（素问四气调神论，前篇四气调神，言四时相承之病，此言当时之病。）
逆春气，则少阳不生，肝气内变。（一岁之气，春夏为阳，秋冬为阴；春夏主生长，秋冬主收藏。春令属木，肝胆应
之。藏气法时论曰∶肝主春，足厥阴少阳主治。故逆春气，则少阳之令不能生发，肝气被郁，内变为病。此不言胆而止
言肝者，以脏气为主也。后彼此。）逆夏气，则太阳不长，心气内洞。（夏令属火，心与小肠应之。藏气法时论曰∶心主
夏，手少阴太阳主治。故逆夏气，则太阳之令不长，而心虚内洞，诸阳之病生矣。）逆秋气，则太阴不收，肺气焦满。（秋
令属金，肺与大肠应之。藏气法时论曰∶肺主秋，手太阴阳明主治。故逆秋气，则太阴之令不收、而肺热叶焦，为胀满
也。）逆冬气，则少阴不藏，肾气独沉。（冬令属水，肾与膀胱应之。藏气法时论曰∶肾主冬，足少阴太阳主治。故逆冬
气，则少阴之令不藏，而肾气独沉。藏者藏于中，沉者沉于下。肾气不蓄藏，则注泄沉寒等病生矣。）夫四时阴阳者，万
物之根本也，生成之所由也。所以圣人春夏养阳，秋冬养阴，以从其根，（夫阴根于阳，阳根于阴，阴以阳生，阳以阴长。
所以圣人春夏则养阳，以为秋冬之地，秋冬则养阴，以为春夏之地，皆所以从其根也。今人有春夏不能养阳者，每因风
凉生冷，伤此阳气，以致秋冬，多患疟泻，此阴胜之为病也。有秋冬不能养阴者，每因纵欲过热，伤此阴气，以致春夏，
多患火证，此阳胜之为病也。善养生者，宜切佩之！）故与万物沉浮于生长之门，逆其根则伐其本，坏其真矣。（能顺阴
阳之性，则能沉浮于生长之门矣。万物有所生，而独知守其根，百事有所出，而独知守其门，则圣人之能事也。）故阴阳
四时者，万物之终始也，死生之本也，（阴阳之理，阳为始，阴为终。四时之序，春为始，冬为终。死生之道，分言之，
则得其阳者生，得其阴者死；合言之，则阴阳和者生，阴阳离者死。故为万物之始终，死生之本也。逆之则灾害生，从
之则苛疾不起，是谓得道。（苛音呵，残虐也。）道者，圣人行之，愚者佩之。（圣人与道无违，故能行之；愚者信道不笃，
故但佩服而已。夫既佩之，已匪无悟，而尚称为愚；今有并阴阳不知而曰医者，又何如其人哉？！老子曰∶上士闻道，
勤而行之；中士闻道，若存若亡；下士闻道大笑之，不笑不足以为道。正此谓也。）从阴阳则生，逆之则死，从之则治，
逆之则乱。反顺为逆，是谓内格。（阴阳即道，道即阴阳，从道则生，何者不治？逆道则死，何者不乱？若反顺为逆，则
阴阳内外，皆相格拒。内格者，逆天者也。世有逆天而能生者，吾未之见也。）
（《素问·四气调神大论》前篇论述四时调养精神，讲的是四季相继引发的疾病；本篇讲的是当时发生的疾病。）
违背春季的生发之气，则少阳之气不能生发，肝气在体内发生病变。（一年的气候中，春夏属于阳，秋冬属于阴；春夏主生长，秋冬主收藏。春季对应五行中的木，肝胆与之相应。《素问·藏气法时论》说：肝主春季，足厥阴肝经和足少阳胆经主治。所以违背春季之气，少阳的升发之令就不能实现，肝气被郁结，在体内变为疾病。这里只提肝而不提胆，是因为以脏气为主。后文同理类推。）
违背夏季的长养之气，则太阳之气不能长盛，心气在体内空虚洞泄。（夏季对应五行中的火，心与小肠与之相应。《素问·藏气法时论》说：心主夏季，手少阴心经和手太阳小肠经主治。所以违背夏季之气，太阳的长养之令不能实现，导致心气虚弱而在体内空虚洞泄，各种阳气的疾病就产生了。）
违背秋季的收敛之气，则太阴之气不能收敛，肺气焦枯胀满。（秋季对应五行中的金，肺与大肠与之相应。《素问·藏气法时论》说：肺主秋季，手太阴肺经和手阳明大肠经主治。所以违背秋季之气，太阴的收敛之令不能实现，导致肺热叶焦，出现胀满的症状。）
违背冬季的闭藏之气，则少阴之气不能闭藏，肾气独自沉陷。（冬季对应五行中的水，肾与膀胱与之相应。《素问·藏气法时论》说：肾主冬季，足少阴肾经和足太阳膀胱经主治。所以违背冬季之气，少阴的闭藏之令不能实现，导致肾气独自沉陷。“藏”是指藏于体内，“沉”是指沉于下部。肾气不能蓄积闭藏，就会导致腹泻、沉寒等疾病产生。）
那四时的阴阳变化，是万物的根本，也是万物生成所由来的依据。所以圣人春夏时节养护阳气，秋冬时节养护阴气，以顺应其根本。（阴根源于阳，阳根源于阴，阴依靠阳而生，阳依靠阴而长。所以圣人在春夏季节养护阳气，为秋冬储备基础；在秋冬季节养护阴气，为春夏储备基础，这都是为了顺应根本。现在有些人春夏不能养护阳气，常常因为吹风受凉或吃生冷食物，损伤了阳气，以至于到了秋冬季节，多患疟疾、腹泻等疾病，这是阴气偏胜导致的病证。有些人秋冬不能养护阴气，常常因为纵欲过度或饮食过热，损伤了阴气，以至于到了春夏季节，多患火热证候，这是阳气偏胜导致的病证。善于养生的人，应当深切记住这一点！）因此能与万物一起沉浮于生长的规律之中。违背了这个根本，就是砍伐生命的本源，败坏了人的真元。（能够顺应阴阳的特性，就能随万物一起沉浮于生长的门径。万物都有所生，唯独知道坚守它的根本；百事都有所出，唯独知道坚守它的门径，这就是圣人的能力所在。）
