痢疾赤属血，白属气，赤白相兼脓血杂痢，皆因脾胃失调，饮食停滞，积于肠胃之间，
多是暑湿伤脾，故作痢疾。起于肚腹疼痛，大便里急后重，小水短赤，身凉脉缓者易治；身
热脉弦急者难治。痢初起一二日，元气壮实者先用玄白散；虚弱者用芍药汤疏通积滞；三、
四日后，元气渐弱，调和饮食，加减治之。如不止，服参归芍药汤调理脾胃、补益元气。久
不愈，方可服真人养脏汤加减治之，切不可骤用粟壳等药。止塞太早恐内积气未尽，成休息
痢，亦恐毒攻上，胸腹饱闷作疼，恶心、呕哕、发呃难治，因毒瓦斯攻胃故也。先水泻后脓血
者，是肾传脾难愈；先脓血后水泻者，是脾传肾易愈；又有痢下鲜血者，如尘腐色者，如屋
漏水者，大孔如竹筒者，呕吐发呃，烦躁身热者，俱难治也。如鱼脑髓者，身热脉数，大半
生半死也。大抵治痢疾∶一、二日元气未虚，治宜疏通积滞。此通因利用之法；三、四日后
不可疏通，恐元气虚也，当清热解毒，调养脾胃为主。经云∶行血则便脓自愈；调气则后重
自除。若大肠积滞，壅塞而后重，法当疏导之；若大肠气虚，下陷而后重，法当开补之。
玄白散（治痢初起，里急后重，腹痛血窘迫，壮盛者一剂愈）
大黄二钱 生地 赤芍 归尾 槟榔 枳壳（麸炒） 牵牛（赤痢用黑，白痢用白，赤
白相杂黑白兼用，半生半炒，须捣碎） 莪术 黄连各二钱
暑月加香薷炒一钱。水煎，空心温服，以痢二、三次为度。（《万病回春》）
治一切痢（不拘男妇小儿）
木香（方圆一寸一块），黄连五钱，用水半升，煎干去黄连，切木香焙末，分三服。第
一服陈皮汤下；第二服陈米饮下；第三服甘草汤下。 有一妇人，久痢将危，梦大士授此方，
因而
黑神散（治肠滑之痢）
石榴一个， 烟尽，次研，仍以酸榴一块煎汤服，神效无比。（《医方考》）
远年痢
上好豆酒暖热一、二钟，内入姜汁一、二茶匙，不宜多服，数十次自愈。 一用哺退鸡
子壳毛，坑上挂燥，研极细末，将一分百滚汤送下即愈。 一用臭椿树皮一两五钱，雨前茶
钱半，扁柏叶二钱五分，枣头、乌梅各二枚，酒、水各一碗，煎。须缓缓服恐泛。（俱出单
方）
噤口痢（男妇汤饮不下者）
用乌梅一斤，敲碎置盆中，将十余碗水煎泡热，令病患坐盆上，待热气冲上肛门，温即
洗，其人亦睡去，即扶上床，煎粥汤候之。如思饮食，即与粥汤半碗，少顷与稀粥半碗，不
宜多。若小儿照方减半可也。
黄连三钱，人参钱半，水一钟煎七分，温服。药入口即苏。 一用乌梅二个，夹住蜗牛
一条。绳扎住，安口中化水滴下，愈。 一用木鳖子，研细和面作饼，贴脐中亦效。（俱集
验方）
疫痢（疫痢者，一人有病他人即传染者是也）
苍术一两，水三钟煎至二钟，去术，入白术、防风、白芍、羌活、人中黄各一钱，煎至
一钟温服。（《秘方补遗》）
便秘脱肛（因久痢所致者）
用蜗牛烧灰，猪脂和敷立缩。（《经验良方》）
痢疾中，便血呈红色属血分病变，白色属气分病变，红白相兼、脓血混杂的痢疾，都是由于脾胃功能失调，饮食停滞，积聚在肠胃之间所致。这大多是因为暑湿之邪损伤了脾脏，从而引发痢疾。发病初期表现为腹部疼痛，大便时有急迫感且排便不畅（里急后重），小便短少色赤，若身体凉爽、脉象缓和者容易治疗；若身体发热、脉象弦急者则难治。
痢疾初起的一两天内，元气壮实的人，先用玄白散；体质虚弱的人用芍药汤来疏通积滞；到了三、四天后，元气逐渐减弱，应调和饮食，根据情况加减药物治疗。如果症状仍未停止，服用参归芍药汤来调理脾胃、补益元气。如果久治不愈，才可以服用真人养脏汤加减治疗，切不可突然使用罂粟壳等收敛止泻的药物。过早地止涩堵塞，恐怕体内的积滞之气未尽，会形成休息痢（慢性痢疾）；也恐怕毒邪攻冲向上，导致胸腹胀满疼痛、恶心、呕吐、呃逆难治，这是因为毒瓦斯攻犯胃腑的缘故。
先出现水样腹泻，随后出现脓血便的，是肾传脾，难以治愈；先出现脓血便，随后出现水样腹泻的，是脾传肾，容易治愈；又有拉下鲜血的，粪便颜色像尘土腐烂之色、像屋顶漏下的雨水、肛门松弛如竹筒般直开、伴有呕吐呃逆、烦躁身热的，都属于难治之症。如果粪便像鱼脑髓一样，且身体发热、脉象数急的，大半是生死各半的局面。
