夜啼之症有二。一曰脾寒。一曰心热。若仅胃停乳食。则不能安寐而已。不啼也。脾寒者。温其
脾而啼止。藿香和中汤主之。心热者。清其心而啼亦止。导赤散加川连主之。或花火膏亦可。
切勿乱投消痰破气之药。致损真元。
小儿吐泻之症最多。或专吐。或专泻。或吐泻交作。其因伤食而吐泻者。腹必硬。所吐所泻。必
有酸臭气。保和丸消之。因伏暑而吐泻者。小水必不利。必兼烦渴。吐则香薷饮。泻则四苓散
加益元散。或导赤散加川连清之。因受寒而吐泻者。唇舌面色必痿白。口不渴。四肢或冷。此
症易成慢脾。始则平胃散、二陈汤加煨姜。以温其中。继则六君子汤。以补其脾。若虚寒甚。则
附子理中汤。不可稍缓。其因伏火而吐泻者。身必热。唇舌必赤。清中饮导之。火退后。仍宜四
君子汤。以养其脾。盖火吐则乳饮不得入。一入即出。寒吐则乳饮受而后出。此其辨也。然吐
泻久则脾胃必虚。肝木必侮。无论因何而起。凡大吐大泻之后。即有火亦清。有食亦出。速宜
培补脾阳。勿使气脱。
小儿性秉纯阳。不受火迫。一染邪暑。热焰沸张。其症肌热烦躁。口渴唇红。溺涩。急宜香薷饮
调服益元散以解之。且暑中有湿。湿易伤脾。故每作泻利。甚者兼吐。治法详吐泻门。若受暑
风而清涕头痛者。用香薷饮加秦艽、荆芥主之。若热动肝风而发搐厥。宜用清热汤利其暑
热。而风自息。昏闷者。通关散启其嚏。切勿轻用治惊化痰之品。戕其正气。变生他症。
夜啼这一病症主要有两种类型。一种是脾寒，另一种是心热。如果只是胃中停滞了乳食，那么孩子只是无法安睡而已，并不会啼哭。对于脾寒引起的夜啼，通过温补脾脏，啼哭就会停止，主方使用藿香和中汤。对于心热引起的夜啼，通过清泻心火，啼哭也会停止，主方使用导赤散加黄连，或者也可以使用花火膏。千万不要乱用消痰破气的药物，以免损伤人体的真元之气。
小儿出现吐泻的症状最为常见。有的只呕吐，有的只腹泻，有的则呕吐与腹泻交替发作。如果是因伤食导致的吐泻，腹部必然坚硬，所吐出的食物和排泄的大便必然带有酸腐臭味，可用保和丸来消除积滞。如果是因伏暑（暑邪潜伏体内）导致的吐泻，小便必然不通畅，且伴有烦躁口渴。呕吐者用香薷饮治疗，腹泻者用四苓散加益元散治疗，或者用导赤散加黄连来清热。如果是因受寒导致的吐泻，嘴唇、舌头和面色必然呈现萎白之色，口不渴，四肢有时发冷。这种病症容易演变成慢脾风，初期用平胃散、二陈汤加煨姜，以温运中焦；随后用六君子汤，以补益脾气。如果虚寒非常严重，则需用附子理中汤，不可稍有迟缓。如果是因伏火（火热之邪潜伏）导致的吐泻，身体必然发热，嘴唇和舌头必然发红，用清中饮来疏导。火势退去后，仍宜用四君子汤来调养脾胃。大概而言，火邪致吐则乳汁饮食无法进入，一进入即吐出；寒邪致吐则乳汁饮食受纳后才吐出，这是两者的区别。然而，吐泻日久必然导致脾胃虚弱，肝木之气必会乘侮脾土。无论起因如何，凡是大吐大泻之后，即使有火也要先清，有积食也要先消，应迅速培补脾阳，防止气脱。
小儿天性禀赋纯阳，不受火邪逼迫。一旦感染暑邪，热势便会沸腾张扬。症状表现为肌肤发热、烦躁不安、口渴、嘴唇红、小便涩痛，急需用香薷饮调服益元散来解暑。而且暑邪中常夹带湿邪，湿邪容易损伤脾脏，所以常常引发泄泻，严重的兼有呕吐，治疗方法详见“吐泻”章节。如果是感受暑风，出现清鼻涕和头痛，用香薷饮加秦艽、荆芥治疗。如果是热邪引动肝风而出现抽搐、厥逆，宜用清热汤利导暑热，风气自然平息。出现昏闷不醒的，用通关散促其打喷嚏以开窍。千万不要轻易使用治惊化痰的药物，以免伤害正气，变生其他病症。
Night crying is a condition with two main types. One is Spleen Cold (Pi Han), and the other is Heart Heat (Xin Re). If it is merely due to retained milk and food in the Stomach, the child will simply be unable to sleep peacefully, but will not cry. For night crying caused by Spleen Cold, warming the Spleen will stop the crying; Huoxiang Hezhong Tang (Agastache Harmonizing Decoction) is the primary formula. For night crying caused by Heart Heat, clearing the Heart heat will also stop the crying; Daochi San (Guide Out Red Powder) added with Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) is the primary formula, or Huahuo Gao (Flower Fire Paste) may also be used. Do not recklessly administer phlegm-resolving and qi-breaking medicines, as this will damage the True Yuan (Original Qi).