所以阴阳四时，是万物的开始和终结，也是死生的根本。（阴阳的道理，阳是开始，阴是终结。四时的顺序，春是开始，冬是终结。死生的道理，分开来说，得到阳气者生，得到阴气者死；合起来说，阴阳调和者生，阴阳分离者死。所以它是万物的始终，死生的根本。违背它灾害就会发生，顺应它严重的疾病就不会产生，这就叫做得道。（“苛”音呵，意为残虐。））
道，圣人实行它，愚者只是佩戴（信奉）它。（圣人与道没有违背，所以能实行它；愚者信仰不坚定，所以只是口头佩服罢了。既然已经佩服，并非没有领悟，却还被称为愚者；现在有的人连阴阳都不懂却自称医生，又是什么样的人呢？！老子说：上等智慧的人听到道，勤勉地实行它；中等智慧的人听到道，有时记起有时忘记；下等智慧的人听到道，大声嘲笑它，不嘲笑就不足以成为道。正是这个意思。）
顺应阴阳就能生存，违背阴阳就会死亡；顺应它就安宁，违背它就混乱。把顺从当作违背，这就叫做内格（内部格拒）。（阴阳就是道，道就是阴阳，顺应道就能生存，什么病治不好？违背道就会死亡，什么不乱？如果反过来把顺从当作违背，那么阴阳内外都会相互格拒排斥。所谓内格，就是逆天而行。世间有逆天而行却能生存的，我从未见过。）
(Su Wen, "Si Qi Tiao Shen Lun" [Treatise on Regulating the Spirit According to the Four Seasons], the preceding chapter discusses diseases caused by the succession of the four seasons; this chapter discusses diseases occurring in the present time.)
Violating the Qi of Spring results in the failure of Shaoyang (Lesser Yang) to generate, leading to internal pathological changes in the Liver Qi. (In the annual climate cycle, Spring and Summer belong to Yang, while Autumn and Winter belong to Yin; Spring and Summer govern growth, while Autumn and Winter govern storage. The Spring season corresponds to Wood, with the Liver and Gallbladder resonating with it. *Su Wen: Zang Qi Fa Shi Lun* states: "The Liver governs Spring, and the Foot Jueyin and Foot Shaoyang meridians are in charge." Therefore, violating the Qi of Spring prevents the generating function of Shaoyang from manifesting, causing Liver Qi to be constrained and transforming into internal disease. Here, only the Liver is mentioned, not the Gallbladder, because the Zang organs take precedence. The same logic applies subsequently.)
Violating the Qi of Summer results in the failure of Taiyang (Greater Yang) to flourish, leading to emptiness and deficiency within the Heart Qi. (The Summer season corresponds to Fire, with the Heart and Small Intestine resonating with it. *Su Wen: Zang Qi Fa Shi Lun* states: "The Heart governs Summer, and the Hand Shaoyin and Hand Taiyang meridians are in charge." Therefore, violating the Qi of Summer prevents the flourishing function of Taiyang from manifesting, resulting in Heart Qi deficiency and internal emptiness, giving rise to various Yang-related diseases.)