大抵治疗痢疾的原则是：一、二日元气尚未虚弱时，治疗宜疏通积滞，这是“通因通用”的方法；三、四日后不可再疏通，恐怕元气已虚，应当以清热解毒、调养脾胃为主。经书说：“行血则便脓自愈，调气则后重自除。”如果大肠有积滞，壅塞导致里急后重，法度上应当疏导它；如果大肠气虚，下陷导致里急后重，法度上应当升提补益它。
玄白散（治疗痢疾初起，里急后重，腹痛血气窘迫，体质壮盛者服一剂可愈）
大黄二钱，生地，赤芍，当归尾，槟榔，枳壳（麸炒），牵牛子（赤痢用黑牵牛，白痢用白牵牛，红白相杂黑白兼用，半生半炒，必须捣碎），莪术，黄连各二钱。
暑热月份加香薷炒制一钱。水煎，空腹温服，以腹泻两三次为限度。（出自《万病回春》）
治疗各种痢疾（不拘男女老少）
木香（方圆一寸的一块），黄连五钱，用水半升，煎至药液干尽后去掉黄连，将木香切片焙干研成细末，分三次服用。第一服用陈皮汤送下；第二服用陈年米饮送下；第三服用甘草汤送下。曾有一位妇人，患久痢即将危重，梦见观音大士传授此方，因而痊愈。
黑神散（治疗肠滑不禁的痢疾）
石榴一个，烧至烟尽，然后研磨，仍用酸石榴一块煎汤送服，效果神奇无比。（出自《医方考》）
多年不愈的痢疾
取上好的豆酒加热一至二杯，加入姜汁一至二茶匙，不宜多服，数十次后即可自愈。另一种方法是用哺退鸡（指老母鸡或特定品种鸡）蛋壳上的毛，挂在坑边晾干，研成极细末，取一分用滚开水送下即愈。还有一种方法是用臭椿树皮一两五钱，雨前茶半钱，侧柏叶二钱五分，枣头、乌梅各二枚，酒和水各一碗，煎煮。必须缓缓服用，恐怕引起反胃。（均出自单方）
噤口痢（男女患者汤水无法咽下的情况）
用乌梅一斤，敲碎放在盆中，倒入十余碗水煎泡至热气腾腾，让病患坐在盆上，待热气冲向肛门，温度适宜时进行熏洗，病人也会睡着，然后扶到床上，煎好米粥汤等待。如果病人想进食，就给半碗粥汤，过一会儿给半碗稀粥，不宜多吃。如果是小儿，按此方减半即可。
另一种方子：黄连三钱，人参半钱，水一钟煎至七分，温服。药入口即苏醒。
另一种方法：用乌梅两个，夹住一条蜗牛，用绳子扎紧，放在口中含化，滴下的水滴入患者口中，即可痊愈。
另一种方法：用木鳖子，研细和面做成饼，贴在肚脐中也有效。（均收集自验方）
疫痢（疫痢是指一人患病，他人随即被传染的情况）
苍术一两，水三钟煎至二钟，去掉苍术，加入白术、防风、白芍、羌活、人中黄各一钱，煎至一钟，温服。（出自《秘方补遗》）
Dysentery with red stool indicates a blood-level pathology, while white stool indicates a qi-level pathology. Dysentery presenting with mixed red and white colors and purulent bloody stools is caused by the dysfunction of the Spleen and Stomach, where food stagnation accumulates between the intestines and stomach. This is mostly due to Summer-heat and Dampness injuring the Spleen, thereby inducing dysentery. The onset presents with abdominal pain, tenesmus (a feeling of incomplete defecation), short and dark urine. Cases with a cool body and a slow pulse are easy to treat; those with a feverish body and a string-taut and rapid pulse are difficult to treat.
