（针经指南，窦汉卿撰）
拯救之法，妙用者针。察岁时于天道，定形气于予心。春夏瘦而刺浅，秋冬肥而刺深。
不穷经络阴阳，多逢刺禁；既论脏腑虚实，须向经寻。原夫起自中焦，水下初漏。太阴为
始，至厥阴而方终；穴出云门，抵期门而最后。正经十二，别络走三百余支；正侧偃伏，气血
有六百余候。手足三阳，手走头而头走足；手足三阴，足在腹而胸走手。要识迎随，须明逆
顺。况乎阴阳气，血多少为最。厥阴太阳少气多血，太阴少阴少血多气。而又气多血少者
少阳之分，气血俱多者阳明之位。先详多少之宜，次察应至之气，轻滑慢而未来，沉涩紧而
已至。既至也，量寒热为疾留；未至也，据虚实而诱气。气之至也，如鱼吞钓饵之浮沉；气
未至也，如闲处幽堂之深邃。气至速而效速，气至迟而不治。观夫九针之法，毫厘最微。
七星可应，众穴主持。本形金也，有蠲邪扶正之道；短长水也，有决凝开滞之机。定刺象
木，或邪或正；口藏养火，进阳补羸。循机扪塞以象土，实应五行而可知。然是一寸六分，
包含妙理；虽细拟于毫发，同贯多岐。可平五脏之寒热，能调六腑之实虚。拘挛闭塞，追八
邪而去矣；寒热痛痹，开四关而已之。未刺者，使本神朝而后入；既刺也，使本神定而气随。
神不朝而勿刺，神已定而可施。定脚处，取血气为主意；下手处，认水火是根基。天地人三
才也，涌泉同璇玑百会；上中下三部也，大包与天枢地机。阳跷阳维并督脉，主肩背腰腿在
表之病；阴跷阴维任冲带，去心腹胁肋在里之疑。二陵二跷二支，似续而交五太；两间两商
两井，相根据而列两支。取穴之法，须明分寸。先审自意，次观肉分。或屈伸而得之，或平直
而安定。在阳部筋骨之侧，陷下为真；在阴部 之间，动脉相应。取五穴用一穴而必端，
取三经用一经而可正。头部与肩部详分，督脉与任脉易定。察标与本，论刺深刺浅之经；
住痛移疼，取相交相贯之径。岂不闻脏腑病，求门海俞募之微；经络滞，索原别交会之道。
更穷四根三结，根据标本而刺无不痊；但用八法五门，分主客而针无不效。八脉始终连八会，
本是纪纲；十二经络十二原，是为枢要。一日取六十六穴之法，方见幽微；一时取十二经脉
之原，始知要妙。原夫补泻之法，非呼吸而在乎手指；速效之功，要支正而辨得本经。交经
缪刺，左有病而右畔取；泻络远导，头有疾而脚上针。巨刺与缪刺各异，微针与妙刺相通。
观部分而知经络之虚实，视浮沉而见脏腑之寒温。且夫先令针耀而虑针损，次脏口内而欲
针温，目勿外视，手如握虎；心无私慕，如待贵人。左手重而多按，欲令气散；右手轻而徐
入，不痛之因。空心恐怯，直立侧而多晕；背目沉掐，坐卧平而没昏。椎于十干十变，知孔
穴之开阖；论其五行五脏，察时日之旺衰。伏如横弩，应若发机。阴交阳别而定血晕，阴跷
阴维而下胎衣。痹厥偏枯，迎随俾经络接续；漏崩带下，温补使气血根据归。静以久留，停针
待之。必准处，取照海治喉中之闭塞；端的处，用大钟治心内之呆痴。大抵疼痛实泻，痒麻
虚补。体重节痛而俞居，心下痞满而井主。心胀咽痛，针太冲而必除；脾冷胃疼，泻公孙而
立愈。胸满腹痛刺内关，胁疼肋胀针飞虎。筋挛骨痛补魂门，体热劳嗽泻魄户。头风头
痛，刺申脉与金门；眼痒眼疼，泻光明于地五。泻阴 止盗汗，治小儿骨蒸；刺偏历利小便，
医大人水蛊。中风环跳宜刺，虚损天枢可取。由是午前卯后，太阴生而疾温；离左酉南，月
朔死而速冷。循摸弹弩，留吸母而坚长；爪下伸提，疾呼子而嘘短。动退空歇，迎夺右而泻
凉；推内进搓，随济左而补暖。大凡危疾，色脉不顺者莫针；寒热风阴；饥饱醉劳须切忌。
望不补而晦不泻，弦不夺而朔不济。精其心而穷其法，无灸艾而坏其中；正其理而求其原，
免投针而失其位。避灸处，和四肢四十有七；禁刺处，除六输二十有二。昔闻高皇抱疾未
