右手指头肺相连。四十五动无忧虑。急极明知是中风。
言医人以食指探病患之右寸。乃肺脉也。亦须准前五九四十五动而
不歇。则无忧虑矣。若诊得其脉患极而弦。是为金衰不能制木。而风热
愈盛。知为中风之候矣。
按经云。右手寸口脉遍沉伏。乍小乍大。朝来浮大。暮来沉伏。浮大即太
过。上出鱼际。沉伏即下。不至关中。往来无常。时时复来者。榆叶枯落而
死。(叶一作荚)
更看二十余七度。忽然指下来往慢。肺冷莫言无大故。一朝肺绝脉沉沉。
染病卧床思此语。
诊得肺脉。于二十七动上。忽然来往慢慢而迟迟。则为寒。其肺冷可知
矣。然不得谓之无大故也。倘不以为意。于二十七动上一变慢而为沉。
则肺将绝矣。何也二十七动以四五除之。尚余其七。七为火之成数。以
五五除之。尚余其二。二为火之生数。合生成之数俱火。则肺金受伤。染
病卧床。悔将何及也。
十二动而又不来。咳嗽吐脓兼难补。发直如麻只片时。扁鹊也。应难救获。
倘诊肺脉。于十二动上而又不见其来。夫肺金也。十二动以二五除之。
尚余其二。二为火之生数。以一五除之。尚余其七。七为火之成数。合生
成之数俱火。洁古曰。金得火而缺也。金被火伤。则咳嗽吐脓。欲泻其肺。
则肺已受伤。欲补则反助贼邪。及其终也。则发直如麻。纵有卢扁。有何益焉。
右手食指所按的寸口部位与肺脏相连。脉搏跳动四十五次而无间歇,便无需担忧。若脉象急疾至极且明显呈现弦象,则明确知道是中风病证。
医生用食指探查病患右手的寸口脉,这就是肺脉。也必须参照前文所述的九乘以五等于四十五次跳动且不歇止,这样才没有忧虑。如果诊察到脉象患疾极重且呈弦象,这是因为金(肺)衰败不能制约木(肝),导致风热更加旺盛,可以确知这是中风的征候了。
按照经典记载:右手寸口脉普遍沉伏,时而细小时而宏大,早晨浮大,傍晚沉伏。浮大即为太过,脉气上出至鱼际部位;沉伏即为不及,脉气下不去至关中部位。脉气往来无常,时时复现者,如同榆树叶枯落一样,预示死亡。(“叶”字有的版本作“荚”)。
再观察二十多次或七次跳动,忽然指下感觉脉来往来缓慢。肺寒不能说没有大问题。一旦肺气绝灭,脉象深沉。染病卧床时回想这句话。
诊察得到肺脉,在二十七次跳动之上,忽然感觉脉来慢慢而迟缓,这就属于寒证,其肺脏寒冷是可以知道的。然而不能称之为没有大碍。倘若不在意,在二十七次跳动之上,脉象一变慢而转为沉脉,那么肺气将要绝灭了。为什么呢?二十七次跳动以四五相除(注:此处原文逻辑似有特定算法背景,通常指代某种数理推演,如27/5余2等,但原文表述为“以四五除之”,结合后文“尚余其七”及“以五五除之尚余其二”,需仔细辨析。原文逻辑较为晦涩,直译为:二十七动除以四五得余七?或者二十七动涉及火数。让我们看下文解释:“七为火之成数...二为火之生数”。这里似乎是在用河图洛书数理。27 = 5*5 + 2? 不对。27 = 4*5 + 7? 也不对。原文说“以四五除之...尚余其七”,可能是笔误或特定算法。再看“以五五除之...尚余其二”。25+2=27。所以后半句是27除以25余2。前半句“以四五除之”可能是指除以5?27/5=5余2。但原文说余7。这可能是指27这个数字本身包含的火数含义,或者原文有误。但在翻译时,应忠实于原文的字面意思和逻辑结构,即使其数学逻辑在现代看来奇怪。原文逻辑是:27动 -> 余7 (火成数) -> 余2 (火生数) -> 合生成之数俱火 -> 肺金受伤。
修正理解:原文可能意指27这个数在五行数理中的归属。27 = 2 + 7? 或者 27 mod 10 = 7? 无论如何,翻译时需保留其推理过程。)
若诊察肺脉,在十二次跳动处又见脉不来。伴有咳嗽、吐脓血且难以补益。头发直立如麻状只是片刻之间,即使是扁鹊在世,也难以救活。
倘若诊察肺脉,在十二次跳动处又见不到脉气来复。肺属金。十二次跳动以二五相除(12/5=2余2),尚余其二,二是火的生数;以一五相除(12/10? 或者 12/5=2, 2*5=10? 原文逻辑混乱,直译即可:十二动以二五除之,尚余其二...以一五除之,尚余其七...)。洁古曰:金得火而缺也。金被火伤,则出现咳嗽、吐脓。想要泻肺,则肺已受伤;想要补肺,则反而助长贼邪。到了终末阶段,则头发直立如麻,纵有卢医(卢循,代指名医)和扁鹊,又有什么益处呢。
The Cun Kou pulse at the tip of the right hand is connected to the Lung. If the pulse beats forty-five times without pause, there is no cause for worry. If the pulse is extremely rapid and clearly wiry (Xian Mai), it is known to be Wind-Stroke (Zhong Feng).
The physician uses the index finger to palpate the patient's right Cun Kou pulse, which is the Lung pulse. It must also conform to the previous rule of ninety-four-forty-five beats without cessation; thus, there is no worry. If the pulse is found to be severely afflicted and wiry, this indicates that Metal (Lung) is deficient and cannot control Wood (Liver), causing Wind-Heat to become even more vigorous. It can be known as a sign of Wind-Stroke.
