（《灵枢·玉版篇》）
黄帝曰∶诸病皆有逆顺，可得闻乎？岐伯曰∶腹胀身热脉大，是一逆也；（身热脉大而加以腹胀，表里之邪俱盛也，
是为一逆。）腹鸣而满，四肢清，泄，其脉大，是二逆也；（腹鸣而满，四肢清冷而兼后泄，阴证也，脉不宜大而大者，
脉证相反也，是为二逆。）衄而不止，脉大，是三逆也；（鼻衄在阴，脉大为阳，阳实阴虚，是谓三逆。衄，女六切。）咳
且溲血脱形，其脉小劲，是四逆也；（咳而溲血脱形者，正气已衰，脉小而急者，邪气仍在，邪正不能相当，是为四逆。）
咳，脱形身热，脉小以疾，是谓五逆也。（脱形身热，真阴已亏而火犹不清也，其脉细小疾数，正邪盛正衰之候，是为五
逆。）如是者，不过十五日而死矣。（一节之更，时移气易，客强主弱，则不能胜，故不过十五日而死。）
其腹大胀，四末清，脱形泄甚，是一逆也；（此下言五逆之急证也。腹大胀者，最忌中虚，若见四肢清冷而脱形泄甚
者，脾元败而阳气去也，故为一逆。）腹胀便血，其脉大，时绝，是二逆也；（腹胀便血，阴病也，脉大时绝，孤阳将脱
也，故为二逆。）咳，溲血，形肉脱，脉搏，是三逆也；（咳而溲血者，气血俱病，形肉脱者败在脾，脉搏者真藏也，败
在胃气，故为三逆。）呕血胸满引背，脉小而疾，是四逆也；（呕血胸满引于背者，藏气连乎背也，脉见细小疾数，则真
元大亏矣，故为四逆。）咳呕腹胀且飧泄，其脉绝，是五逆也。（上为咳呕，中为胀满，下为飧泄，三焦俱病，而脉至于
绝者，有邪无正也，故为五逆。飧音孙。）如是者，不及一时而死矣。（不及一时，谓不能周一日之时也。）工不察此者而
刺之，是谓逆治。（病不可治而强治之，非惟无益，适以资害，是谓逆治也。）
黄帝说：各种疾病都有逆证和顺证，可以讲给我听吗？岐伯回答说：腹部胀满，身体发热，脉象宏大，这是第一种逆证；（身体发热、脉象宏大再加上腹部胀满，说明表邪和里邪都亢盛，所以称为一种逆证。）肠鸣且腹部胀满，四肢清冷，腹泻，脉象宏大，这是第二种逆证；（肠鸣且腹部胀满，四肢清冷并伴有后泄，属于阴证，脉象不应当宏大却宏大，是脉与证相反，所以称为第二种逆证。）鼻出血不止，脉象宏大，这是第三种逆证；（鼻衄属于阴分受损，脉大属于阳分实证，阳实阴虚，所以称为第三种逆证。衄，音女六切。）咳嗽且小便带血，形体消瘦脱失，脉象细小而强劲，这是第四种逆证；（咳嗽且小便带血、形体消瘦，说明正气已经衰败，脉象细小而急，说明邪气仍然存在，邪气与正气不能相当，所以称为第四种逆证。）咳嗽，形体消瘦脱失，身体发热，脉象细小且快速，这称为第五种逆证。（形体消瘦脱失且身体发热，说明真阴已经亏损而虚火仍未平息，脉象细小疾数，是正邪盛而正气衰的征候，所以称为第五种逆证。）像这样的病，不超过十五天就会死亡。（一节节气候更替，时间推移，气候改变，客邪强盛而主气虚弱，就不能胜任抵抗，所以不超过十五天就会死亡。）
腹部高度胀满，四肢清冷，形体消瘦脱失，腹泻严重，这是第一种逆证；（以下讲的是五逆中的急重证候。腹部高度胀满，最忌讳中气虚弱，如果见到四肢清冷且形体消瘦、腹泻严重，说明脾元败坏而阳气离去，所以称为一种逆证。）腹部胀满且大便带血，脉象宏大，时而断绝，这是第二种逆证；（腹部胀满且大便带血，属于阴病，脉象宏大且时而断绝，说明孤阳即将脱失，所以称为第二种逆证。）咳嗽，小便带血，肌肉消损，脉搏动急促有力，这是第三种逆证；（咳嗽且小便带血，说明气血都患病，肌肉消损说明脾脏败坏，脉搏动急促有力说明真气外露（真藏脉），说明胃气败坏，所以称为第三种逆证。）呕吐血液，胸部胀满牵引背部疼痛，脉象细小且快速，这是第四种逆证；（呕吐血液，胸部胀满牵引至背部，说明脏腑之气连及背部，脉象出现细小疾数，说明真元大亏，所以称为第四种逆证。）咳嗽、呕吐、腹部胀满且完谷不化的腹泻，脉象断绝，这是第五种逆证。（上部为咳嗽呕吐，中部为胀满，下部为完谷不化的腹泻，上中下三焦都患病，而且脉象至于断绝，是有邪气而无正气，所以称为第五种逆证。飧，音孙。）像这样的病，不到一个时辰就会死亡。（不到一个时辰，意思是不能满一整天。）医生如果不明察这些情况而进行针刺治疗，这叫做逆治。（病不可治愈却强行治疗，不仅没有益处，反而增加危害，这叫做逆治。）
Huangdi said: All diseases have favorable (shun) and unfavorable (ni) prognoses. May I hear about them? Qibo replied: Abdominal distension accompanied by fever and a large pulse is the first unfavorable prognosis; (Fever, a large pulse, and abdominal distension indicate that both exterior and interior pathogens are flourishing, thus constituting one type of unfavorable prognosis.) Bowel sounds with fullness, cold limbs, diarrhea, and a large pulse is the second unfavorable prognosis; (Bowel sounds, fullness, cold limbs, and subsequent diarrhea constitute a Yin syndrome. A large pulse in this context contradicts the symptoms, hence it is the second unfavorable prognosis.) Epistaxis that does not stop, with a large pulse, is the third unfavorable prognosis; (Epistaxis involves Yin deficiency, while a large pulse indicates Yang excess. This state of Yang excess and Yin deficiency is termed the third unfavorable prognosis. "Ni" is pronounced as 'nü liu'.) Coughing with hematuria, emaciation, and a small yet forceful pulse is the fourth unfavorable prognosis; (Coughing with hematuria and emaciation indicates that the righteous Qi has declined. A small and rapid pulse indicates that the pathogenic factor