(皆出扁鹊及叔和脉经。其症未备者。摘雀紫虚。四言脉诀数条补之。)
长病三部脉虚而涩者死。实而大者亦死。(愚按急数者亦死)
中恶的紧大而浮者死。
中风脉坚大急病者死。
风病不仁痿蹶。脉紧疾急者死。
伤寒热盛。脉沉小者死。已得汗。脉浮大者死。
温病三四日以下。不得汗。脉细小者死。
谵语妄语四逆。脉沉细微者死。
癫病。脉小而坚急者死。沉细者亦死。
痫病。脉急实者死。
四肢厥逆。脉反浮大而短者死。
头痛。脉短涩者死。
骨蒸劳热。脉涩小者死。(愚按脉洪数者亦死。)
久嗽。脉坚大者死。脉沉紧者死。咳且溲血脱形。脉小劲者死。(愚按弦涩而数者亦死。)
衄血不止。脉大者死。(愚按血不止。脉急数者亦死。)
吐血脉实大者死。脉紧强者死。吐血而咳上气。其脉数有热不得卧者死。
上气脉数者死。上气喘息低昂。脉涩四肢寒者。死。上气面肿肩息脉大者死。
呕吐反胃。脉弦数紧涩者死。
消渴。脉细小浮短者死。
消瘅病。久脉悬小坚急者死。
腹痛。脉反浮大而长者死。
积聚。脉虚弱者死。沉小者死。
腹胀满而喘。脉反滑而沉者死。脉虚小者亦死。
水病。脉沉细虚微者死。水病腹大如鼓。脉虚者死。
病泄。脉浮大数者死。脉紧急者死。
肠 下脓血。脉浮大紧者死。身热脉悬绝及涩者死。
蚀阴 。脉紧急者死。
妇人瘕聚。脉虚弱者死。
妇人漏下赤白不止。脉大紧实数者死。
产后脉实大紧弦急者死。寸脉焱疾不谓者死。
金疮出血。脉浮大者死。
跌仆内有血腹胀满。脉小弱者死。
(以上死脉均出自扁鹊及王叔和的《脉经》。其中症状记载不全的部分,摘录自《雀紫虚》和《四言脉诀》中的若干条目以作补充。)
长期患病者,若寸、关、尺三部脉象呈现虚而涩的特征,主死。若脉象实大而有力,也主死。(我按:脉象急数者亦主死。)
中恶病(突然感受秽浊邪气所致的急症),若脉象紧大而浮,主死。
中风病,若脉象坚大且紧急,主死。
风病导致肢体麻木不仁、痿软厥逆,若脉象紧疾急促,主死。
伤寒病热势亢盛,若脉象沉小,主死。已经出汗后,若脉象浮大,主死。
温病发病三四天后,若无汗,脉象细小,主死。
出现谵语(神志不清,胡言乱语)、妄语及四肢厥逆,若脉象沉细微弱,主死。
癫病,若脉象小而坚急,主死。脉象沉细者亦主死。
痫病(癫痫),若脉象急实,主死。
四肢厥冷逆乱,若脉象反而浮大且短促,主死。
头痛,若脉象短涩,主死。
骨蒸劳热(阴虚内热如骨中发热),若脉象涩小,主死。(我按:脉象洪大数急者亦主死。)
久咳,若脉象坚大,主死。脉象沉紧者主死。咳嗽且伴有尿血、形体脱失消瘦,若脉象小劲有力,主死。(我按:脉象弦涩而数者亦主死。)
鼻衄出血不止,若脉象大,主死。(我按:血不止,脉象急数者亦主死。)
吐血,若脉象实大,主死。脉象紧强者主死。吐血且伴有咳嗽、气逆上冲,脉数且有热象、不能安卧者,主死。
上气(肺气上逆),若脉数,主死。上气喘息高低不平,脉涩且四肢寒冷者,主死。上气伴面部浮肿、抬肩呼吸、脉大者,主死。
呕吐反胃,若脉象弦数紧涩,主死。
消渴病,若脉象细小浮短,主死。
消瘅病(类似糖尿病等消耗性疾病),病程长久,若脉象悬小坚急,主死。
腹痛,若脉象反而浮大且长,主死。
积聚(腹内结块),若脉象虚弱,主死。脉象沉小者主死。
腹胀满且伴有喘息,若脉象反而滑利且沉,主死。脉象虚小者亦主死。
水病(水肿病),若脉象沉细虚微,主死。水肿病腹部胀大如鼓,若脉象虚,主死。
泄泻病,若脉象浮大数,主死。脉象紧急者主死。
肠澼下脓血(痢疾或肠道化脓性病变排出脓血),若脉象浮大紧,主死。身体发热,脉象悬绝(脉搏微弱欲绝)及涩者,主死。
蚀阴(外阴溃疡腐蚀),若脉象紧急,主死。
妇人癥聚(腹内结块),若脉象虚弱,主死。
妇人漏下赤白不止(带下病或崩漏,淋漓不断色红白相间),若脉象大紧实数,主死。
产后,若脉象实大紧弦急,主死。寸口脉焱疾(极快)且不匀者,主死。
金疮出血(金属利器造成的创伤出血),若脉象浮大,主死。
跌仆损伤体内有瘀血,腹部胀满,若脉象小弱,主死。
(The following fatal pulse patterns are all derived from Bian Que and Wang Shuhe's *Mai Jing* [Pulse Classic]. For those symptoms not fully detailed therein, several excerpts from *Que Zi Xu* and *Si Yan Mai Jue* [Four-Character Pulse Rhymes] are added for supplementation.)
