\r手阳明大肠经图\p06-d32a5.bmp\r
《平人绝谷》篇伯高曰∶回肠大四寸,径一寸寸之少半,长二丈一尺。受谷一升,水七升半。《难经》曰∶大肠重二
斤十二两。按∶直肠曰直,则大肠周遭叠积,当名曰回。
《难经》曰∶大肠者,传导之官,变化出焉。《灵枢·本藏》篇曰∶肠应皮,皮浓者大肠浓,皮薄者大
肠薄,皮缓腹里大者大肠大而长,皮急者大肠急而短,皮滑者大肠直,皮肉不相离者大肠结。
手阳明廿穴名,循商阳二间三间而行,历合谷阳溪之俞,过偏历温溜之滨,下廉上廉三里而近,曲池肘 五里之
程,臂 肩 上于巨骨,天鼎纡乎扶突,禾 唇连迎香鼻迫。
商阳盐指内侧边,二间来寻本节前,三间节后陷中取,合谷虎口岐骨间,阳溪上侧腕中是,偏历腕后二寸安,温溜
腕后去五寸,池前五寸下廉看,池前三寸上廉中,池前二寸三里逢,曲池曲骨纹头尽,肘 大骨外廉近,大筋中央寻五
里,肘上三寸行向里,臂 肘上七寸量,肩 肩端举臂取,巨骨肩尖端上行,天鼎喉旁四寸真,扶突天突旁三寸,禾
水沟旁五分,迎香禾 上一寸,大肠经穴自分明。(左右共四十穴)
\r手阳明大肠经之图\p06-d32a6.bmp\r
起于鼻之交额中,旁约太阳之脉,下循鼻外,上入齿中,还出挟口环唇,下交承浆,却循颐后下廉,出大迎,循
颊车,上耳前,过客主人,循发际,至额颅;其支者,从大迎前下人迎,循喉咙,入缺盆,下膈,属胃络脾;其直者,
从缺盆下乳内廉,下挟脐,入气街中;其支者,起于胃口,下循腹里,下至气冲而合,以下髀关,抵伏兔,下膝膑中,
下循胫外廉,下足跗,入中指内间;其支者,下廉三寸而别,下入中指外间;其支者,别跗上,入大指间,出其端。是
动则病洒洒振寒,善呻数欠颜黑,病至则恶人与火,闻木音则惕然而惊,心欲动,独闭户塞牖而处,甚则欲上高而歌,
弃衣而走,贲响腹胀,是为 厥。是主血所生病者,狂疟温淫汗出,鼽衄,口 唇胗,颈肿喉痹,大腹水肿,膝膑肿痛,
循膺、乳、气街、股、伏兔、 外廉、足跗上皆痛,中指不用。气盛身已前皆热,其有余于胃,则消谷善饥,溺色黄;
气不足则色已前皆寒栗,胃中寒则胀满。( ,音遏。颅,音卢。髀,音比,去声。膑,音宾。跗,音抚。数,音数
朔。贲,音奔。 ,音 。 ,音呱。胗,音诊)
此言胃经脉气之行,乃为第三经也。额鼻茎也,山根为 。 ,却同。腮下为颔,颔中为颐。腮前为发际,发际前
为额颅。股内为髀,髀前膝上起肉处为伏兔,伏兔后为髀关。挟膝筋中为膑,胫骨为 ,足面为跗。足阳明受手阳明
之交,起于鼻之两旁迎香穴,上行而左右相交于 中,过睛明之分,下循鼻外,历承泣、四百、巨 ,上入齿中,还
出挟口两吻地仓,环绕唇下,左右相交于承浆,却循颐后下廉,出大迎循颊车,上耳前,历下关,过客主人,循发际行
悬厘、颔厌之分,经头维,会于额颅之神庭;其支别者,从大迎前下人迎,循喉咙,历水突、气舍,入缺盆,行足少阴
俞府之外,下膈,当上脘、中脘之分属胃络脾;其直行者,从缺盆而下,下乳内廉,循气户、库房、屋翳、膺窗、乳
中、乳根、不容、承满、梁门、关门,下挟脐,历天枢、外陵、大巨、水道、归来诸穴,而入气冲中(即气街);其支
者,自属胃处,起胃下口,循腹里,过足少阴肓俞之外,本经之里,下至气冲中,与前入气冲者合,既相合于气冲中,
乃下髀关,抵伏兔,历阴市、梁丘,下入膝膑中,经犊鼻下循足面,曰跗上冲阳、陷谷,入中指外间之内庭,至厉兑穴
而终也;其络脉支别者,自膝下三寸,循三里穴之外,别下历上廉、条口、下廉、丰隆、解溪、冲阳、陷谷,以至内庭、
厉兑而合也;又其支者,别跗上冲阳穴,别行入大指间,出足厥阴行间穴之外,循大指下出其端,以交于足太阴也。及
其动穴验病,则随虚实寒热而见以上诸症于部分也。胃者土也,闻木音则惕然而惊者,土畏木也。
手阳明大肠经图
《平人绝谷》篇中伯高说:回肠直径四寸,内径一寸又三分之一寸(一寸的少半),长二丈一尺。能容纳谷物一升,水七升半。《难经》说:大肠重二斤十二两。按:直肠称为直,那么大肠周遭叠积,应当称为“回”。
《难经》说:大肠是传导之官,变化由此产生。《灵枢·本藏》篇说:肠与皮相应,皮肤厚的人大肠厚,皮肤薄的人大肠薄,皮肤松弛且腹部宽大的人大肠大而长,皮肤紧绷的人大肠急而短,皮肤光滑的人大肠直,皮肉紧密结合不分离的人大肠结滞。
手阳明大肠经有二十个穴位名称,沿着商阳、二间、三间而行,经过合谷、阳溪等腧穴,越过偏历、温溜等地,下行至下廉、上廉、三里附近,曲池、肘髎、五里的路程,手臂经过肩髃、巨骨,上行至天鼎,迂回于扶突,禾髎连唇,迎香近鼻。
