主治乳肿也。
考 证
薏苡附子散，证不具也。
以上一方，薏苡仁十五两。
薏苡附子败酱散证曰∶腹皮急、按之濡、如肿状。
以上一方，薏苡仁十分。
麻黄杏仁薏苡甘草汤，证不具也。
以上一方，薏苡仁半两。
互 考
薏苡附子散，证不具也，而薏苡附子败酱散，言如肿状，则主治浮肿明矣；麻黄杏仁薏
苡甘草汤，亦就麻黄杏仁甘草石膏汤，而去石膏加薏苡，则用之于咳喘浮肿可也。
品 考
薏苡仁 和、汉无别，田野水边，处处多有焉，本交趾之种，马援载还也，本邦有二，
其壳浓，无芽，以为念经数珠，不中用药也。有芽尖而壳薄，即意苡也，俗传其种弘法师之
所将来也，因号弘法麦。
主治心胸痛而喘息咳唾也，旁治背痛、心中痞。
考 证
栝蒌薤白白酒汤证曰∶喘息、咳唾、胸背痛。
枳实薤白桂枝汤证曰∶胸痹、心中痞。
以上二方，薤白皆半升。
栝蒌薤白半夏汤证曰∶心痛彻背。
以上一方，薤白三两。
上历观此三方，薤白所主治也，不辨而明矣。
品 考
薤白 有赤白二种，白者为良。李时珍曰∶薤叶状似韭，韭叶中实而扁，有剑脊，薤叶
中空，似细葱叶而有棱，气亦如葱，二月开细花，紫白色，根如小蒜，一本数颗，相依而生；
五
主治乳房肿胀。
考证
薏苡附子散，其适应证并不完整（指原文未详述该方所有症状）。
以上一方，薏苡仁用量为十五两。
薏苡附子败酱散的适应证描述为：腹壁紧绷、按压时柔软、像有肿物状。
以上一方，薏苡仁用量为十分。
麻黄杏仁薏苡甘草汤，其适应证并不完整。
以上一方，薏苡仁用量为半两。
互考
薏苡附子散，其适应证并不完整；而薏苡附子败酱散中提到“像有肿物状”，那么薏苡仁主治浮肿是明确的；麻黄杏仁薏苡甘草汤，也是在麻黄杏仁甘草石膏汤的基础上，去掉石膏加入薏苡仁，那么将其用于咳嗽气喘和浮肿是可以的。
品考
薏苡仁 中国和朝鲜半岛没有区别，田野水边到处都有，原本是交趾的品种，由马援带回本国。本国有两种，壳厚且无芽的，被用作念经计数珠，不适合入药。有芽尖且壳薄的，就是薏苡，民间传说其种子是由弘法大师带来的，因此被称为弘法麦。
考证
栝蒌薤白白酒汤的适应证描述为：喘息、咳嗽吐痰、胸背疼痛。
枳实薤白桂枝汤的适应证描述为：胸痹、心中痞塞感。
以上二方，薤白用量均为半升。
栝蒌薤白半夏汤的适应证描述为：心痛放射至背部。
以上一方，薤白用量为三两。
纵观上述三方，薤白所主治的症状，不言自明。
品考
薤白 有红色和白色两种，白色者为优良。李时珍说：薤叶形状类似韭菜，韭菜叶中间实心且扁平，有剑脊般的棱线；薤叶中空，类似细葱叶但有棱，气味也如葱，二月开小花，紫白色，根部像小蒜，一株结多颗，相互依偎生长；五
Indicates the main treatment for breast swelling.
Textual Research
In the Yiyi Fuzi San (Coix Seed and Aconite Powder), the indications are not fully detailed.
For the above formula, the dosage of Coicis Semen (Yiyiren, 薏苡仁) is fifteen liang.
The indications for Yiyi Fuzi Baijiang San (Coix Seed, Aconite, and Perilla Root Powder) state: tightness of the abdominal wall, soft upon palpation, resembling a swelling.
For the above formula, the dosage of Coicis Semen (Yiyiren, 薏苡仁) is ten fen.
In the Mahuang Xingren Yiyi Gancao Tang (Ephedra, Apricot Kernel, Coix Seed, and Licorice Decoction), the indications are not fully detailed.
For the above formula, the dosage of Coicis Semen (Yiyiren, 薏苡仁) is half a liang.
Cross-Reference
Regarding Yiyi Fuzi San (Coix Seed and Aconite Powder), the indications are not fully detailed; however, since Yiyi Fuzi Baijiang San (Coix Seed, Aconite, and Perilla Root Powder) mentions "resembling a swelling," it is clear that Coicis Semen (Yiyiren, 薏苡仁) mainly treats edema. Regarding Mahuang Xingren Yiyi Gancao Tang (Ephedra, Apricot Kernel, Coix Seed, and Licorice Decoction), it is derived from Mahuang Xingren Gancao Shigao Tang (Ephedra, Apricot Kernel, Licorice, and Gypsum Decoction) by removing Gypsum and adding Coicis Semen (Yiyiren, 薏苡仁); thus, it can be used for cough, asthma, and edema.
Product Research
Coicis Semen (Yiyiren, 薏苡仁): There is no distinction between Chinese and Japanese varieties; they are abundant in fields and by water sides. Originally a species from Jiaozhi, it was brought back by Ma Yuan. In our country, there are two types: those with thick shells and no sprouts are used as prayer beads and are unsuitable for medicinal use. Those with sharp sprouts and thin shells are true Coicis Semen (Yiyiren, 薏苡仁). Folklore claims their seeds were brought by Kobo Daishi, hence the name "Kobo Mugi" (弘法麦).
Mainly treats chest and heart pain accompanied by wheezing, coughing, and expectoration; secondarily treats back pain and a sensation of stagnation in the heart region.
Textual Research
The indications for Gualou Xiebai Baijiu Tang (Trichosanthes, Macrostemon, and White Wine Decoction) state: wheezing, coughing with expectoration, and chest-back pain.
The indications for Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi Tang (Immature Bitter Orange, Macrostemon, and Cinnamon Twig Decoction) state: chest bi syndrome (obstruction) and a sensation of stagnation in the heart region.
For the above two formulas, the dosage of Allii Macrostem Bulbus (Xiebai, 薤白) is half a sheng.
The indications for Gualou Xiebai Banxia Tang (Trichosanthes, Macrostemon, and Pinellia Decoction) state: heart pain radiating to the back.
For the above formula, the dosage of Allii Macrostem Bulbus (Xiebai, 薤白) is three liang.
Observing these three formulas, the symptoms treated by Allii Macrostem Bulbus (Xiebai, 薤白) are self-evident.
Product Research
Allii Macrostem Bulbus (Xiebai, 薤白): There are red and white varieties, with the white variety being superior. Li Shizhen stated: The leaves of Xiebai resemble those of garlic chives; garlic chive leaves are solid and flat in the middle with a sword-like ridge, whereas Xiebai leaves are hollow, similar to scallion leaves but with edges, and have a scent like scallions. It blooms small purple-white flowers in February. The roots resemble small garlic bulbs, with multiple bulbs growing together from one stem; five