（素问四气调神论）
春三月，此谓发陈，（发，启也。陈，故也。春阳上升，发育庶物，启故从新，故曰发陈。）天地俱生，万物以荣，（万
象更新也。夜卧早起，广步于庭，广，大也。所以布发生之气也。）被发缓形，以使志生，（缓，和缓也。举动和缓以应
春气，则神定而志生，是即所以使也。后彼此。）生而勿杀，予而勿夺，赏而勿罚，（皆所以养发生之德也。故君子于启
蛰不杀，方长不折。予，与同。）此春气之应，养生之道也。（四时之令，春生夏长，秋收冬藏。凡此应春气者，正所以
养生气也。）逆之则伤肝，夏为寒变，奉长者少。（逆，不顺也。奉，承也。肝属木，王于春。春失所养，故伤肝，肝伤
则心火失其所生。故当夏令则火有不足，而寒水侮之，因为寒变。寒变者，变热为寒也。春生既逆，承生气而夏长者少
矣。
夏三月，此谓蕃秀，（蕃，茂也。阳王已极，万物俱盛，故曰蕃秀。蕃音烦。）天地气交，万物华实，（岁气阴阳盛衰，
其交在夏，故曰天地气交。斯时也，阳气生长于前，阴气收成于后，故万物华实。）夜卧早起，无厌于日，（起卧同于春
时，不宜藏也。无厌于长日，气不宜惰也。）使志无怒，使华英成秀，（长夏火土用事，怒则肝气易逆，脾土易伤，故欲
使志无怒，则华英成秀。华英，言神气也。）使气得泄，若所爱在外，（夏气欲其疏泄，泄则肤腠宣通，故若所爱在外。）
此夏气之应，养长之道也。（凡此应夏气者，正所以养长气也。长，上声。）逆之则伤心，秋为 疟，奉收者少，（心属火，
王于夏。夏失所养，故伤心，心伤则暑气乘之，至秋而金气收敛，暑邪内郁，于是阴欲入而阳拒之，故为寒，火欲出而
阴束之，故为热，金火相争，故寒热往来而为 疟。夏长既逆，承长气而秋收者少矣。 音皆。）冬至重病。（火病者畏
水也。）
秋三月，此谓容平，（阴升阳降，大火西行，秋容平定，故曰容平。）天气以急，地气以明，（风气劲疾曰急。物色清
肃曰明。）早卧早起，与鸡俱兴，（早卧以避初寒，早起以从新爽。）使志安宁，以缓秋刑，（阳和日退，阴寒日生，故欲
神志安宁，以避肃杀之气。）收敛神气，使秋气平，无外其志，使肺气清，（皆所以顺秋气，欲使肺金清净也。）此秋气之
应，养收之道也。（凡此应秋气者，正所以养收气也。）逆之则伤肺，冬为飧泄，奉藏者少。（肺属金，王于秋。秋失所养，
故伤肺，肺伤则肾水失其所生，故当冬令而为肾虚飧泄。飧泄者，水谷不分而为寒泄也。秋收既逆，承收气而冬藏者少
矣。飧音孙。）
冬三月，此谓闭藏，（阳气藏伏，闭塞成冬也。）水冰地坼，无扰乎阳，（坼，裂也。天地闭塞，故不可烦扰以泄阳气。
坼音策。）早卧晚起，必待日光，（所以避寒也。）使志若伏若匿，若有私意，若已有得，（皆所以法冬令，欲其自重，无
妄动也。）去寒就温，无泄皮肤，使气亟夺，（去寒就温。所以养阳，无使泄夺，所以养气。亟，数也。 真氏曰∶冬气
闭藏不密，温暖无霜雪，则来年阳气无力，五谷不登；人身亦是如此，静时纷扰，则动时安能中节？故周子以主静为本，
程子以主敬为本，其理一也。亟，棘、器二音。）此冬气之应，养藏之道也。（凡此应冬气者，正所以养脏气也。）逆之则
伤肾，春为痿厥，奉生者少。（肾属水，王于冬。冬失所养，故伤肾，肾伤则肝木失其所生，肝主筋，故当春令而筋病为
痿。阳欲藏，故冬不能藏，则阳虚为厥。冬藏既逆，承脏气而春生者少矣。）
《素问·四气调神大论》
春季的三个月，被称为“发陈”。（发，是开启的意思。陈，是陈旧的意思。春阳之气上升，发育各种生物，开启旧态以迎新，所以叫作“发陈”。）天地生机共同萌动，万物因此繁荣茂盛。（万象更新。夜晚睡觉，早晨起床，在庭院中大步漫步，“广”意为广大、舒展。这是为了布散生发之气。）披散头发，放松形体，以使情志生发舒畅。（缓，是和缓的意思。举动和缓以顺应春气，则神志安定而情志生发，这就是所谓的“使”。后文同理。）生长万物而不杀害，给予而不剥夺，奖赏而不惩罚。（这些都是为了培养生发的德行。所以君子在蛰虫始出时不杀生，在万物生长时不折损枝条。予，即给予。）这是顺应春气的做法，是养生的原则。（四季的时令，春生、夏长、秋收、冬藏。凡是顺应春气的行为，正是为了养护生气。）如果违背它，就会损伤肝脏，到了夏天会发生寒性病变，因为供给夏季生长的能量就少了。（逆，是不顺从的意思。奉，是承接的意思。肝属木，旺于春季。春季失去调养，所以损伤肝脏，肝受伤则心火失去所生之源。所以在夏令时火气不足，寒水来欺凌它，从而发生寒变。寒变，是指将热证变为寒证。春天的生发之气既然被违背，承接生气而到夏季生长的力量就少了。）
