（《灵枢·经筋篇》。此章与经络类第四章同出一篇，义有相通，所当互阅。）
足太阳之筋病，小趾支，跟肿痛， 挛，（其筋起于足小趾，结于踵上，循跟结于 也。 音国。）脊反折，项筋急，
肩不举，腋支，缺盆中纽痛，不可左右摇。（其别者结于臀上，挟脊上项，其支者结于肩 ，入腋下，上出缺盆，故为此
病。纽，尼九切。）治在燔针劫刺，以知为数，以痛为输，（燔针，烧针也。劫刺，因火气而劫散寒邪也。燔针 针义，
详本类前二十。以知为数，知其气至为度也。以痛为输，即其痛处是穴也。下准此。燔音凡。）名曰仲春痹。（仲春痹者，
足太阳之经，应二月之气也。此与阴阳系日月篇义同，但彼以左足右足分十二经，以主十二月，此以手六经足六经分主
十二月，盖以辨阴阳盛衰之义也。详经络类三十四。又手足阴阳应十二月图，在图翼四卷。余准此。）
足少阳之筋病，小趾次趾支转筋，引膝外转筋，膝不可屈伸， 筋急，（足少阳之筋，起于小趾次趾，上循胫外廉，
结于膝外廉也。）前引髀，后引尻，即上乘 ，季胁痛，（其筋之支者上走髀，前者结于伏兔，后者结于尻，其直者上乘
及季胁也。）上引缺盆膺乳颈维筋急，（其直者系于膺乳，结于缺盆，上循耳后也。维者，牵系之谓。）从左之右，右目
不开，上过右角，并跷脉而行，左络于右，（从左之右则右目不开，是右病由左也。然则左目不开者，病由于右可知矣。
角，额角也。并跷脉而行者，阴跷阳跷，阴阳相交，阳入阴，阴出阳，交于目锐 ，故左络于右。）故伤左角，右足不用，
命曰维筋相交。（伤左角之筋而右足不用，则其从右之左者亦然，盖筋之维络相交如此也。）治在燔针劫刺，以知为数，
以痛为输，（义如前。）名曰孟春痹也。（足少阳以生阳之经，故应正月之气也。详义如前。）
足阳明之筋病，足中趾支，胫转筋，脚跳坚，（本经之筋起于中趾，结于跗上，邪外上行，加于辅骨，上结于膝外廉，
其直者上循 ，结于膝也。跳者跳动，坚者坚强也。）伏兔转筋，髀前肿， 疝，腹筋急，（其直者上循伏兔结于髀，聚
于阴器，上腹而布也。（ ， 同。）引缺盆及颊，卒口僻，急者目不合，热则筋纵目不开。颊筋有寒则急，引颊移口；
有热则筋弛纵缓，不胜收故僻。（僻，歪斜也。其筋自缺盆上颈颊挟口，上合于太阳，太阳为目上网，阳明为目下网，故
凡目之不合不开，口之急纵歪僻者，皆足阳明之筋病，寒则急而热则缓也。）治之以马膏，膏其急者，以白酒和桂，以涂
其缓者，以桑钩钩之，即以生桑炭置之坎中，高下以坐等，以膏熨急颊，且饮美酒，啖美炙肉，不饮酒者自强也，为之
三拊而已。（马膏，马脂也，其性味甘平柔润，能养筋治痹，故可以膏其急者。白酒辣桂，性味辛温，能通经络，行血脉，
故可以涂其缓者。桑之性平，能利关节，除风寒湿痹诸痛，故以桑钩钩之者，钩正其口也。复以生桑火炭，置之地坎之
中。高下以坐等者，欲其深浅适中，便于坐而得其暖也。然后以前膏熨其急颊，且饮之美酒，啖之美肉，皆助血舒筋之
法也。虽不善饮，亦自强之。三拊而已，言再三拊摩其患处，则病自已矣。啖音淡。拊音府。）治在燔针劫刺，以知为数，
以痛为输，名曰季春痹也。（足阳明正盛之经，应三月之气也。余义如前。）
足太阴之筋病，足大趾支，内踝痛，转筋痛，（足太阴之筋起大趾之端，上结于内踝也。）膝内辅骨痛，阴股引髀而
痛，阴器纽痛，下引脐两胁痛，引膺中脊内痛。（其直者络于膝内辅骨，上阴股，结于髀，聚于阴器，上脐腹胸胁，其内
者着于脊也。）治在燔针劫刺，以知为数，以痛为输，命曰孟秋痹也。（孟秋当作仲秋，此与下文足少阴条缪误，当迭更
之。盖足太阴之经，应八月之气也。）
足少阴之筋病，足下转筋，及所过而结者皆痛及转筋，（足少阴之筋起于小趾之下，故病足下转筋。所过而结者，以
其并足太阴之筋，斜走内踝之下，结于踵，又与太阳之筋合，而上结于内辅之下，又并太阴之筋而上循阴股，结于阴器，
皆能为痛及转筋也。）病在此者主痫螈及痉，（痫，癫痫也。螈，牵急也。痉，坚强反张尤甚于螈者也。足少阴为天一之
经，真阴受伤，故为此病。螈音炽。痉音敬。）在外者不能 ，在内者不能仰，故阳病者腰反折不能 ，阴病者不能仰。
（在外者，与太阳之筋合，故不能 。在内者，循脊内挟膂上至项，故不能仰。阳病者，即在外者也。阴病者，即在内
者也。 ，俯同。）治在燔针劫刺，以知为数，以痛为输，（义如前，此治外者也。）在内者熨引饮药，此筋折纽，纽发数
甚者，死不治，（熨引所以舒筋，饮药所以养血。折纽者，即转筋之甚。发日数，病日甚者，阴亏之极也，故当死不治。）
名曰仲秋痹也。（仲秋误也，当作孟秋，盖足少阴为生阴之经，应七月之气也。义详前太阴太阳条下。）
足厥阴之筋病，足大趾支，内踝之前痛，内辅痛，阴股痛转筋，（足厥阴之筋起于大趾之上，结于内踝之前，又结于
内辅骨之下，上循阴股也。）阴器不用，伤于内则不起，伤于寒则阴缩入，伤于热则纵挺不收。（阴器者，前阴之具也，
厥阴之筋结于此，阴器病者，有此三者之异。）治在行水清阴气。（清，理也。此言当以药治之，在通行水脏而调阴气，