瘥，李氏刺巨阙而复苏；太子暴死为厥，越人针会维而复醒。肩井曲池，甄权刺臂痛而即
射；悬钟环跳，华佗刺 足而立行。秋夫针腰俞而魂免沉 ，王纂刺交俞而妖精立出。取
肝俞与命门，使瞽者见秋毫之末；刺少阳与交别，俾聋夫听夏蚋之声。嗟夫！去圣愈远，此
道渐坠。或不得意而散其学，或幸其能而犯禁忌。庸愚知浅，难契于玄微；至道渊深。得之者有几？
《针经指南》，由窦汉卿撰写。
救治疾病的方法中，针灸的妙用最为精妙。观察天道以了解岁时变化，在内心确定患者的形体与气质。春夏季节人体消瘦，针刺宜浅；秋冬季节人体丰腴，针刺宜深。
如果不探究经络的阴阳属性，就容易触犯针刺禁忌；既然论述了脏腑的虚实状况，就必须依据经脉来寻找穴位。
追溯人体气血起源，始于中焦，水谷初入胃中。手太阴肺经为十二经之首，至足厥阴肝经而终。穴位从云门穴开始，到期门穴结束。正经有十二条，别络分支三百余条；正侧卧等不同体位下，气血运行有六百多个候诊部位。手足三阳经，手部走向头部，头部走向足部；手足三阴经，足部位于腹部，胸部走向手部。要识别迎随补泻手法，必须明白逆顺规律。况且阴阳之气的多少差异最为重要。厥阴和太阳经少气多血，太阴和少阴经少血多气。还有气多血少的少阳经，以及气血俱多的阳明经。先详细分析气血多少的适宜性，其次观察应至之气。脉象轻滑慢表示经气未来，沉涩紧表示经气已至。经气既至，根据寒热病邪决定留针时间；经气未至，根据虚实情况诱导经气到来。经气到来的感觉，像鱼吞食钓饵时浮沉不定；经气未至，如同身处幽深殿堂般寂静深远。经气来得快疗效就快，经气来得慢则难以治愈。
观察九针之法，毫厘之间最见细微。七星（七种针具）可对应五行，众多穴位由它们主持。针的本体属金，有祛除邪气、扶助正气的道理；针的长短属水，有决断凝滞、开通阻滞的机制；定刺深浅属木，或祛邪或扶正；口含针柄养火，能进阳气温补羸弱；循经扪按以象土，实则顺应五行之理可知。然而这一寸六分的分寸，包含奥妙原理；虽然细小如毫毛头发，却贯通多种岐黄之道。可以平复五脏的寒热，能够调理六腑的实虚。拘挛闭塞，追逐八邪而去；寒热痛痹，开启四关即可治愈。
未针刺前，使患者精神专注而后进针；既已针刺，使患者精神安定而经气随之。精神不专注不要针刺，精神已安定方可施术。定脚之处，以调摄血气为主意；下手之处，认清水火是根基。天地人三才，涌泉穴同璇玑穴、百会穴相应；上中下三部，大包穴与天枢穴、地机穴相连。阳跷、阳维并督脉，主治肩背腰腿在表之病；阴跷、阴维、任、冲、带脉，去除心腹胁肋在里之疑。二陵（阳陵泉、阴陵泉）、二跷（照海、申脉）、二支（外关、内关），似续而交五太（太渊、太白、太冲、太溪、合谷）；两间（二间、三间）、两商（商阳、中渚？此处原文可能有误，通常指井荥等，依原文提取）、两井（隐白、大敦？），相根据而列两支。取穴的方法，必须明晓分寸。先审视自己的心意，其次观察肌肉纹理。或通过屈伸动作取得穴位，或通过平直姿势安定穴位。在阳部筋骨侧面，凹陷处即为真穴；在阴部...之间，动脉跳动相应处可取。取五个穴位用一个穴位为准必端正，取三条经用一条经为准可正直。头部与肩部详细区分，督脉与任脉容易确定。考察标与本，论述刺深刺浅的经脉；消除疼痛转移病痛，选取相交相贯的径路。
岂不闻脏腑病变，求取募穴、俞穴的门海微义；经络阻滞，索求原穴、络穴、交会穴之道。更穷究四根三结，根据标本进行针刺无不痊愈；只要运用八法五门，分清主客关系针刺无不有效。八脉始终连接八会穴，本是纲领；十二经络各有十二原穴，是为枢要。一日取六十六穴的方法，方见幽微；一时取十二经脉的原穴，始知要妙。