夏季的三个月，被称为“蕃秀”。（蕃，是茂盛的意思。阳气旺盛到了极点，万物都丰盛盛大，所以叫作“蕃秀”。蕃音同“烦”。）天地之气相交，万物开花结果。（岁气阴阳盛衰，其交汇点在夏季，所以叫作“天地气交”。这个时候，阳气在前生长，阴气在后收成，所以万物开花结实。）夜晚睡觉，早晨起床，不要厌恶烈日。（起卧时间与春季相同，不宜隐藏。不厌恶漫长的白昼，气机不宜懒惰。）使情志不愤怒，使精神华美秀外。（长夏时节火土当令，愤怒则肝气容易上逆，脾土容易受伤，所以希望情志不愤怒，则精神华美秀外。华英，指神气。）使气机得以疏泄，好像喜爱在外一样。（夏气希望其疏泄，疏泄则皮肤腠理宣通，所以感觉像喜爱在外面活动。）这是顺应夏气的做法，是养长的原则。（凡是顺应夏气的行为，正是为了养护长气。长，读上声。）如果违背它，就会损伤心脏，到了秋天会发生疟疾，因为供给秋季收敛的能量就少了。（心属火，旺于夏季。夏季失去调养，所以损伤心脏，心受伤则暑气乘虚而入，到了秋季金气收敛，暑邪内郁，于是阴气想进入但阳气抗拒它，所以表现为寒；火气想出来但阴气束缚它，所以表现为热，金火相争，所以寒热往来而成为疟疾。夏天的长养之气既然被违背，承接长气而到秋季收敛的力量就少了。疟音同“皆”。）如果在冬至日病情加重。（火病者畏惧水气。）
秋季的三个月，被称为“容平”。（阴气上升，阳气下降，大火星西行，秋天的景象平静安定，所以叫作“容平”。）天气劲急，地气清明。（风势劲疾称为“急”。物色清肃称为“明”。）早睡早起，与鸡鸣同时作息。（早睡以避开初寒，早起以迎接清晨的清爽。）使情志安宁，以缓解秋气的肃杀之刑。（阳气温和日渐消退，阴寒之气日渐增长，所以希望神志安宁，以躲避肃杀之气。）收敛神气，使秋气平和，不要使情志外驰，以使肺气清肃。（这些都是为了顺应秋气，希望肺金保持清净。）这是顺应秋气的做法，是养收的原则。（凡是顺应秋气的行为，正是为了养护收气。）如果违背它，就会损伤肺部，到了冬天会发生完谷不化的泄泻，因为供给冬季闭藏的能量就少了。（肺属金，旺于秋季。秋季失去调养，所以损伤肺部，肺受伤则肾水失去所生之源，所以在冬令时发生肾虚导致的飧泄。飧泄，是指水谷不分而形成的寒性泄泻。秋天的收敛之气既然被违背，承接收气而到冬季闭藏的力量就少了。飧音同“孙”。）
冬季的三个月，被称为“闭藏”。（阳气潜藏伏匿，闭塞而成冬季。）水结冰，地冻裂，不要扰动阳气。（坼，是裂开的意思。天地闭塞，所以不可烦扰以泄露阳气。坼音同“策”。）早睡晚起，一定要等到太阳出来。（这是为了避寒。）使情志好像潜伏隐匿一样，好像有私密的意图，好像已经有所收获。（这些都是效法冬令，希望自重，不要妄动。）远离寒冷，靠近温暖，不要使皮肤开泄，以免气机屡次耗夺。（远离寒冷靠近温暖，是为了养护阳气；不让皮肤开泄耗夺，是为了养护气机。亟，是多次的意思。真氏说：冬气闭藏如果不严密，温暖无霜雪，那么来年阳气无力，五谷不收；人身也是如此，静的时候纷扰，动的时候怎么能合乎节度？所以周敦颐以主静为本，程颢以主敬为本，道理是一样的。亟，有棘、器两个读音。）这是顺应冬气的做法，是养藏的原则。（凡是顺应冬气的行为，正是为了养护脏气。）如果违背它，就会损伤肾脏，到了春天会发生痿厥，因为供给春季生发的能量就少了。（肾属水，旺于冬季。冬季失去调养，所以损伤肾脏，肾受伤则肝木失去所生之源，肝主筋，所以在春令时筋脉生病导致痿证。阳气想要潜藏，所以冬季不能潜藏，则阳虚导致厥冷。冬天的闭藏之气既然被违背，承接藏气而到春季生发的力量就少了。）
*Suwen: Treatise on Regulating Spirit According to the Four Qi (Seasons)*