盖水则肝之母也。）其病转筋者，治在燔针劫刺，以知为数，以痛为输，（转筋者，治当在经也。）命曰季秋痹也。（足厥
阴者，阴尽之经也，故应九月之气。）
手太阳之筋病，小指支，肘内锐骨后廉痛，循背阴入腋下，腋下痛，腋后廉痛，绕肩胛引颈而痛，应耳中鸣痛引颔，
目瞑良久乃得视，（手太阳之筋起于小指，上结于腕，结于肘内锐骨之后，上结于腋下，上肩循颈结于耳后，结于颔，上
属目外 ，故其痛引耳颔，则瞑目良久方可开视也。颔，何敢切。）颈筋急则为筋 颈 ，寒热在颈者，治在燔针劫刺之，
以知为数，以痛为输，（筋 颈肿，即鼠瘰之属。 音漏。）其为肿者，复而锐之。（刺而肿不退者，复刺之，当用锐针，
即针也。）本支者，上曲牙，循耳前，属目外 ，上颔结于角，其痛当所过者支转筋。（本支者，即其直支也。角，耳
上角也。凡当其所过之处，皆能转筋而痛。）治在燔针劫刺，以知为数，以痛为输。（义如前。）名曰仲夏痹也。（手太阳
之经，应五月之气也。）
手少阳之筋病，当所过者即支转筋，舌卷。（手少阳之筋起于小指次指之端，结于腕，上循臂结于肘，上绕 外廉上
肩走颈，其支者当曲颊入系舌本，故当所过者为转筋而痛。）治在燔针劫刺，以知为数，以痛为输，（义如前。）名曰季夏
痹也。（手少阳之经，应六月之气也。）
手阳明之筋病，当所过者支痛及转筋，肩不举，颈不可左右视。（手阳明之筋起大指次指之端，结于腕，上结于肘外，
上结于 ，其支者绕肩胛挟脊，其直者从肩 上颈，又支者上颊结于 ，又直者上左角络头下右颔，故当所过之处为
支痛转筋如此。）治在燔针劫刺，以知为数，以痛为输，名曰孟夏痹也。（手阳明为两阳合明之经，故应四月之气。）
手太阴之筋病，当所过者支转筋痛，甚成息贲，胁急吐血。（手太阴之筋起于大指，循指上行结于鱼后，上循臂入肘
中，上 内廉，入腋下，出缺盆，结肩前 ，上结缺盆，下结胸里，散贯贲，合贲下，抵季胁，故其所过之处当转筋痛
甚而病如此。）治在燔针劫刺，以知为数，以痛为输，名曰仲冬痹也。（手太阴之经，应十一月之气也。）
手心主之筋病，当所过者支转筋，前及胸痛息贲。（手厥阴之筋起于中指，结于肘内廉，上臂阴，结腋下，下散前后
挟胁，其支者入腋散胸中，结于贲，故当所过者为病如此。）治在燔针劫刺，以知为数，以痛为输，名曰孟冬痹也。（手
厥阴以两阴交尽之经，故应十月之气。）
手少阴之筋病，内急，心承伏梁，下为肘网，其病当所过者支转筋，筋痛。（承，承于下也。伏梁，坚伏之积也。网，
如罗网之牵急也。手少阴之筋起于小指内侧，结于锐骨，上结肘内廉，上入腋，挟乳里，结于胸中，下系于脐，故在内
则为内急、为伏梁，在外则为肘网，及当其所过之处则为转筋、筋痛等病。）治在燔针劫刺，以知为数，以痛为输。（义
如前。）其成伏梁唾血脓者，死不治，（脐上脐下皆为伏梁。若伏梁已成而唾见血脓者，病剧藏伤，故死不治。）名曰季冬
痹也。（手少阴之经，应十二月之气也。此节旧在后无用燔针之下，盖误次也，今移正于此。）
经筋之病，寒则反折筋急，热则筋弛纵不收，阴痿不用。阳急则反折，阴急则俯不伸。（此以下皆结上文经筋为病而
总言之也。阳急、阴急，指足太阳、太阴为言，皆为背病，阳急在外，则反张而折，阴急在内，则俯不能伸也。） 刺者
刺寒急也。热则筋纵不收，无用燔针。（筋痹之病属寒者多，故以上皆言治在燔针劫刺；然有因于热者，治当远热，无用
燔针，验在筋之急与纵耳。）足之阳明，手之太阳，筋急则口目为 ， 急不能卒视，治皆如上方也。（此申言口眼歪僻
之证，必系足阳明、手太阳之筋病也。 ，僻同。）
（出自《灵枢·经筋篇》。这一章与经络类第四章同出一篇，义理相通，应当互相参照阅读。）
足太阳之筋发生病变，小趾支撑不适，脚跟肿痛，拘挛。（其筋起于足小趾，结聚于脚后跟上，沿跟骨结聚于腘窝。国，音guó。）脊柱反折，项部筋脉拘急，肩部不能抬起，腋部支撑不适，缺盆中扭转疼痛，头颈不可左右转动。（其分支结聚于臀部上方，挟脊上行至项部，其支脉结聚于肩髃穴，进入腋下，向上出于缺盆，因此出现这些病症。纽，音niǔ，切音为尼九。）治疗采用燔针劫刺的方法，以病情好转为度，以痛点作为腧穴。（燔针，即烧红的针。劫刺，指借助火气来劫散寒邪。燔针刺法之义，详见本类前文第二十条。以知为数，指以得气为限度。以痛为输，即以疼痛处作为穴位。下文依此类推。燔，音fán。）称为仲春痹。（仲春痹，是指足太阳之经对应二月的气候。这与《阴阳系日月》篇的义理相同，只是该篇以左足右足区分十二经，主应十二月，而本篇以手六经、足六经分主十二月，大概是为了辨别阴阳盛衰的意义。详见经络类第三十四条。另外手足阴阳应十二月图，在《图翼》第四卷。其余依此类推。）