Violating the Qi of Autumn results in the failure of Taiyin (Greater Yin) to receive/converge, leading to scorched dryness and fullness in the Lung Qi. (The Autumn season corresponds to Metal, with the Lungs and Large Intestine resonating with it. *Su Wen: Zang Qi Fa Shi Lun* states: "The Lungs govern Autumn, and the Hand Taiyin and Hand Yangming meridians are in charge." Therefore, violating the Qi of Autumn prevents the converging function of Taiyin from manifesting, causing Lung Heat to scorch the leaves and resulting in distension and fullness.)
Violating the Qi of Winter results in the failure of Shaoyin (Lesser Yin) to store, leading to the solitary sinking of Kidney Qi. (The Winter season corresponds to Water, with the Kidneys and Bladder resonating with it. *Su Wen: Zang Qi Fa Shi Lun* states: "The Kidneys govern Winter, and the Foot Shaoyin and Foot Taiyang meridians are in charge." Therefore, violating the Qi of Winter prevents the storing function of Shaoyin from manifesting, causing Kidney Qi to sink alone. "Storing" refers to keeping within, while "sinking" refers to settling downward. If Kidney Qi fails to accumulate and store, diseases such as diarrhea and deep cold will arise.)
The Yin and Yang of the four seasons are the root of all things and the source of their generation and formation. Thus, the sages nourish Yang during Spring and Summer, and nourish Yin during Autumn and Winter, thereby following their root. (Yin has its root in Yang, and Yang has its root in Yin; Yin is born through Yang, and Yang grows through Yin. Therefore, the sages nourish Yang in Spring and Summer to lay the foundation for Autumn and Winter, and nourish Yin in Autumn and Winter to lay the foundation for Spring and Summer; all of this is done to follow the root. Nowadays, some people fail to nourish Yang in Spring and Summer, often injuring this Yang Qi due to wind, coolness, raw food, or cold substances, so that when Autumn and Winter arrive, they frequently suffer from malaria and diarrhea, which are diseases caused by excess Yin. Some people fail to nourish Yin in Autumn and Winter, often injuring this Yin Qi due to excessive sexual activity or overheating, so that when Spring and Summer arrive, they frequently suffer from fire syndromes, which are diseases caused by excess Yang. Those skilled in health preservation should keep this firmly in mind!) Consequently, one can float and sink together with all things in the gate of growth. Violating this root is like felling the trunk, destroying one's true essence. (By conforming to the nature of Yin and Yang, one can float and sink within the gate of growth. All things have a source of birth, yet only know how to guard their root; all affairs have an origin, yet only know how to guard their gate; this is the capability of the sage.)
Therefore, Yin, Yang, and the four seasons are the beginning and end of all things, and the root of life and death. (The principle of Yin and Yang: Yang is the beginning, Yin is the end. The order of the four seasons: Spring is the beginning, Winter is the end. The way of life and death: speaking separately, those who obtain Yang live, and those who obtain Yin die; speaking collectively, those in harmony between Yin and Yang live, and those separated from Yin and Yang die. Thus, they are the beginning and end of all things, and the root of life and death. Violating them brings disasters; following them prevents severe diseases from arising; this is called attaining the Dao. ("Ke" sounds like "he," meaning cruel or oppressive.)
The Dao is practiced by the sage, but merely worn (believed in) by the foolish. (The sage does not deviate from the Dao, thus he practices it; the foolish lack firm faith, thus they merely wear it verbally. Although having worn it implies some understanding, they are still called foolish; now, there are those who claim to be physicians without even knowing Yin and Yang—what kind of people are they?! Laozi said: The superior scholar hears the Dao and diligently practices it; the middle scholar hears the Dao and sometimes remembers, sometimes forgets; the inferior scholar hears the Dao and laughs loudly at it. If it were not laughed at, it would not suffice to be called the Dao. This is exactly what is meant here.)
Following Yin and Yang leads to life; violating them leads to death. Following them leads to order; violating them leads to chaos. Reversing compliance into violation is called Neige (internal obstruction/rejection). (Yin and Yang are the Dao, and the Dao is Yin and Yang; following the Dao ensures life, so why would any illness remain untreatable? Violating the Dao leads to death, so why would there be no chaos? If one reverses compliance into violation, then Yin and Yang internally and externally will reject each other. Neige means going against Heaven. I have never seen anyone go against Heaven and yet survive.)