Vomiting and diarrhea are the most common conditions in children. Some vomit only, some have diarrhea only, and some experience both vomiting and diarrhea alternately. When vomiting and diarrhea are caused by food retention, the abdomen must be hard, and the vomitus and feces must have a sour, foul odor; Baohe Wan (Preserve Harmony Pill) is used to resolve the stagnation. When vomiting and diarrhea are caused by latent summerheat (Fu Shu), urination must be obstructed, accompanied by irritability and thirst. For vomiting, Xiangru Yin (Elsholtzia Decoction) is used; for diarrhea, Siling San (Four-Ingredient Powder) added with Yiyuan San (Benefit Origin Powder) is used, or Daochi San added with Huanglian is used to clear heat. When vomiting and diarrhea are caused by cold invasion, the lips, tongue, and complexion must appear pale and dull, there is no thirst, and the limbs may be cold. This condition easily develops into Slow Spleen Wind (Man Pi Feng); initially, Pingwei San (Calm the Stomach Powder) and Erchen Tang (Two-Cured Decoction) added with Wei Jiang (Prepared Ginger) are used to warm the Middle Jiao; subsequently, Liujunzi Tang (Six-Gentlemen Decoction) is used to tonify the Spleen. If deficiency-cold is severe, Fuzi Lizhong Tang (Aconite Regulate the Middle Decoction) must be used without delay. When vomiting and diarrhea are caused by latent fire (Fu Huo), the body must be hot, and the lips and tongue must be red; Qingzhong Yin (Clear the Middle Decoction) is used to guide the pathogen out. After the fire subsides, Sijunzi Tang (Four-Gentlemen Decoction) should still be used to nourish the Spleen. Generally speaking, when vomiting is caused by fire, milk and drinks cannot enter; if they do enter, they are immediately expelled. When vomiting is caused by cold, milk and drinks are accepted before being expelled; this is the distinction. However, prolonged vomiting and diarrhea inevitably lead to Spleen and Stomach deficiency, and Liver Wood (Gan Mu) will inevitably invade. Regardless of the cause, after severe vomiting and diarrhea, even if there is fire, it must be cleared; even if there is food retention, it must be eliminated. It is urgent to cultivate and tonify Spleen Yang to prevent Qi collapse.
Children naturally possess pure Yang constitution and do not accept forced fire. Once infected with pathogenic summerheat, the heat flares up vigorously. Symptoms include feverish skin, irritability, thirst, red lips, and scanty, painful urination. Urgently use Xiangru Yin mixed with Yiyuan San to resolve the condition. Moreover, summerheat often contains dampness, and dampness easily injures the Spleen, so it often causes diarrhea, and in severe cases, vomiting accompanies it. The treatment methods are detailed in the "Vomiting and Diarrhea" chapter. If affected by summerwind, presenting with clear nasal discharge and headache, use Xiangru Yin added with Qinjiao (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix) and Jingjie (Schizonepetae Herba). If heat stirs Liver Wind causing convulsions and厥逆 (Jue Ni, reversal cold/extremity cold), use Qingre Tang (Clear Heat Decoction) to promote the draining of summerheat and fire, so that the wind subsides naturally. In cases of coma and oppression, Tongguan San (Open the Pass Powder) is used to induce sneezing to open the orifices. Do not lightly use medicines for treating fright and resolving phlegm, as this will damage the Righteous Qi (Zheng Qi) and generate other pathological changes.