足少阳之筋发生病变，小趾和次趾支撑不适并转筋，牵引膝外侧转筋，膝盖不能屈伸，腘窝筋脉拘急。（足少阳之筋，起于小趾和次趾，向上沿小腿外侧，结聚于膝外侧。）向前牵引大腿，向后牵引尻部，若上乘至季胁则季胁疼痛，（其筋的支脉向上走至大腿，前方的结聚于伏兔穴，后方的结聚于尻部，直行的上乘至季胁。）向上牵引缺盆、胸膺、乳部和颈部，维筋拘急，（其直行者系于胸膺乳部，结聚于缺盆，向上沿耳后。维，指牵系的意思。）病从左向右发展，右眼不能睁开，经脉上过右侧额角，并与跷脉并行，左侧络脉联络于右侧，（从左向右发病则右眼不开，说明右病源于左。那么左眼不开，可知病源于右。角，指额角。并跷脉而行，指阴跷脉和阳跷脉，阴阳相交，阳入阴，阴出阳，交于目外眦，所以左络于右。）所以损伤左侧额角，右侧足部就不能使用，这叫做维筋相交。（损伤左侧额角的筋而右侧足不能使用，那么从右向左的情况也是如此，大概是因为筋的维系络脉相互交错如此。）治疗采用燔针劫刺的方法，以病情好转为度，以痛点作为腧穴，（义理如前所述。）称为孟春痹。（足少阳为生阳之经，所以对应正月的气候。详细义理如前所述。）
足阳明之筋发生病变，足中趾支撑不适，小腿转筋，脚跳动且坚硬，（本经之筋起于中趾，结聚于足背上，邪气向外上行，加于辅骨，向上结聚于膝外侧，直行的向上沿伏兔，结聚于膝。跳，指跳动；坚，指坚强。）伏兔处转筋，大腿前部肿胀，疝气，腹部筋脉拘急，（其直行者向上沿伏兔结聚于大腿，聚于阴器，向上至腹部布散。（ ， 同音。）牵引缺盆及面颊，突然口眼歪斜，拘急者眼睛不能闭合，热证则筋弛纵眼睛不能睁开。面颊部的筋受寒则拘急，牵引面颊导致口歪；有热则筋弛纵松弛，无法收摄所以歪斜。（僻，指歪斜。其筋自缺盆上至颈部面颊挟持口部，向上合于太阳经，太阳经为目上网，阳明经为目下网，所以凡是眼睛不能闭合或睁开，口部拘急、弛纵、歪斜的，都是足阳明之筋的病，寒则拘急而热则弛缓。）治疗用马膏，涂敷在拘急的一侧，用白酒调和桂枝，涂敷在弛缓的一侧，用桑木做的钩子钩住矫正，随即用生桑炭放在坑中，高低以坐姿相等，用膏熨烫拘急的面颊，同时饮用美酒，吃烤好的肉，不喝酒的人也要勉强喝一点，做三次抚摩即可。（马膏，即马脂，其性味甘平柔润，能养筋治疗痹症，所以可以用它涂敷在拘急的一侧。白酒和桂，性味辛温，能通经络，行血脉，所以可以用来涂敷在弛缓的一侧。桑的性质平和，能利关节，除风寒湿痹各种疼痛，所以用桑钩钩正口角。再用生桑火炭，放在地上的坑中。高低以坐姿相等，是想让深浅适中，便于坐着接受温暖。然后用前面的膏熨烫拘急的面颊，并且饮美酒，吃美肉，都是助血舒筋的方法。虽然不善饮酒，也要勉强喝。三拊而已，是说再三抚摩患处，病自然就好了。啖，音dàn。拊，音fǔ。）治疗采用燔针劫刺的方法，以病情好转为度，以痛点作为腧穴，称为季春痹。（足阳明是正气旺盛的经，对应三月的气候。其余义理如前所述。）
足太阴之筋发生病变，足大趾支撑不适，内踝疼痛，转筋疼痛，（足太阴之筋起于大趾末端，向上结聚于内踝。）膝内侧辅骨疼痛，大腿内侧牵引大腿根部疼痛，阴器扭转疼痛，向下牵引脐部和两胁疼痛，牵引胸膺中部和脊内疼痛。（其直行者络于膝内侧辅骨，向上至大腿内侧，结聚于大腿，聚于阴器，向上至脐腹胸胁，内部的附着于脊柱。）治疗采用燔针劫刺的方法，以病情好转为度，以痛点作为腧穴，称为孟秋痹。（孟秋应当是仲秋，此处与下文足少阴条有误，应当互换。因为足太阴之经，对应八月的气候。）
足少阴之筋发生病变，足底转筋，以及经过并结聚的地方都疼痛且转筋，（足少阴之筋起于小趾之下，所以病见足底转筋。所经过并结聚的地方，因为它与足太阴之筋并行，斜走内踝之下，结聚于脚后跟，又与太阳之筋相合，向上结聚于内辅骨之下，又并太阴之筋向上沿大腿内侧，结聚于阴器，都能引起疼痛和转筋。）患此病的主要表现为癫痫抽搐和痉病，（痫，即癫痫。螈，指牵急。痉，指身体强直反张，比螈更严重。足少阴为一水之经，真阴受伤，所以出现这些病症。螈，音chì。痉，音jìng。）在外侧不能俯身，在内侧不能仰身，所以阳病者腰背反折不能俯身，阴病者不能仰身。（在外侧，与太阳之筋相合，所以不能俯身。在内侧，沿脊柱内部挟持脊肉上行至项部，所以不能仰身。阳病者，即在外侧者。阴病者，即在内侧者。 ，同“俯”。）治疗采用燔针劫刺的方法，以病情好转为度，以痛点作为腧穴，（义理如前，这是治疗外侧的。）在内侧的用熨法牵引并服药，此筋发生严重的扭转，扭转发作频繁严重的，死亡且无法治疗，（熨引用来舒展筋脉，服药用来养血。折纽，即严重的转筋。发作日子多，病情日益严重的，是阴亏至极，所以死亡且无法治疗。）称为仲秋痹。（仲秋有误，应当是孟秋，因为足少阴为生阴之经，对应七月的气候。义理详见前文太阴太阳条下。）