In the first one or two days of the onset of dysentery, if the Yuan Qi (Original Qi) is strong, use Xuanbai San (Mysterious White Powder) initially; if the constitution is weak, use Shaoyao Tang (Peony Decoction) to unblock and drain stagnation. After three or four days, as the Yuan Qi gradually weakens, diet should be harmonized, and treatment should be adjusted accordingly. If symptoms persist, administer Shengui Shaoyao Tang (Ginseng and Angelica Peony Decoction) to regulate the Spleen and Stomach and tonify the Yuan Qi. If it remains chronic, Zhenren Yangzang Tang (True Person Nourishing Viscera Decoction) may be used with modifications. One must absolutely avoid using astringents like Poppy Shell (Ying Su Ke) abruptly. Premature astringency may prevent the expulsion of internal accumulated Qi, leading to Resting Dysentery (chronic intermittent dysentery); it may also cause toxins to attack upward, resulting in chest and abdominal fullness and pain, nausea, vomiting, and hiccups, which are difficult to treat because the toxic vapors attack the Stomach.
If watery diarrhea precedes purulent bloody stools, it indicates transmission from Kidney to Spleen and is difficult to cure; if purulent bloody stools precede watery diarrhea, it indicates transmission from Spleen to Kidney and is easier to cure. Other severe signs include passing bright red blood, stool resembling rotting dust or leaking roof water, an anus that hangs open like a bamboo tube, accompanied by vomiting, hiccups, irritability, and fever, all of which are difficult to treat. If the stool resembles fish brain matter, accompanied by fever and a rapid pulse, the prognosis is half-life and half-death.
Generally, the principles for treating dysentery are: In the first one or two days, when Yuan Qi is not yet deficient, treatment should focus on unblocking and draining stagnation. This is the method of "treating obstruction with unblocking" (Tong Yin Zhi Yong). After three or four days, one should not continue to unblock, fearing Yuan Qi deficiency; instead, the focus should be on clearing heat and detoxifying, and nourishing the Spleen and Stomach. The Classics state: "Moving the blood allows pus and blood to heal naturally; regulating the Qi eliminates tenesmus." If there is accumulation and congestion in the Large Intestine causing tenesmus, the method is to guide and dredge it; if there is Qi deficiency and sinking in the Large Intestine causing tenesmus, the method is to raise and tonify it.
Xuanbai San (For early-stage dysentery with tenesmus, abdominal pain, and blood distress; cures in one dose for robust patients)
Da Huang (Rhubarb Root and Rhizome) 2 qian, Sheng Di Huang (Rehmannia Root) [dose implied equal], Chi Shao (Red Peony Root) [dose implied equal], Dang Gui Wei (Tail of Angelica Sinensis Root) [dose implied equal], Bing Lang (Areca Seed) [dose implied equal], Zhi Qiao (Bran-fried Aurantium Fruit) [dose implied equal], Qian Niu Zi (Pharbitis Seed) (Use black Pharbitis for red dysentery, white Pharbitis for white dysentery, both for mixed; half raw half fried, must be crushed), E Zhu (Curcuma Zedoary Rhizome) [dose implied equal], Huang Lian (Coptis Rhizome) [dose implied equal] each 2 qian.
