夫人之一身阴常不足而阳常有余故丹溪谆谆勉人养阴以配阳实非欲补阴以胜阳也余近见
赵继
宗儒医精要一书驳丹溪专欲补阴以并阳是谓逆阴阳之常经决无补阴之理二辩王叔和命门属火
之误三辩张仲景伤寒无汗吐下法四辩张洁古无中暑中热之分五辩中风无火气湿三者之论六辩
十二经之脉差缪赵公偏执己见妄立邪说以欺人乘悖经旨得罪于名教多矣噫仲景叔和医之圣也
百世之师也继宗何人而敢轻议如此多见其不知量也
和剂局方皆名医所集可谓精矣其间差舛者亦有乏且如牛黄清心丸一方用药二十九味药性
寒热
交错殊不可晓昔见老医云此方止是黄芩麝香龙脑羚羊角牛黄犀角雄黄蒲黄金箔九味而已自干
山药以后二十一味乃局方补虚门中山芋丸当时不知何故误作一方以上载周密癸辛杂志余始得
此说甚未以为然及考诸方书果信二方之合而为一也志之以俟博洽者订焉
李东垣内外伤辩先欲理脾胃极本之论也未免药伤于杂前辈谓其如韩信之用兵多多益善盖
讳
之也朱彦修医推于儒其识见颇高于杂病伤寒之旨恐非其长 国朝名家作手帷戴原礼赵良仁二
人之外落莫无闻也近代王汝言似窥庭户得前人之糟粕或者谓其议论名浮于实要之成功则难矣
哉(石门刘桂医论)
盛御医启东永乐中东宫妃张氏十月经不通众医以为胎而胀一日 上谓曰东妃有病往视
之东宫以 上命医也导之惟谨既诊出复曰使上病状早若何晚若何一如见
妃闻之曰朝廷有此医者不早令视我何也出而疏方皆破血之剂东宫视之大怒曰好御医早晚当诞
皇
孙乃为此方何也遂不用数日病益急乃复诊之曰再后三日臣不敢用药矣仍疏前方乃锁之禁中家
人惶怖或曰死矣或曰将籍没家矣既三日红棍前呼赏赐盛甚盖妃服药下血数斗疾遂平矣既而
上亦赐之曰非谢医乃压惊也(王文恪公笔记)
人的一身中，阴气常常不足而阳气常常有余，所以朱丹溪反复勉励人们要滋养阴气以配合阳气，这实在不是想要通过补阴来战胜阳气。我最近看到赵继宗的《儒医精要》一书，驳斥朱丹溪专门想要补阴并压制阳气的观点，认为这是违背了阴阳运行的常规法则，绝对没有补阴的道理。书中又辩驳王叔和关于命门属火的错误；辩驳张仲景治疗伤寒无汗、吐法、下法的误用；辩驳张洁古没有区分中暑和中热的不同；辩驳中风并非由火、气、湿三者引起的观点；辩驳十二经脉脉象的差异谬误。赵公偏执于自己的见解，妄立邪说以欺骗世人，违背经典旨意，在名教上得罪的地方很多了。唉！张仲景和王叔和是医学的圣人，百代的老师，赵继宗是什么人，竟敢如此轻率地议论？这只能显示他不自量力罢了。
《和剂局方》都是名医所汇集，可以说是精妙了，但其中也有差错遗漏之处。比如牛黄清心丸这一方，用药多达二十九味，药性寒热交错，实在让人难以理解。过去曾听老医生说，这个方子实际上只有黄芩、麝香、龙脑（冰片）、羚羊角、牛黄、犀角、雄黄、蒲黄、金箔这九味药而已。从干山药以后的二十一味，原来是《局方》补虚门中山芋丸的药物，当时不知什么原因被误合并为一个方子，一并记载在上面。此事记载在周密的《癸辛杂志》中。我起初得到这个说法时，还不太相信，等到考证各种方书后，果然证实是两个方子合并为了一个。记录下来，以便让博学的人订正。
李东垣的《内外伤辨》，首先主张调理脾胃，这是探究根本的论述，但也难免药物使用杂乱。前辈评论他的用药如同韩信带兵，越多越好，大概是为此进行辩解吧。朱彦修将医学推演于儒家思想，其见识颇高于杂病和伤寒的宗旨，恐怕这方面不是他的长处。本朝的名家高手，除了戴原礼、赵良仁二人之外，便寂寥无闻了。近代的王汝言似乎窥探到了前人的堂奥，得到了前人的糟粕，有人说他的议论名声大于实际内容，总之想要取得成效就很难了。（出自石门刘桂的医论）
御医盛启东在永乐年间，东宫妃子张氏十个月月经不通，众医生都认为是怀孕导致的胀满。一天，皇上对他说：“东妃有病，你去诊治。”东宫因此命令他，引导他非常谨慎。他诊脉出来后复诊时说：“如果皇上的病情早像这样会怎样？晚像这样又会怎样？”一如见到妃子的样子。妃子听说后说：“朝廷有这样的医生，为什么不早点让我诊治呢？”出来之后开出的方子全是破血逐瘀的药剂。东宫看了大怒道：“好个御医，早晚应当生下皇孙，怎么开出这样的方子？”于是没有使用。几天后病情更加危急，于是再次请他诊治。他说：“再过三天，我不敢用药了。”仍然开出前面的方子，于是将他锁在禁宫中。家人惶恐害怕，有人说：“死了”，有人说：“将要抄没家产了”。过了三天，红棍（传令官）在前面呼喊，赏赐极其丰厚。原来妃子服药后排出数斗瘀血，疾病于是平复了。随后皇上也赐给他，说：“这不是感谢医生，而是压惊。”（出自王文恪公笔记）
In the human body, Yin is often insufficient while Yang is often in excess. Therefore, Zhu Danxi repeatedly urged people to nourish Yin to harmonize with Yang; this was truly not intended to supplement Yin to overcome Yang. I recently saw Zhao Jizong's book *Ruyi Jingyao* (Essentials for Confucian Physicians), which refutes Zhu Danxi's supposed intention to exclusively supplement Yin and suppress Yang, arguing that this violates the constant principles of Yin and Yang and that there is absolutely no rationale for merely supplementing Yin. The book also refutes Wang Shuhe's error regarding the Mingmen (Gate of Life) belonging to Fire; refutes Zhang Zhongjing's methods for treating Taiyang syndrome without sweating, vomiting, or purgation; refutes Zhang Jiegu's failure to distinguish between heatstroke (Zhongshu) and intense heat (Zhongre); refutes the theory that stroke (Fengzhong) is caused by Fire, Qi, and Dampness; and refutes errors in the descriptions of the Twelve Meridians' pulses. Mr. Zhao adhered rigidly to his own views, arbitrarily established heretical theories to deceive people, violated the intent of the classics, and committed many offenses against moral orthodoxy. Alas! Zhang Zhongjing and Wang Shuhe are sages of medicine and teachers for a hundred generations. Who is Zhao Jizong to dare discuss such matters so lightly? This only shows his lack of self-awareness.