足厥阴之筋发生病变，足大趾支撑不适，内踝前方疼痛，内辅骨疼痛，大腿内侧疼痛转筋，（足厥阴之筋起于大趾之上，结聚于内踝前方，又结聚于内辅骨之下，向上沿大腿内侧。）阴器功能丧失，伤于内则勃起不起，伤于寒则阴囊收缩入腹，伤于热则弛纵挺长不收。（阴器，指前阴器官，厥阴之筋结聚于此，阴器患病，有此三种不同表现。）治疗在于行水清阴气。（清，治理。这里说应当用药治疗，在于通行水脏而调畅阴气，因为水是肝之母。）如果病见转筋，治疗采用燔针劫刺的方法，以病情好转为度，以痛点作为腧穴，（转筋者，治疗应当在经脉上进行。）称为季秋痹。（足厥阴是阴尽之经，所以对应九月的气候。）
手太阳之筋发生病变，小趾支撑不适，肘内侧锐骨后方疼痛，沿背部内侧进入腋下，腋下疼痛，腋后缘疼痛，绕肩胛牵引颈部疼痛，伴随耳中鸣响疼痛牵引下颌，眼睛闭合良久才能视物，（手太阳之筋起于小指，向上结聚于腕，结聚于肘内侧锐骨之后，向上结聚于腋下，上肩沿颈部结聚于耳后，结聚于下颌，向上属连目外眦，所以疼痛牵引耳和下颌，则闭目良久才可开视。颔，音hàn，切音为何敢。）颈部筋脉拘急则形成筋瘤颈部肿块，颈部有寒热的，治疗采用燔针劫刺的方法，以病情好转为度，以痛点作为腧穴，（筋瘤颈部肿块，即鼠瘰之类。 音lòu。）如果形成肿块，再次用锐针刺破。（针刺后肿块不退的，再次针刺，应当用锐针，即锋针。）本经支脉，向上至曲牙穴，沿耳前，属连目外眦，上至额角结聚于额角，其疼痛在所过之处支撑转筋。（本支者，即其直行支脉。角，指耳上角。凡在所经过的地方，都能转筋而痛。）治疗采用燔针劫刺的方法，以病情好转为度，以痛点作为腧穴，（义理如前。）称为仲夏痹。（手太阳之经，对应五月的气候。）
手少阳之筋发生病变，在其所经过的地方即出现支撑转筋，舌卷缩。（手少阳之筋起于小指和次趾末端，结聚于腕，向上沿手臂结聚于肘，向上绕肘外侧廉上肩走颈，其支脉正当曲颊进入系于舌根，所以在所经过的地方出现转筋而痛。）治疗采用燔针劫刺的方法，以病情好转为度，以痛点作为腧穴，（义理如前。）称为季夏痹。（手少阳之经，对应六月的气候。）
手阳明之筋发生病变，在其所经过的地方出现支撑疼痛及转筋，肩部不能抬起，颈部不能左右转动。（手阳明之筋起于大拇指和次指末端，结聚于腕，向上结聚于肘外侧，向上结聚于肩峰，其支脉绕肩胛挟脊，直行的从肩上颈，又一支脉上颊结聚于颧，又直者上左侧额角络头下右侧下颌，所以在所经过的地方出现支撑疼痛转筋如此。）治疗采用燔针劫刺的方法，以病情好转为度，以痛点作为腧穴，称为孟夏痹。（手阳明是两阳合明之经，所以对应四月的气候。）
手太阴之筋发生病变，在其所经过的地方出现支撑转筋疼痛，严重时形成息贲，胁部拘急吐血。（手太阴之筋起于大拇指，循指向上结聚于鱼际后，向上沿手臂进入肘中，向上沿臂内侧廉，进入腋下，出于缺盆，结聚于肩前，向上结聚于缺盆，向下结聚于胸里，散布贯穿贲门，合于贲门下，抵季胁，所以其所经过的地方应当转筋疼痛严重时病成这样。）治疗采用燔针劫刺的方法，以病情好转为度，以痛点作为腧穴，称为仲冬痹。（手太阴之经，对应十一月的气候。）
手心主之筋发生病变，在其所经过的地方出现支撑转筋，向前及胸痛息贲。（手厥阴之筋起于中指，结聚于肘内侧廉，上臂内侧，结聚于腋下，向下散布前后挟胁，其支脉入腋下散布胸中，结聚于贲门，所以在所经过的地方病成这样。）治疗采用燔针劫刺的方法，以病情好转为度，以痛点作为腧穴，称为孟冬痹。（手厥阴是两阴交尽之经，所以对应十月的气候。）
手少阴之筋发生病变，内部拘急，心下有伏梁积块，下部形成肘网，其病在所经过的地方出现支撑转筋，筋痛。（承，承于下方。伏梁，坚伏的积块。网，如罗网的牵急。手少阴之筋起于小指内侧，结聚于锐骨，向上结聚于肘内侧廉，向上入腋下，挟乳里，结聚于胸中，向下系于脐，所以在内则为内急、为伏梁，在外则为肘网，及在所经过的地方则为转筋、筋痛等病。）治疗采用燔针劫刺的方法，以病情好转为度，以痛点作为腧穴，（义理如前。）如果形成伏梁并唾血脓的，死亡且无法治疗，（脐上脐下皆为伏梁。如果伏梁已成而唾见血脓的，病重脏伤，所以死亡且无法治疗。）称为季冬痹。（手少阴之经，对应十二月的气候。此节旧时在后面无用燔针之下，大概是次序错误，现在移正于此。）
经筋的病，受寒则反折筋脉拘急，受热则筋脉弛纵不收，阳痿不用。阳侧拘急则身体反折，阴侧拘急则俯身不能伸展。（以下皆总结上文经筋为病而言。阳急、阴急，指足太阳、太阴而言，都为背部疾病，阳急在外，则反张而折，阴急在内，则俯不能伸。）燔针是用来治疗寒性拘急的。热证则筋纵不收，不要用燔针。（筋痹的病属于寒的多，所以上面都说治疗采用燔针劫刺；然而有因于热的，治疗应当远离热，不要用燔针，验证在于筋的拘急与弛纵。足阳明经，手太阳经，筋脉拘急则口眼歪斜，拘急不能卒然视物，治疗都像上述方法一样。）
(From the *Ling Shu: Jing Jin Chapter*. This chapter originates from the same source as Chapter 4 of the Meridians category; their principles are interconnected and should be read in conjunction.)
