and transforms into deficiency heat, Tuan Yu Wan (Softshell Turtle Pill) is added. If the pathology deepens, Yuehua Wan (Moonlight Pill) is added. For hemoptysis, Six Raw Pills (Sisheng Wan) are used first, followed by Sheng Dihuang Tang (Rehmannia Decoction) or Xiaoyao San (Free and Easy Wanderer Powder). For Yuan Qi (Original Qi) deficiency, Wuwei Yigong San (Five-Ingredient Efficacious Academy Powder) is used. For Qi and Blood deficiency with fever, Bazhen Tang (Eight-Treasure Decoction) or Renshen Yangrong Tang (Ginseng Nourishing Vigor Decoction) are suitable. For sore throat, Baiyao Jian San (Hundred-Medicine Infusion Powder) is used. For hoarseness, Tongyin Jian (Voice-Unblocking Infusion) is used. For seminal emission, Mijing Wan (Secret Essence Pill) is used. For amenorrhea, Zelan Tang (Agastache Decoction) is used. For damage to the five Zang organs, Butian Dazao Wan (Heaven-Replenishing Great Creation Pill) is used. The principles of medication are no more than this. Only one or two out of ten patients survive; those who survive do so through self-care, not merely through medicinal power.