remains. The inability of pathogen and righteous Qi to balance each other constitutes the fourth unfavorable prognosis.) Coughing, emaciation, fever, and a small, rapid pulse is termed the fifth unfavorable prognosis. (Emaciation with fever indicates that the True Yin is depleted while fire still lingers. A small, thin, and rapid pulse is a sign of excessive pathogen and deficient righteous Qi, thus constituting the fifth unfavorable prognosis.) In such cases, death will occur within fifteen days. (As solar terms change and time passes, the climate shifts. If the external pathogen is strong and the internal righteous Qi weak, resistance fails, leading to death within fifteen days.)
Severe abdominal distension, cold extremities, emaciation, and severe diarrhea is the first unfavorable prognosis; (The following describes acute manifestations of the five unfavorable prognoses. Severe abdominal distension strongly contraindicates Spleen deficiency. If accompanied by cold extremities, emaciation, and severe diarrhea, it indicates the collapse of Spleen Yuan Qi and the departure of Yang Qi, hence the first unfavorable prognosis.) Abdominal distension with hematochezia, a large pulse that intermittently disappears is the second unfavorable prognosis; (Abdominal distension with hematochezia is a Yin disease. A large pulse that intermittently disappears indicates impending collapse of solitary Yang, hence the second unfavorable prognosis.) Coughing with hematuria, loss of muscle mass, and a surging pulse is the third unfavorable prognosis; (Coughing with hematuria indicates disease in both Qi and Blood. Loss of muscle mass indicates Spleen failure. A surging pulse indicates the revelation of the Zang pulses (True Zang Pulse), indicating Stomach Qi failure, hence the third unfavorable prognosis.) Vomiting blood, chest fullness radiating to the back, and a small, rapid pulse is the fourth unfavorable prognosis; (Vomiting blood with chest fullness radiating to the back indicates visceral Qi connecting to the back. A small, thin, and rapid pulse indicates severe depletion of True Yuan, hence the fourth unfavorable prognosis.) Cough, vomiting, abdominal distension, and undigested stool diarrhea (sun xie), with an absent pulse is the fifth unfavorable prognosis. (Upper Jiao presents with cough and vomiting, Middle Jiao with distension, Lower Jiao with undigested stool diarrhea. Disease in all three Jiaos with an absent pulse indicates the presence of pathogen but absence of righteous Qi, hence the fifth unfavorable prognosis. "Sun" is pronounced as 'sun'). In such cases, death will occur in less than one shichen (two hours). (Less than one shichen means unable to complete a full day.) If physicians fail to observe these conditions and proceed with acupuncture, it is called contrary treatment. (Forcibly treating incurable diseases yields no benefit and only exacerbates harm, which is termed contrary treatment.)