When the sinews of the Foot-Taiyang channel are diseased, there is discomfort supporting the little toe, swelling and pain at the heel, and spasms. (The sinews originate from the little toe, converge above the calcaneus, follow the heel to converge at the popliteal fossa. 'Guo' sounds like 'guo'.) The spine may arch backward, the neck sinews become tense, the shoulder cannot be lifted, there is discomfort in the axilla, twisting pain in the supraclavicular fossa, and inability to turn the head left or right. (Its branch converges above the buttock, runs along the spine to the neck; its collateral converges at Jianyu (LI15), enters the axilla, and emerges superiorly at the supraclavicular fossa, hence these symptoms. 'Niu' sounds like 'niu', phonetic ni-jiu.) Treatment involves burning needle rapid puncture (Fanzhen Jiesi), using the improvement of condition as the criterion for stopping, and using the painful point as the acupoint. (Burning needle refers to a heated needle. Rapid puncture implies dispersing cold pathogens by leveraging the heat. The principle of burning needle acupuncture is detailed in Part 20 of this category earlier. Using improvement as the criterion means stopping when Qi arrives. Using the painful point as the acupoint means selecting the tender spot as the point. The following follows this rule. 'Fan' sounds like 'fan'.) This is called Zhongchun Bi (Mid-Spring Obstruction). (Zhongchun Bi corresponds to the Qi of the second lunar month associated with the Foot-Taiyang channel. This aligns with the principle in the *Yin Yang Xi Ri Yue* chapter, though that chapter distinguishes the twelve channels by left and right feet corresponding to the twelve months, whereas this chapter assigns them by hand and foot channels, likely to distinguish the meaning of Yin-Yang excess and deficiency. See Meridians Category 34. Also, the diagram of Hand and Foot Yin-Yang corresponding to twelve months is in Volume 4 of *Tu Yi*. The rest follows similarly.)