Add Xiang Ru (Mosla Herb) fried 1 qian during summer months. Decoct in water, take warm on an empty stomach, limit to two or three bowel movements per day. (From *Wanbing Huichun*)
Treating all types of dysentery (regardless of gender or age)
Mu Xiang (Aucklandia Root) (one piece, one cun square), Huang Lian (Coptis Rhizome) 5 qian. Use half sheng (approx. 240ml) of water, decoct until dry, remove Huang Lian, slice Mu Xiang, bake and grind into fine powder. Divide into three doses. First dose taken with Chen Pi Tang (Tangerine Peel Decoction); second dose with Chen Mi Yin (Aged Rice Drink); third dose with Gan Cao Tang (Licorice Decoction). A woman suffering from chronic dysentery nearing death dreamed of Guanyin bestowing this formula, and she was cured.
Hei Shen San (Black Divine Powder) (For dysentery with intestinal slipping/incontinence)
One pomegranate, smoked until no smoke remains, then ground. Still, decoct a piece of sour pomegranate rind in water and take orally. Extremely effective. (From *Yifang Kao*)
Chronic Dysentery
Take high-quality Dou Jiu (Bean Wine), warm one or two cups, add one or two teaspoons of Jiang Zhi (Ginger Juice). Do not take too much; dozens of doses will lead to self-healing. Another method: Take the hair from the shell of a hen's egg, hang it over a latrine to dry, grind into extremely fine powder, take one fen with boiling water to cure. Another method: Take Chou Chun Shu Pi (Toon Tree Bark) 1.5 liang, Yu Qian Cha (Pre-Rain Tea) 0.5 qian, Bian Bo Ye (Cupressus Leaf) 2.5 qian, Zao Tou (Jujube Sprout) and Wu Mei (Dark Plum) two pieces each. Decoct with one bowl of wine and one bowl of water. Must be taken slowly to avoid regurgitation. (All from single prescriptions)
Jinkou Li (Throat-Closing Dysentery) (When patients cannot swallow liquids)
Take one jin (approx. 500g) of Wu Mei (Dark Plum), crush it and place in a basin. Add more than ten bowls of water, boil until hot. Let the patient sit on the basin so the steam rises to the anus. Wash/warm when temperature is suitable; the patient will fall asleep. Then help them to bed and prepare porridge soup. If they desire food, give half a bowl of porridge soup, then half a bowl of thin porridge shortly after. Do not overfeed. For children, halve the dosage.
Another prescription: Huang Lian (Coptis Rhizome) 3 qian, Ren Shen (Ginseng Root) 0.5 qian. Decoct in one zhong (approx. 200ml) of water until reduced to 0.7 zhong. Take warm. Consciousness returns immediately upon ingestion.
Another method: Take two Wu Mei (Dark Plums), sandwich one snail between them. Tie with a rope, place in the mouth to melt, and drip the juice into the patient's mouth to cure.
Another method: Grind Mu Bie Zi (Strychnos Seed) finely, mix with flour to make a cake, apply to the umbilicus. Also effective. (All collected from verified formulas)
Yi Li (Epidemic Dysentery) (Where one person gets sick and others are immediately infected)
Cang Zhu (Atractylodes Rhizome) 1 liang. Decoct in three zhongs of water until reduced to two zhongs. Remove Cang Zhu, add Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome), Fang Feng (Saposhnikovia Root), Bai Shao (White Peony Root), Qiang Huo (Notopterygium Rhizome), and Ren Zhong Huang (Human Midden Yellow) each 1 qian. Decoct until reduced to one zhong. Take warm. (From *Mifang Buyi*)
Bi Chang Tuo Gang (Constipation and Rectal Prolapse) (Caused by long-term dysentery)
Burn snails to ash, mix with pig fat, and apply externally. Immediate retraction occurs. (From *Jingyan Liangfang*)