商阳穴在食指内侧边缘,二间穴在本节前寻找,三间穴在节后陷中取穴,合谷穴在虎口歧骨之间,阳溪穴在上侧腕中,偏历穴在腕后二寸处,温溜穴在腕后去五寸,下廉穴在曲池前五寸看,上廉穴在曲池前三寸中,三里穴在曲池前二寸逢,曲池穴在曲骨纹头尽头,肘髎穴在大骨外廉近,五里穴在大筋中央寻,肘上三寸行向里,臂臑穴在肘上七寸量,肩髎穴在肩端举臂取,巨骨穴在肩尖端上行,天鼎穴在喉旁四寸真,扶突穴在天突旁三寸,禾髎穴在水沟旁五分,迎香穴在禾髎上一寸,大肠经穴位自然分明。(左右共四十穴)
手阳明大肠经之图
经脉起于鼻翼两旁交额中,旁侧约略太阳经的脉气,向下沿鼻外,向上进入齿中,复出挟口环绕嘴唇,向下交于承浆,却循颐后下廉,出大迎,循颊车,上耳前,过客主人,循发际,至额颅;其支脉,从大迎前下人迎,循喉咙,入缺盆,下膈,属胃络脾;其直行者,从缺盆下乳内廉,下挟脐,入气街中;其支脉,起于胃口,下循腹里,下至气冲而合,以下髀关,抵伏兔,下膝膑中,下循胫外廉,下足跗,入中指内间;其支脉,下廉三寸而别,下入中指外间;其支脉,别跗上,入大指间,出其端。是动则病洒洒振寒,善呻数欠颜黑,病至则恶人与火,闻木音则惕然而惊,心欲动,独闭户塞牖而处,甚则欲上高而歌,弃衣而走,贲响腹胀,是为厥。是主血所生病者,狂疟温淫汗出,鼽衄,口㖞唇胗,颈肿喉痹,大腹水肿,膝膑肿痛,循膺、乳、气街、股、伏兔、髀外廉、足跗上皆痛,中指不用。气盛身已前皆热,其有余于胃,则消谷善饥,溺色黄;气不足则色已前皆寒栗,胃中寒则胀满。(髀,音遏。颅,音卢。髀,音比,去声。膑,音宾。跗,音抚。数,音数朔。贲,音奔。㖞,音。胗,音呱。)
此言胃经脉气之行,乃为第三经也。额鼻茎也,山根为年寿。颏,却同。腮下为颔,颔中为颐。腮前为发际,发际前为额颅。股内为髀,髀前膝上起肉处为伏兔,伏兔后为髀关。挟膝筋中为膑,胫骨为胫,足面为跗。足阳明受手阳明之交,起于鼻之两旁迎香穴,上行而左右相交于囟中,过睛明之分,下循鼻外,历承泣、四白、巨髎,上入齿中,还出挟口两吻地仓,环绕唇下,左右相交于承浆,却循颐后下廉,出大迎循颊车,上耳前,历下关,过客主人,循发际行悬厘、颔厌之分,经头维,会于额颅之神庭;其支别者,从大迎前下人迎,循喉咙,历水突、气舍,入缺盆,行足少阴俞府之外,下膈,当上脘、中脘之分属胃络脾;其直行者,从缺盆而下,下乳内廉,循气户、库房、屋翳、膺窗、乳中、乳根、不容、承满、梁门、关门,下挟脐,历天枢、外陵、大巨、水道、归来诸穴,而入气冲中(即气街);其支者,自属胃处,起胃下口,循腹里,过足少阴肓俞之外,本经之里,下至气冲中,与前入气冲者合,既相合于气冲中,乃下髀关,抵伏兔,历阴市、梁丘,下入膝膑中,经犊鼻下循足面,曰跗上冲阳、陷谷,入中指外间之内庭,至厉兑穴而终也;其络脉支别者,自膝下三寸,循三里穴之外,别下历上廉、条口、下廉、丰隆、解溪、冲阳、陷谷,以至内庭、厉兑而合也;又其支者,别跗上冲阳穴,别行入大指间,出足厥阴行间穴之外,循大指下出其端,以交于足太阴也。及其动穴验病,则随虚实寒热而见以上诸症于部分也。胃者土也,闻木音则惕然而惊者,土畏木也。
Hand Yangming Large Intestine Meridian Diagram
In the chapter "Ping Ren Jue Gu" (Normal People Fasting from Grain), Bo Gao said: The Hui Chang (coiled intestine) has a diameter of four cun, an internal diameter of one cun and one-third cun (a small part of one cun), and a length of two zhang and one chi. It can hold one sheng of grain and seven and a half sheng of water. The Nan Jing states: The Large Intestine weighs two jin and twelve liang. According to notes: The Straight Intestine is called Zhi; thus, the Large Intestine, which coils and accumulates around, should be called Hui.