When the sinews of the Foot-Shaoyang channel are diseased, there is discomfort and spasms in the little toe and second toe, leading to spasms on the lateral side of the knee, with the knee unable to flex or extend, and tension in the popliteal region. (The sinews of Foot-Shaoyang originate from the little and second toes, ascend along the lateral aspect of the lower leg, and converge at the lateral aspect of the knee.) Anteriorly, they pull the thigh; posteriorly, they pull the sacrum. If they ascend to reach the costal margin, there is pain in the hypochondrium. (The branch ascends to the thigh; the anterior part converges at Futu (ST37), the posterior part at the sacrum; the straight portion ascends to the costal margin.) Superiorly, they pull the supraclavicular fossa, chest, breast, and neck, causing tension in the Weijin sinews. (The straight portion connects to the chest and breast, converges at the supraclavicular fossa, and ascends behind the ear. 'Wei' refers to tethering/holding. When pathology moves from left to right, the right eye fails to open; passing over the right frontal angle, it travels alongside the Qiao meridians, with the left collateral connecting to the right. (Left-to-right pathology causes right eye closure, indicating right-sided disease originating from the left. Thus, left eye closure indicates right-sided origin. 'Jiao' refers to the frontal angle. Traveling with Qiao meridians refers to the intersection of Yin-Qiao and Yang-Qiao; Yang enters Yin, Yin exits Yang, intersecting at the outer canthus, hence left connects to right.) Therefore, injury to the left frontal angle renders the right foot useless; this is called Weijin Xiangjiao (Crossed Connection of Tethering Sinews). (Injury to the sinews of the left frontal angle causes right foot dysfunction; conversely, right-to-left pathology behaves similarly, due to such crossed interconnection of sinew tethers.) Treatment involves burning needle rapid puncture, using improvement as the criterion, and the painful point as the acupoint. (Principle as before.) This is called Mengchun Bi (Early Spring Obstruction). (Foot-Shaoyang is the channel of generating Yang, thus corresponding to the first lunar month. Detailed principle as before.)
When the sinews of the Foot-Yangming channel are diseased, there is discomfort in the middle toe, spasms in the lower leg, jumping and hardness of the foot. (The sinews of this channel originate from the middle toe, converge on the dorsum of the foot; pathogenic factors ascend externally, add to the fibula, and converge at the lateral knee; the straight portion ascends along Futu, converging at the knee. 'Tiao' means jumping; 'Jian' means hard.) Spasms at Futu, swelling anterior to the thigh, hernia, and abdominal tendon tension. (The straight portion ascends along Futu to converge at the thigh, gathers at the genitalia, and distributes upward to the abdomen. (' ', ' ' are identical.) They pull the supraclavicular fossa and cheek, causing sudden facial deviation. In cases of tension, the eyes cannot close; in heat conditions, sinews relax and eyes cannot open. Cold in the cheek sinews causes tension, pulling the cheek and shifting the mouth; heat causes sinew relaxation and flaccidity, leading to inability to control and resulting in deviation. ('Pi' means deviation. The sinews go from the supraclavicular fossa up the neck and cheek, surrounding the mouth, and converge with the Taiyang channel. Taiyang is the upper net of the eye, Yangming is the lower net. Thus, any inability to close/open eyes, or tension/flaccidity/deviation of the mouth, are diseases of Foot-Yangming sinews: cold causes tension, heat causes relaxation.) Treatment uses horse fat (Magao) to apply to the tense side, and white wine mixed with Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi) applied to the flaccid side. Use a mulberry wood hook to correct the position, place raw mulberry charcoal in a pit, adjust height to match sitting posture, apply the ointment to warm the tense cheek, drink fine wine, eat roasted meat. Those who do not drink alcohol should force themselves to do so. Perform three massages. (Horse fat is soft and moist, nourishing sinews and treating Bi, hence used for the tense side. White wine and Cinnamon Twig are pungent and warm, unblocking meridians and promoting blood circulation, hence used for the flaccid side. Mulberry is neutral, benefiting joints and removing wind-cold-dampness Bi pain, hence the hook straightens the mouth. Raw mulberry charcoal in a pit provides warmth suitable for sitting. Applying the ointment warms the tense cheek. Drinking wine and eating meat aids blood and relaxes sinews. Even if one cannot drink, one should try. 'San fu yi er' means massaging the affected area repeatedly until the disease resolves. 'Dan' sounds like 'dan'. 'Fu' sounds like 'fu'.) Treatment also involves burning needle rapid puncture, using improvement as the criterion, and the painful point as the acupoint. This is called Jichun Bi (Late Spring Obstruction). (Foot-Yangming is the channel of abundant Qi, corresponding to the third lunar month. Rest as before.)