原来补泻的手法，不在于呼吸而在于手指的运用；速效的功效，要支正而辨得本经。交经缪刺，左边有病而在右边取穴；泻络远导，头部有病而在脚上针刺。巨刺与缪刺各不相同，微针与妙刺相通。观察部分而知经络的虚实，视脉象浮沉而见脏腑的寒温。
况且先令针光亮且顾虑针损坏，其次将针口含暖欲使针温热，眼睛不要向外看，手如握虎般稳健；心中没有私念杂慕，如同对待贵人。左手重按多揉，欲令气散；右手轻缓进入，是不痛的缘由。空腹恐怯，直立易晕，侧卧较好；背目沉掐，坐卧平直而无昏晕。推于十干十变，知晓孔穴的开阖；论其五行五脏，察时日之旺衰。伏如横弩，应若发机。阴交阳别而定血晕，阴跷阴维而下胎衣。痹厥偏枯，迎随使经络接续；漏崩带下，温补使气血归原。静以久留，停针等待。必准之处，取照海治疗喉中之闭塞；端的之处，用大钟治疗心内之呆痴。大抵疼痛实证用泻法，痒麻虚证用补法。体重节痛由俞穴主治，心下痞满由井穴主司。心胀咽痛，针刺太冲必除；脾冷胃疼，泻公孙立愈。胸满腹痛刺内关，胁疼肋胀针飞虎。筋挛骨痛补魂门，体热劳嗽泻魄户。头风头痛，刺申脉与金门；眼痒眼疼，泻光明于地五。泻阴郄止盗汗，治小儿骨蒸；刺偏历利小便，医大人水蛊。中风环跳宜刺，虚损天枢可取。
由是午前卯后，太阴生而疾温；离左酉南，月朔死而速冷。循摸弹弩，留吸母而坚长；爪下伸提，疾呼子而嘘短。动退空歇，迎夺右而泻凉；推内进搓，随济左而补暖。大凡危疾，色脉不顺者莫针；寒热风阴；饥饱醉劳须切忌。望不补而晦不泻，弦不夺而朔不济。精其心而穷其法，无灸艾而坏其中；正其理而求其原，免投针而失其位。避灸处，和四肢四十有七；禁刺处，除六输二十有二。昔闻高皇抱疾未瘥，李氏刺巨阙而复苏；太子暴死为厥，越人针会维而复醒。肩井曲池，甄权刺臂痛而即射；悬钟环跳，华佗刺 足而立行。秋夫针腰俞而魂免沉 ，王纂刺交俞而妖精立出。取肝俞与命门，使瞽者见秋毫之末；刺少阳与交别，俾聋夫听夏蚋之声。嗟夫！去圣愈远，此道渐坠。或不得意而散其学，或幸其能而犯禁忌。庸愚知浅，难契于玄微；至道渊深。得之者有几？
*Zhenjing Zhinan* (Guidelines for the Needle Classic), written by Dou Hanqing.
Among methods to save lives, the subtle application of acupuncture is most wonderful. Observe the heavenly way to understand seasonal changes, and determine the patient's constitution within your own mind. In spring and summer, when the body is lean, needling should be shallow; in autumn and winter, when the body is robust, needling should be deep.
If one does not exhaustively explore the yin and yang of the meridians, one will often encounter contraindications for needling; since the deficiency and excess of the zang-fu organs have been discussed, one must seek points along the meridians.