The Nan Jing states: The Large Intestine is the official of conduction, where changes emerge. The Ling Shu · Ben Cang chapter states: The intestines correspond to the skin. Those with thick skin have thick large intestines; those with thin skin have thin large intestines; those with loose skin and large abdomens have large and long large intestines; those with tight skin have urgent and short large intestines; those with smooth skin have straight large intestines; those whose skin and flesh are inseparable have knotted large intestines.
There are twenty acupoints in the Hand Yangming Large Intestine Meridian. They follow Shangyang, Erjian, and Sanjian, passing through the Shu points of Hegu and Yangxi, crossing Pianli and Wenliu, descending near Xialian, Shanglian, and Sanli, covering the distance of Quchi, Zhouliao, and Wuli, traversing Jianyu and Jugu on the arm, ascending to Tianding, winding around Futu, Heliao connecting to the lip, and Yingxiang approaching the nose.
Shangyang is located on the medial side of the index finger. Erjian is found at the proximal end of the metacarpophalangeal joint. Sanjian is taken in the depression distal to the joint. Hegu is between the divergent bones of the tiger's mouth. Yangxi is in the center of the wrist on the radial side. Pianli is secured two cun posterior to the wrist crease. Wenliu is five cun posterior to the wrist crease. Xialian is seen five cun anterior to Quchi. Shanglian is in the middle three cun anterior to Quchi. Sanli is encountered two cun anterior to Quchi. Quchi ends at the radial end of the cubital crease. Zhouliao is near the lateral margin of the great bone of the elbow. Wuli is sought in the center of the large tendon. Moving inward three cun above the elbow locates Bi'nao. Armiao is measured seven cun above the elbow. Jianliao is taken when raising the arm at the shoulder tip. Jugu ascends from the apex of the shoulder. Tianding is truly four cun beside the throat. Futu is three cun beside Tiantu. Heliao is five fen beside Shuigou. Yingxiang is one cun above Heliao. The acupoints of the Large Intestine Meridian are naturally distinct. (Forty acupoints in total, left and right.)