In chronic illness, if the pulses at the Cun (inch), Guan (bar), and Chi (cubit) positions are both deficient and choppy, death ensues. If the pulses are excess, large, and forceful, death also ensues. (My note: Pulses that are rapid and urgent also indicate death.)
In Zhong E disease [sudden illness caused by exposure to noxious miasmas], if the pulse is tight, large, and floating, death ensues.
In Zhong Feng disease [stroke or wind-stroke], if the pulse is firm, large, and urgent, death ensues.
In Wind diseases manifesting as numbness, flaccidity, and厥逆 [cold extremities/reversal of qi], if the pulse is tight, rapid, and urgent, death ensues.
In Shang Han disease [cold damage] with intense heat, if the pulse is deep and small, death ensues. After sweating has occurred, if the pulse is floating and large, death ensues.
In Wen Bing disease [warm diseases], three to four days after onset, if there is no sweat and the pulse is fine and small, death ensues.
When delirious speech [confused talking due to high fever or mental disorder], erratic speech, and Si Ni [four limbs cold] occur, if the pulse is deep, fine, and minute, death ensues.
In Dian Bing [mania or epilepsy-like disorders], if the pulse is small, firm, and urgent, death ensues. A deep and fine pulse also indicates death.
In Xian Bing [epilepsy/seizure disorders], if the pulse is urgent and solid, death ensues.
When the four limbs are cold and reversed (Ji Ni), if the pulse reversely becomes floating, large, and short, death ensues.
In headache cases, if the pulse is short and choppy, death ensues.
In Gu Zheng Lao Re [bone-steaming consumption fever], if the pulse is choppy and small, death ensues. (My note: A洪 [surging] and rapid pulse also indicates death.)
In chronic cough, if the pulse is firm and large, death ensues. A deep and tight pulse also indicates death. In cough accompanied by hematuria [blood in urine] and emaciation, if the pulse is small but forceful/tense, death ensues. (My note: A wiry, choppy, and rapid pulse also indicates death.)
In persistent epistaxis [nosebleed], if the pulse is large, death ensues. (My note: If bleeding persists and the pulse is urgent and rapid, death also ensues.)
In vomiting blood, if the pulse is excess, large, and forceful, death ensues. A tight and strong pulse also indicates death. In vomiting blood accompanied by cough, rebellious qi [upward rushing of qi], a rapid pulse, signs of heat, and inability to lie down, death ensues.
In Shang Qi [rebellious lung qi/asthma], if the pulse is rapid, death ensues. In Shang Qi with labored breathing [inhaling/exhaling with difficulty], a choppy pulse, and cold extremities, death ensues. In Shang Qi accompanied by facial edema, shoulder-respiration [accessory muscle use in breathing], and a large pulse, death ensues.
In vomiting and fan wei [reverse peristalsis/regurgitation], if the pulse is wiry, rapid, tight, and choppy, death ensues.
In Xiao Ke disease [wasting-thirst syndrome/diabetes], if the pulse is fine, small, floating, and short, death ensues.
In Xiao Dan disease [wasting-fire syndrome/consumptive diseases like diabetes], if the illness is prolonged and the pulse is suspended, small, firm, and urgent, death ensues.
In abdominal pain, if the pulse reversely becomes floating, large, and long, death ensues.
In Ji Ju [accumulations and masses/intra-abdominal tumors], if the pulse is weak and deficient, death ensues. A deep and small pulse also indicates death.
In abdominal distension fullness accompanied by panting, if the pulse reversely becomes slippery and deep, death ensues. A weak and small pulse also indicates death.
In Shui Bing disease [water swelling/edema], if the pulse is deep, fine, deficient, and minute, death ensues. In edema with an abdomen swollen like a drum, if the pulse is deficient, death ensues.
In diarrhea/ben xie, if the pulse is floating, large, and rapid, death ensues. An urgent pulse also indicates death.
In Chang Pi [dysentery/pus and blood in stool], if the pulse is floating, large, and tight, death ensues. If the body is hot and the pulse is suspended/extinct [extremely faint] or choppy, death ensues.
In Shi Yin [ulceration/corrosion of the yin/genitals], if the pulse is urgent, death ensues.
In women with Jia Ju [abdominal masses/fibroids], if the pulse is weak and deficient, death ensues.
In women with Lou Xia Chi Bai Bu Zhi [persistent leukorrhea or metrorrhagia with red and white discharge], if the pulse is large, tight, solid, and rapid, death ensues.
Postpartum, if the pulse is excess, large, tight, wiry, and urgent, death ensues. If the Cun position pulse is extremely rapid [yan ji] and irregular/ununiform, death ensues.
In Jin Chuang Chu Xue [hemorrhage from metal weapon wounds], if the pulse is floating and large, death ensues.
In traumatic injury from falling with internal blood stasis and abdominal distension, if the pulse is small and weak, death ensues.