Tracing back to the origin, it starts from the Middle Jiao (Middle Burner), where water and grain first enter. The Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian begins, ending with the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian. Points start from Yunmen (LU-1) and end at Qimen (LR-14). There are twelve regular meridians and over three hundred branch collaterals; in various postures (upright, supine, prone), there are over six hundred qi observation sites. The Hand and Foot Three-Yang meridians: hand goes to head, head goes to foot; the Hand and Foot Three-Yin meridians: foot is on the abdomen, chest goes to hand. To understand Ying-Sui (following and opposing) techniques, one must clearly know reverse and forward directions. Moreover, the variation in the amount of qi and blood among yin and yang is paramount. Jueyin and Taiyang have little qi and much blood; Taiyin and Shaoyin have little blood and much qi. Furthermore, Shaoyang has much qi and little blood, while Yangming has both abundant qi and blood. First, carefully consider the appropriateness based on abundance or scarcity; second, observe the arriving qi. Light, slippery, and slow indicates qi has not yet arrived; heavy, choppy, and tight indicates qi has arrived. Once arrived, retain the needle according to cold or heat pathogens; if not arrived, induce qi based on deficiency or excess. When qi arrives, it feels like a fish swallowing bait, rising and sinking; when qi has not arrived, it feels like sitting in a deep, quiet hall. Fast arrival of qi brings fast results; slow arrival makes treatment difficult.
Observing the method of the Nine Needles, subtlety lies in millimeters. The Seven Stars (seven types of needles) correspond to the Five Elements, governing numerous acupoints. The needle's form is Metal, possessing the way to dispel evil and support righteousness; its length is Water, having the mechanism to resolve stagnation and open blockages; its insertion depth is Wood, either expelling evil or supporting righteousness; holding the handle warms Fire, advancing yang and tonifying weakness; following mechanisms and covering pores resembles Earth, reflecting the Five Elements. However, this one cun and six fen contains profound principles; though fine as hair, it connects diverse paths. It can balance cold and heat of the Five Zang organs and regulate deficiency and excess of the Six Fu organs. For spasms and blockage, pursue the Eight Evils to remove them; for cold, heat, pain, and bi syndrome, opening the Four Passes can cure it.
Before needling, ensure the patient's Shen (Spirit) is focused before insertion; after needling, ensure the Shen is calm so qi follows. Do not needle if Shen is unfocused; proceed if Shen is settled. Where to fix the needle, focus on regulating blood and qi; where to insert, recognize water and fire as the foundation. Heaven, Earth, and Man (Three Talents): Yongquan (KI-1) corresponds to Xuanji (CV-15) and Baihui (GV-20); Upper, Middle, and Lower parts: Dabao (SP-21) connects with Tianshu (ST-25) and Diji (SP-8). Yang Qiao, Yang Wei, and Du Mai govern exterior diseases of shoulder, back, waist, and legs; Yin Qiao, Yin Wei, Ren, Chong, and Dai Mai address interior doubts of heart, abdomen, flanks, and ribs. Er Ling (Yanglingquan GB-34, Yinlingquan SP-9), Er Qiao (Zhaohai KI-6, Shenmai BL-62), Er Zhi (Waiguan TE-5, Neiguan PC-6) seem continuous and intersect with Wu Tai (Taiyuan LU-9, Taibai SP-3, Taichong LR-3, Taixi KI-3, Hegu LI-4); Liang Jian (Erjian LI-2, Sanjian LI-3), Liang Shang (Shangyang LI-1, Zhongzhu TE-3?), Liang Jing (Yinbai SP-1, Dadun LR-1), rely on each other and list two branches. Methods for selecting points require understanding proportions. First examine your own intent, then observe muscle layers. Obtain points through flexion/extension or stabilize them in straight positions. On the yang side near bones/tendons, depressions are true points; on the yin side..., arterial pulses correspond. To take five points, use one point as the standard to ensure accuracy; to take three meridians, use one meridian as the standard to ensure correctness. Head and shoulders are detailed separately; Du and Ren meridians are easy to locate. Examine Biao (Branch) and Ben (Root) to discuss deep/shallow needling meridians; to move pain, select intersecting/penetrating pathways.
Did you not hear that for zang-fu diseases, seek the subtle meanings of Mu (Alarm) and Shu (Transport) points; for meridian stagnation, seek Yuan (Source), Luo (Connecting), and intersection points. Further investigate Si Gen (Four Roots) and San Jie (Three Knots), needling according to Biao/Ben ensures recovery; using Ba Fa (Eight Methods) and Wu Men (Five Gates), distinguishing host/guest ensures efficacy. The Eight Extraordinary Vessels connect to the Eight Hui (Influential) points, forming the outline; the Twelve Regular Meridians have their Twelve Yuan Source points, serving as pivots. Using sixty-six points daily reveals subtleties; using the Twelve Yuan points of the meridians hourly reveals essentials.