According to the classics: The right hand Cun Kou pulse is generally deep and hidden (Chen Fu), sometimes small and sometimes large. In the morning, it is floating and large (Fu Da); in the evening, it is deep and hidden. Floating and large indicates excess (Tai Guo), with the pulse qi emerging above the Yu Ji area. Deep and hidden indicates deficiency, failing to reach the Guan Zhong area. The pulse comes and goes irregularly, appearing from time to time; this is like the falling of elm leaves, indicating death. ("Leaf" is written as "pod" in some versions).
Furthermore, observe if after twenty or seven beats, the pulse suddenly feels slow in its coming and going under the fingers. Lung Cold should not be dismissed as having no major consequence. Once the Lung Qi perishes, the pulse becomes deep. Reflect on these words when bedridden by illness.
When diagnosing the Lung pulse, if at twenty-seven beats the pulse suddenly comes slowly and迟 (chi/slow), it belongs to Cold. The coldness of the Lung is evident. However, it cannot be said that there is no major issue. If neglected, and at twenty-seven beats the pulse changes from slow to deep, then the Lung Qi is about to perish. Why? Twenty-seven beats divided by four and five leaves a remainder of seven. Seven is the completed number of Fire. Divided by five and five, it leaves a remainder of two. Two is the generated number of Fire. Combining the generated and completed numbers, all belong to Fire. Thus, Lung Metal is injured, leading to being bedridden by illness, and regret will be of no avail.
If twelve beats occur and the pulse does not come again, accompanied by coughing, expectoration of pus, and difficulty in tonification. Hair stands straight like hemp for only a moment. Even if Bian Que were alive, he would hardly be able to save the patient.
If, upon diagnosing the Lung pulse, at twelve beats the pulse fails to appear again. The Lung belongs to Metal. Twelve beats divided by two and five leaves a remainder of two. Two is the generated number of Fire. Divided by one and five, it leaves a remainder of seven. Seven is the completed number of Fire. Jiegu said: Metal meets Fire and becomes deficient. When Metal is injured by Fire, symptoms such as coughing and expectorating pus occur. To purge the Lung, the Lung is already injured; to tonify the Lung, one instead assists the thief pathogen. At the end stage, the hair stands straight like hemp. Even if Lu Yi (Lu Xun, referring to famous physicians) and Bian Que were present, what good would they do?