When the sinews of the Foot-Taiyin channel are diseased, there is discomfort in the big toe, pain at the medial malleolus, and painful spasms. (The sinews of Foot-Taiyin originate from the tip of the big toe and ascend to converge at the medial malleolus.) Pain at the medial condyle of the knee, pain radiating from the medial thigh to the hip, twisting pain in the genitalia, downward traction to the umbilicus and bilateral hypochondrium, and pain in the chest and inner spine. (The straight portion networks at the medial knee condyle, ascends the medial thigh, converges at the hip, gathers at the genitalia, ascends to the umbilical/abdominal/chest/hypochondriac regions, and the internal part attaches to the spine.) Treatment involves burning needle rapid puncture, using improvement as the criterion, and the painful point as the acupoint. This is called Mengqiu Bi (Early Autumn Obstruction). ('Mengqiu' should be 'Zhongqiu'; there is an error here and in the subsequent Foot-Shaoyin section, which should be swapped. Foot-Taiyin corresponds to the eighth lunar month.)
When the sinews of the Foot-Shaoyin channel are diseased, there are spasms in the sole of the foot, and pain with spasms at all points where the sinews pass and converge. (Foot-Shaoyin sinews originate below the little toe, hence spasms in the sole. The passing/converging points involve running obliquely below the medial malleolus with Foot-Taiyin sinews, converging at the heel, combining with Taiyang sinews, ascending to converge below the medial knee condyle, then running up the medial thigh with Taiyin sinews to converge at the genitalia, all capable of causing pain and spasms.) Diseases here primarily manifest as epilepsy, convulsions, and stiffness. (Epilepsy refers to Dianxian. 'Yuan' refers to pulling/tension. 'Jing' refers to severe rigidity and opisthotonos, worse than Yuan. Foot-Shaoyin is the channel of Heavenly Water; injury to True Yin causes these diseases. 'Yuan' sounds like 'chi'. 'Jing' sounds like 'jing'.) On the exterior, one cannot bend forward; on the interior, one cannot lean back. Thus, Yang disease patients exhibit opisthotonos and cannot bend; Yin disease patients cannot lean back. (Exterior combines with Taiyang sinews, hence cannot bend. Interior runs along the spine inside the paraspinal muscles to the neck, hence cannot lean back. Yang disease refers to exterior involvement. Yin disease refers to interior involvement. 'Fu' is synonymous with 'bend'.) Treatment involves burning needle rapid puncture, using improvement as the criterion, and the painful point as the acupoint. (Principle as before; this treats the exterior.) For interior involvement, use warming moxibustion/fomentation to guide Qi and administer herbs. If the sinews undergo severe twisting, and frequent/severe episodes occur, death is inevitable and untreatable. (Warming/guiding relaxes sinews; herbs nourish blood. 'Zhe Niu' refers to severe spasms. Frequent and worsening episodes indicate extreme Yin deficiency, hence fatal and untreatable.) This is called Zhongqiu Bi (Mid-Autumn Obstruction). ('Zhongqiu' is an error; it should be 'Mengqiu', as Foot-Shaoyin is the channel of generating Yin, corresponding to the seventh lunar month. Principle detailed under Taiyin/Taiyang sections earlier.)
When the sinews of the Foot-Jueyin channel are diseased, there is discomfort in the big toe, pain anterior to the medial malleolus, pain at the medial condyle, and pain with spasms in the medial thigh. (Foot-Jueyin sinews originate above the big toe, converge anterior to the medial malleolus, converge below the medial knee condyle, and ascend the medial thigh.) Genital dysfunction: injury internally leads to impotence; injury to cold causes retraction of the penis; injury to heat causes flaccidity and prolapse without retraction. (Genitalia refer to the external organs; Jueyin sinews converge here. Diseases of the genitalia present with these three variations.) Treatment focuses on circulating water and clearing Yin Qi. ('Qing' means regulate. This implies herbal treatment to promote water organ function and regulate Yin Qi, as Water is the mother of Liver.) If spasms occur, treatment involves burning needle rapid puncture, using improvement as the criterion, and the painful point as the acupoint. (For spasms, treatment should target the meridian.) This is called Jiqiu Bi (Late Autumn Obstruction). (Foot-Jueyin is the end of Yin, thus corresponding to the ninth lunar month.)
When the sinews of the Hand-Taiyang channel are diseased, there is discomfort in the little finger, pain behind the sharp bone of the medial elbow, pain entering the axilla along the back's interior, axillary pain, pain at the posterior axillary fold, pain wrapping around the scapula and pulling the neck, tinnitus/pain in the ear pulling to the mandible, and prolonged eye closure before vision returns. (Hand-Taiyang sinews originate from the little finger, converge at the wrist, behind the medial elbow sharp bone, at the axilla, shoulder, neck, behind the ear, mandible, and connect to the outer canthus. Hence pain pulls to ear/mandible, requiring prolonged eye closure to see. 'Han' sounds like 'han', phonetic he-gan.) Neck sinew tension leads to neck masses (Jing Lei), and neck cold-heat syndromes are treated with burning needle rapid puncture, using improvement as the criterion, and the painful point as the acupoint. (Neck masses refer to types of Scrofula. 'Lou' sounds like 'lou'.) If swelling persists, repeat puncture with a sharp needle. (If swelling does not recede after initial puncture, puncture again using a sharp needle, i.e., Feng Zhen.) The main branch ascends to Quya, follows the front of the ear, connects to the outer canthus, and converges at the frontal angle. Pain occurs with spasms at all passing points. (Main branch is the straight branch. 'Jiao' is the upper ear angle. All passing points can cause spasms and pain.) Treatment involves burning needle rapid puncture, using improvement as the criterion, and the painful point as the acupoint. (Principle as before.) This is called Zhongxia Bi (Mid-Summer Obstruction). (Hand-Taiyang corresponds to the fifth lunar month.)