Originally, tonification and sedation depend not on respiration but on finger manipulation; rapid effects require correct positioning and identifying the affected meridian. Jiao Jing (Crossing Meridians) and Miao Ci (Mysterious Puncture): disease on the left is treated on the right; Xie Luo (Draining Collaterals) and Yuan Dao (Distant Guidance): disease on the head is treated on the feet. Ju Ci (Great Puncture) differs from Miao Ci; Micro-needles connect with Mysterious Puncture. Observing regions knows meridian deficiency/excess; viewing pulse floating/sinking sees organ cold/warmth.
First, ensure needles are bright and undamaged; next, warm the needle mouth in the mouth to heat the needle. Do not look outward; hold hands like grasping a tiger. Heart free from distraction, treat like a noble guest. Left hand presses heavily and rubs often to disperse qi; right hand inserts lightly and slowly to avoid pain. Fear of empty stomach: standing causes dizziness, lying on side is better; back eyes, press deeply, sit/lie flat to avoid fainting. Push through Ten Stems and Ten Changes to know point opening/closing; discuss Five Elements and Five Zang to observe time旺衰 (prosperity/decline). Lie like a drawn crossbow, respond like releasing the trigger. Yinjiao and Yangbie settle blood vertigo; Yinqiao and Yinwei deliver placenta. Bi, jue, hemiplegia: Ying-Sui reconnects meridians; Lou, beng, leukorrhea: Warm Tonification returns qi/blood. Retain quietly for long periods, wait for needle. Precise location: Zhaohai treats throat obstruction; Exact location: Dazhong treats mental dullness. Generally, pain uses Sedation for excess, tonification for deficiency in itching/numbness. Weighted joints/pain governed by Shu points; epigastric fullness governed by Jing points. Heart distension/throat pain: needle Taichung to remove; Spleen cold/stomach pain: drain Gongsun to cure. Chest fullness/abdominal pain: needle Neiguan; Flank pain/distension: needle Feihu. Spasm/bone pain: tonify Hunmen; Body heat/labored cough: drain Pohu. Head wind/headache: needle Shenmai and Jinmen; Itchy/painful eyes: drain Guangming and Diwu. Drain Yinxi to stop night sweats, treat pediatric bone-steaming fever; needle Pianli to promote urination, treat adult ascites. Stroke: Huantiao suitable for needling; Deficiency: Tianshu selectable.
Thus, before noon (Mao hour), Taiyin generates and warms quickly; Li (South) left, You (West) south, moon new dies and cools quickly. Rub/pluck/stretch, retain inhale mother for firm/long; claw/stretch/lift, quick exhale son for short. Move/retract/empty/rest, welcome/drain right for cooling sedation; push/insert/rub/follow/nourish left for warming tonification. Generally, critical cases with mismatched color/pulse: do not needle; cold, heat, wind, yin days: strictly avoid. Full moon day no tonification, last day no sedation; waxing moon no draining, new moon no nourishing. Refine heart and exhaust methods, do not let moxa ruin the middle; correct principle and seek origin, avoid missing point position. Avoidance for moxibustion: forty-seven points on limbs and torso; Contraindicated for needling: twenty-two points excluding the Six Shu.
Once heard: Emperor Gaozu was ill and unhealed, Li Shi needled Juque (CV-14) and he revived; Crown Prince suddenly died of Jue, Yue Ren (Bian Que) needled Huihui (likely referring to specific points or technique) and he woke up. Jianjing (GB-21) and Quchi (LI-11): Zhen Quan needled arm pain and it immediately shot away; Xuanzhong (GB-39) and Huantiao (GB-30): Hua Tuo needled foot and he walked immediately. Qiufu needled Yaoshu (GV-2) and soul avoided sinking; Wang Zuan needled Jiaoshu and demons exited immediately. Take Ganshu (BL-18) and Mingmen (GV-4), make blind see autumn down; Shaoyang and Jiaobie, make deaf hear summer mosquitoes. Alas! As we go further from the Sages, this path declines. Some lose interest and scatter their learning; some rely on luck and violate contraindications. Mediocre and ignorant, hard to match the profound subtleties; the Great Way is deep. How many attain it?