The *Heji Jufang* (Prescriptions from the Bureau of Harmonized Medicines) was compiled by famous physicians and can be considered exquisite. However, it also contains errors and omissions. For instance, the Niuhuang Qingxin Wan (Calf Bezoar Clearing Heart Pill) uses twenty-nine ingredients, with cold and hot properties intermixed, which is truly incomprehensible. I once heard an old physician say that this prescription actually consists of only nine herbs: Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Shexiang (Moschus), Longnao (Borneolum Syntheticum), Lingyangjiao (Capricornis Cornu), Niuhuang (Calculus Bovis), Xijiao (Rhinocerotis Cornu), Xionghuang (Realgar), Puhuang (Pollinis Typhae), and Jinbo (Lamina Aurii). The twenty-one ingredients following Gan Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma Dryum) were originally from the Shanyao Wan (Dioscorea Pill) in the deficiency-supplementing section of the *Jufang*, but were mistakenly combined into one formula at some unknown time. This account is recorded in Zhou Mi's *Guixin Zazhi*. When I first obtained this explanation, I did not fully believe it, but after consulting various medical texts, I confirmed that two formulas had indeed been merged into one. I record this here for scholars to verify.
Li Dongyuan's *Neiwai Shang Bian* (Differentiation of Internal and External Injury) prioritizes regulating the Spleen and Stomach, which is a fundamental argument. However, his prescriptions are inevitably mixed and complex. Predecessors commented that his use of medicines was like Han Xin leading troops: the more, the better, perhaps as a defense. Zhu Yanshou applied Confucian thought to medicine, and his insights were quite superior, yet he may not have excelled in the principles of miscellaneous diseases and Cold Damage (Shanghan). Among the renowned masters of our dynasty, apart from Dai Yuanli and Zhao Liangren, others are largely obscure. In recent times, Wang Ruyan seemed to glimpse the inner chambers of previous masters, obtaining their dregs. Some say his reputation exceeds his actual ability; ultimately, achieving success would be difficult. (From Liu Gui's Medical Discourses from Shimen)
Imperial Physician Sheng Qidong, during the Yongle era, treated Consort Zhang of the Eastern Palace who had not menstruated for ten months. Most physicians believed she was pregnant and experiencing distension. One day, the Emperor said to him, "The Consort of the Eastern Palace is ill; go examine her." The Crown Prince instructed him accordingly, guiding him with great caution. After examining her pulse and reporting back, he said, "If the illness had appeared earlier, what would have happened? If later, what then?" He acted as if he could see the Consort directly. Upon hearing this, the Consort said, "Does the court have such a physician? Why was I not consulted sooner?" He then prescribed a formula consisting entirely of blood-breaking agents. The Crown Prince viewed this with great anger, saying, "What a good imperial physician! We should soon have a royal grandson, yet you prescribe such a formula!" Consequently, the prescription was not used. A few days later, the condition became critical, and he was summoned again. He stated, "If you wait three more days, I will not dare to administer medicine." He still wrote out the previous prescription and was locked inside the forbidden palace. His family was terrified; some said, "He is dead," others said, "His property will be confiscated." After three days, a red-stick messenger (herald) called out ahead, bestowing lavish rewards. It turned out that after taking the medicine, the Consort expelled several dou of blood, and the illness subsided. Subsequently, the Emperor also bestowed gifts upon him, stating, "This is not to thank the physician, but to calm the nerves." (From Wang Wenke's Notes)