The three months of spring are called "Fa Chen" (Developing and Renewing). ("Fa" means to initiate/open; "Chen" means old/past. Spring Yang qi ascends, nurturing all things, initiating the new from the old, hence termed "Fa Chen".) Heaven and Earth generate together, and all things flourish. (All phenomena renew. Go to bed late and rise early, take broad strides in the courtyard; "Guang" means expansive/broad. This is to distribute the generating qi.) Let hair hang loose and body relax, so as to allow the will to grow. ("Huan" means gentle/relaxed. Movements should be gentle to accord with Spring qi, thus stabilizing the spirit and allowing the will to arise; this is what is meant by "allowing". The same applies subsequently.) Promote growth but do not kill, give but do not take, reward but do not punish. (All these serve to nourish the virtue of generation. Thus, a gentleman does not kill when hibernating insects emerge, nor break branches when things are growing. "Yu" means to give.) This corresponds to Spring qi and is the way of nourishing life. (The commands of the four seasons: Spring generates, Summer grows, Autumn harvests, Winter stores. All actions corresponding to Spring qi are precisely for nourishing the generating qi.) If one violates this, the Liver is injured, and in Summer there will be cold transformations, because the resources provided for growth are scant. ("Ni" means contrary/disobedient; "Feng" means to support/supply. The Liver belongs to Wood and prospers in Spring. Losing nourishment in Spring injures the Liver; if the Liver is injured, Heart Fire loses its source. Thus, in Summer, Fire is insufficient, and Cold Water insults it, causing cold transformation. Cold transformation means changing heat into cold. Since Spring generation is violated, the capacity to receive generating qi and grow in Summer is diminished.)