When the sinews of the Hand-Shaoyang channel are diseased, spasms and pain occur at all passing points, and the tongue curls. (Hand-Shaoyang sinews originate from the tips of the little and second fingers, converge at the wrist, ascend the arm to converge at the elbow, wrap around the lateral elbow to the shoulder and neck. Their branch enters the jaw and ties to the root of the tongue. Hence, passing points cause spasms and pain.) Treatment involves burning needle rapid puncture, using improvement as the criterion, and the painful point as the acupoint. (Principle as before.) This is called Jixia Bi (Late Summer Obstruction). (Hand-Shaoyang corresponds to the sixth lunar month.)
When the sinews of the Hand-Yangming channel are diseased, support pain and spasms occur at all passing points, the shoulder cannot be lifted, and the neck cannot turn left or right. (Hand-Yangming sinews originate from the tips of the thumb and index finger, converge at the wrist, ascend to converge at the lateral elbow, and at the shoulder peak. Their branch wraps the scapula and clamps the spine; the straight portion goes from the shoulder to the neck. Another branch ascends to the cheek and converges at the zygoma; another straight portion goes to the left frontal angle, networks the head, and descends to the right mandible. Hence, passing points cause support pain and spasms.) Treatment involves burning needle rapid puncture, using improvement as the criterion, and the painful point as the acupoint. This is called Mengxia Bi (Early Summer Obstruction). (Hand-Yangming is the channel of combined Yang brightness, thus corresponding to the fourth lunar month.)
When the sinews of the Hand-Taiyin channel are diseased, support spasms and pain occur at all passing points; severely, this forms Xiben (Breathful Accumulation), with tight hypochondrium and hemoptysis. (Hand-Taiyin sinews originate from the thumb, ascend along the finger to converge behind the Thenar eminence, ascend the arm into the elbow, along the medial arm into the axilla, emerge at the supraclavicular fossa, converge at the anterior shoulder, ascend to the supraclavicular fossa, descend to converge in the chest interior, disperse through the diaphragm/cardiac region, merge below the diaphragm, reach the costal margin. Hence, passing points cause spasms/pain, and severe disease manifests as described.) Treatment involves burning needle rapid puncture, using improvement as the criterion, and the painful point as the acupoint. This is called Zhongdong Bi (Mid-Winter Obstruction). (Hand-Taiyin corresponds to the eleventh lunar month.)
When the sinews of the Hand-Zhongying (Pericardium) channel are diseased, support spasms occur at all passing points, extending anteriorly to chest pain and Xiben. (Hand-Jueyin sinews originate from the middle finger, converge at the medial elbow, ascend the medial arm, converge at the axilla, disperse anteriorly/posteriorly clamping the ribs. Their branch enters the axilla, disperses in the chest, converges at the diaphragm/cardiac region. Hence, passing points cause such diseases.) Treatment involves burning needle rapid puncture, using improvement as the criterion, and the painful point as the acupoint. This is called Mengdong Bi (Early Winter Obstruction). (Hand-Jueyin is the end of combined Yin, thus corresponding to the tenth lunar month.)
When the sinews of the Hand-Shaoyin channel are diseased, there is internal tension, Heart Fu Liang (substantial accumulation under the heart), and an elbow net-like tension below. Diseases at passing points include support spasms and sinew pain. ('Cheng' means supported below. 'Fu Liang' is a firm, hidden accumulation. 'Wang' is like a net's tension. Hand-Shaoyin sinews originate from the medial little finger, converge at the sharp bone, ascend to the medial elbow, enter the axilla, clamp the breast interior, converge in the chest, and descend to tie to the umbilicus. Hence, internally they cause internal tension and Fu Liang; externally they form the elbow net; at passing points they cause spasms/pain.) Treatment involves burning needle rapid puncture, using improvement as the criterion, and the painful point as the acupoint. (Principle as before.) If Fu Liang forms with expectoration of blood and pus, death is inevitable and untreatable. (Fu Liang exists above and below the umbilicus. If Fu Liang is established with bloody/purulent sputum, the disease is severe and visceral damage is critical, hence fatal and untreatable.) This is called Jidong Bi (Late Winter Obstruction). (Hand-Shaoyin corresponds to the twelfth lunar month. This section was previously misplaced after the non-burning needle section; it has been corrected here.)
Diseases of the Jing Jin (Sinew Channels): Cold causes reverse bending and sinew tension; heat causes sinew flaccidity and inability to retract, leading to impotence and dysfunction. Yang-side tension causes reverse bending; Yin-side tension causes inability to extend while bending. (The following summarizes sinew diseases. Yang/Yin tension refers to Foot-Taiyang and Foot-Taiyin, both affecting the back. Yang tension is exterior, causing opisthotonos; Yin tension is interior, causing inability to bend forward.) Burning needles treat cold-induced tension. Heat causes flaccidity; burning needles should not be used. (Most Bi diseases of sinews are cold-related, hence previous treatments specified burning needles. However, heat-induced cases require avoiding heat and not using burning needles; verification lies in whether sinews are tense or flaccid. Foot-Yangming and Hand-Taiyang sinew tension causes facial deviation and inability to see suddenly; treatment follows the methods above. ('Pi' is synonymous with 'deviation'.))