Diagram of the Hand Yangming Large Intestine Meridian
The meridian originates at the sides of the nose, intersecting in the forehead, approximating the Taiyang meridian laterally, descending along the lateral aspect of the nose, ascending into the teeth, emerging again to flank the mouth and encircle the lips, descending to intersect at Chengjiang, then following the post-mental mandibular border, exiting at Daying, following Jiache, ascending anterior to the ear, passing through Guest Master (Tongziliao), following the hairline, reaching the frontal skull. Its branch descends from anterior to Daying to Renying, follows the throat, enters the Supraclavicular Fossa (Quepen), descends through the diaphragm, connects with the Stomach, and networks with the Spleen. Its main trunk descends from the Supraclavicular Fossa along the medial aspect of the breast, descends flanking the umbilicus, and enters the Qi Street (Qichong). Another branch originates from the stomach opening, descends along the abdominal interior, reaches Qichong to merge, then descends to Biguan, reaches Futu, descends to the kneecap (Bin), follows the lateral aspect of the tibia, descends to the dorsum of the foot, and enters the space between the toes of the middle finger. Another branch separates three cun below the knee, descends into the lateral space between the toes of the middle finger. Another branch separates on the dorsum of the foot, enters the space between the big toe, and emerges at its tip. When moved, it causes disease characterized by shivering chills, frequent groaning and yawning, darkened face. Upon onset, the patient fears people and fire, startles at the sound of wood, feels heart palpitations, prefers to stay alone behind closed doors and windows. In severe cases, they may wish to climb high and sing, or strip clothes and run. Borborygmus and abdominal distension occur, constituting Jue syndrome. Diseases governed by blood include manic malaria, warm pathogenic sweating, rhinorrhea and epistaxis, facial paralysis and lip sores, neck swelling and throat obstruction, massive abdominal edema, swelling and pain of the kneecap. Pain extends along the chest, breast, Qi Street, thigh, Futu, lateral thigh, and dorsum of the foot, with dysfunction of the middle finger. If Qi is abundant, heat prevails anteriorly; if excessive in the Stomach, digestion is rapid with frequent hunger, and urine is yellow. If Qi is deficient, coldness prevails anteriorly; cold in the Stomach causes distension. (Note on pronunciations omitted for brevity).
This describes the course of the Stomach Meridian Qi, which is the third meridian. The nasal bridge is the root of the nose; the Shan Gen is the Niandou. He is synonymous. The area below the cheek is Han; the center of the chin is Yi. The hairline anterior to the cheek is the frontal hairline; anterior to that is the frontal skull. The inner thigh is Bi; the fleshy prominence anterior to the knee is Futu; posterior to Futu is Biguan. The tendon clamping the knee is Bin; the shinbone is Tibia; the foot surface is Shu. The Foot Yangming receives the intersection of the Hand Yangming, originating at Yingxiang on both sides of the nose, ascending and crossing left and right at Xinhui, passing Jingming, descending along the lateral nose, passing Chengqi, Sibai, Juliao, ascending into the teeth, emerging to flank the mouth corners at Dicang, encircling the lower lip, crossing left and right at Chengjiang, following the post-mental mandibular border, exiting Daying, following Jiache, ascending anterior to the ear, passing Xiaguan, Guest Master, following the hairline through Xuanli and Hanyan, passing Touwei, meeting at Shenting in the frontal skull. Its branch descends from anterior to Daying to Renying, follows the throat, passes Shuitu and Qishe, enters Quepen, runs outside Yufu of the Foot Shaoyin, descends through the diaphragm, at the level of Shangwan and Zhongwan connects with the Stomach and networks with the Spleen. Its main trunk descends from Quepen, along the medial breast, passing Qihu, Kufang, Wuyi, Yingchuang, Ruzhong, Rugen, Burong, Chengman, Liangmen, Guanmen, flanking the umbilicus, passing Tianshu, Wailing, Daju, Shuidao, Guilai, and entering Qichong (Qi Street). Its branch originates from the Stomach connection, starting at the lower opening of the Stomach, follows the abdominal interior, outside Huangshu of the Foot Shaoyin, inside this meridian, descends to Qichong to merge with the previously entered branch. After merging at Qichong, it descends to Biguan, reaches Futu, passes Yinshi and Liangqiu, enters the kneecap, passes Dubi, follows the foot surface, named Shu, Chongyang, XianGu, enters Neiting between the middle toes, ending at Lidi. Its collateral branch separates three cun below the knee, outside Sanli, descending through Shanglian, Tiaokou, Xialian, Fenglong, Jiexi, Chongyang, XianGu, until merging at Neiting and Lidi. Another branch separates at Chongyang on the dorsum, enters the big toe space, exits outside Xingjian of the Foot Jueyin, follows the big toe down to its tip, to intersect with the Foot Taiyin. When verifying disease via moving points, symptoms appear in respective regions according to deficiency, excess, cold, and heat. The Stomach is Earth; fearing the sound of wood indicates Earth fears Wood.