The three months of summer are called "Fan Xiu" (Lush and Exuberant). ("Fan" means lush/prosperous. Yang qi reaches its peak, and all things are abundant and grand, hence "Fan Xiu". "Fan" sounds like "fan".) Heaven and Earth qi intersect, and all things flower and bear fruit. (The intersection of Yin and Yang qi of the year occurs in Summer, hence "Heaven and Earth qi intersect". At this time, Yang qi grows first, and Yin qi harvests later, so all things flower and fruit.) Go to bed late and rise early, do not dislike the sun. (Rising and sleeping times are the same as in Spring, not suitable for hiding. Do not dislike the long days; qi should not be sluggish.) Keep the will free from anger, so that the essence becomes beautiful and elegant. (In Changxia [Long Summer], Fire and Earth govern. Anger causes Liver Qi to rebel easily and Spleen Earth to be damaged. Thus, keeping the will free from anger allows the spirit to become beautiful. "Hua Ying" refers to spiritual energy.) Allow the qi to vent, as if loving what is outside. (Summer qi desires to disperse; venting makes skin and pores open and unblocked, so one feels as if loving the outdoors.) This corresponds to Summer qi and is the way of nourishing growth. (All actions corresponding to Summer qi are precisely for nourishing the growing qi. "Zhang" is pronounced with the rising tone.) If one violates this, the Heart is injured, and in Autumn there will be malaria, because the resources provided for harvesting are scant. (The Heart belongs to Fire and prospers in Summer. Losing nourishment in Summer injures the Heart; if the Heart is injured, Summer Heat pathogen takes advantage. By Autumn, Metal qi converges, Summer Heat pathogen stagnates internally. Thus, Yin wants to enter but Yang resists, causing cold; Fire wants to exit but Yin binds, causing heat. Metal and Fire contend, causing alternating chills and fever, resulting in malaria. Since Summer growth is violated, the capacity to receive growing qi and harvest in Autumn is diminished. "Nie" sounds like "jie".) Severe illness occurs at Winter Solstice. (Fire diseases fear Water.)
The three months of autumn are called "Rong Ping" (Container and Level/Stable). (Yin rises, Yang descends, the Great Fire star moves west, and the autumn appearance is calm and stable, hence "Rong Ping".) Heaven's qi is urgent, Earth's qi is clear. (Wind force swift is called "Ji/Urgent". Object colors clear and austere is called "Ming/Clear"). Go to bed early and rise early, waking with the chickens. (Sleep early to avoid initial cold; rise early to follow the fresh morning air.) Keep the will peaceful to slow down the punishment of Autumn. (Yang harmony retreats day by day, Yin cold increases day by day. Thus, one desires spiritual peace to avoid the killing qi.) Converge spiritual energy to make Autumn qi level; do not let the will go outward, to keep Lung qi pure. (All these serve to follow Autumn qi, desiring Lung Metal to remain pure and clean.) This corresponds to Autumn qi and is the way of nourishing harvesting. (All actions corresponding to Autumn qi are precisely for nourishing the harvesting qi.) If one violates this, the Lungs are injured, and in Winter there will be undigested diarrhea, because the resources provided for storing are scant. (The Lungs belong to Metal and prosper in Autumn. Losing nourishment in Autumn injures the Lungs; if the Lungs are injured, Kidney Water loses its source. Thus, in Winter, there is Kidney deficiency leading to Sundun diarrhea. Sundun diarrhea refers to cold diarrhea where water and grain are not separated. Since Autumn harvesting is violated, the capacity to receive harvesting qi and store in Winter is diminished. "Sun" sounds like "sun".)
The three months of winter are called "Bi Cang" (Closing and Storing). (Yang qi hides and lies dormant, closing off to form Winter.) Water freezes, earth cracks; do not disturb Yang. ("Che" means crack. Heaven and Earth are closed, so do not disturb to leak Yang qi. "Che" sounds like "ce".) Go to bed early and rise late, waiting for sunlight. (This is to avoid cold.) Let the will seem hidden or concealed, as if having private intentions, as if already possessing something. (All these emulate Winter command, desiring self-respect and no reckless movement.) Remove cold and seek warmth; do not let skin sweat, lest qi be frequently depleted. (Removing cold and seeking warmth nourishes Yang; preventing sweating depletes qi less. "Ji" means frequent. Master Zhen said: If Winter qi storage is not tight, warm without frost/snow, next year's Yang qi will be weak, and grains will not ripen; the human body is the same. If disturbed during stillness, how can movement be regulated? Thus, Zhou Dunyi took stillness as the root, and Cheng Yi took reverence as the root; their principles are the same. "Ji" has pronunciations "ji" and "qi".) This corresponds to Winter qi and is the way of nourishing storage. (All actions corresponding to Winter qi are precisely for nourishing the organ qi.) If one violates this, the Kidneys are injured, and in Spring there will be flaccidity and cold limbs, because the resources provided for generation are scant. (The Kidneys belong to Water and prosper in Winter. Losing nourishment in Winter injures the Kidneys; if the Kidneys are injured, Liver Wood loses its source. The Liver governs sinews, so in Spring, sinew disease leads to flaccidity. Yang desires to hide; if Winter cannot hide, Yang deficiency leads to cold limbs. Since Winter storage is violated, the capacity to receive stored qi and generate in Spring is diminished.)