苦辛咸平，入肺、大肠经。下气定喘，软坚化痰，为疏理风气、水湿专药。密绢包
人酌用。根∶能续筋。
苦辛温润，入肺而化气开结，理虚嗽，止血，为治血痰专药。阴虚肺热，不宜多用
用。亦可盐水或蜜水炒用。白者，名女菀，功用相近，但入气分为异。
性味辛温，入肺而润燥化痰，除烦止咳，为肺虚咳嗽专药。去梗用花，虚甚蜜炙。
苦酸性平，入足厥阴，少阴。炒用性温，益肝肾，强筋骨，能引诸药下行。生用利
散恶血。酒炒入肝，盐水炒入肾。川产，长于利湿；杜产，名天明精，一名地松，去
气陷便泄、精滑者并忌。
苦温纯阳，入肾命而主降治疝，壮元阳，祛冷湿，为肾虚腹中冷痛之专药。炒研用
虚火炎者忌。
味苦大辛，生温熟热。入三阴而祛寒理血，止痛调经，为暖子宫专药。灸火通十二
气，治寒湿痹痛。野艾∶但能灸火，不入汤剂。
性味甘温。烧灰，治血崩金疮。子∶散结，治乳痈。油∶辛热损目。有木、草二种。
性味甘凉，专去湿热，治赤白下利，带下崩中。子，治肠风。苗，涂疮痔。与青葙
类两种。
【旋复花】味苦、辛、咸，性平，归肺经和大肠经。能降气定喘，软化坚结并化解痰浊，是疏理风气与水湿的专用药物。使用时需用密绢包裹，根据情况酌情用量。其根：能够接续断裂的筋脉。
【女菀】味苦、辛，性温润，入肺经而化气开结，调理虚劳咳嗽，止血，是治疗血痰的专用药物。阴虚肺热者，不宜多用。也可以用盐水或蜜水炒制后使用。白色的称为“女菀”，功效相近，但主要作用于气分，这是它与前者的区别。
【款冬花】性味辛温，入肺经而润燥化痰，除烦止咳，是治疗肺虚咳嗽的专用药物。使用时去掉梗部只用花朵，若虚损严重则用蜜炙。
【牛膝】味苦、酸，性平，归足厥阴肝经和足少阴肾经。炒制后性温，能补益肝肾，强健筋骨，能引导其他药物下行。生用能利散恶血。酒炒后入肝经，盐水炒后入肾经。四川产地的长于利湿；杜地（陕西等地）产的称为“天明精”或“地松”。气陷导致的大便泄泻、精气滑脱者均忌用。
【续断】味苦、辛，微温，入肝肾经而调理损伤、接续筋脉，通经络、安胎。用酒炒后使用。
【小茴香】味苦温，属纯阳之品，入肾命门而主降逆治疗疝气，壮元阳，祛冷湿，是治疗肾虚腹中冷痛的专用药物。炒研后使用。虚火旺盛者忌用。
【艾叶】味苦大辛，生用性温，熟用性热。入三阴经而祛寒理血，止痛调经，是温暖子宫的专用药物。艾灸可通行十二经脉之气，治疗寒湿痹痛。野艾：只能用于艾灸，不能入汤剂服用。
【白及】性味甘温。烧成灰后，治疗血崩和金创（金属利器造成的创伤）。其子：能散结，治疗乳痈（乳腺炎）。其油：辛热，会损伤眼睛。有木本和草本两种。
【青葙子】性味甘凉，专去湿热，治疗赤白痢疾、带下病和崩漏。其子：治疗肠风（便血）。其苗：外涂治疗疮痔。与青葙类似有两种。
【紫珠草】性味辛寒，益阴而止吐血、衄血（鼻出血）。生于江浙地区的田埂间。
[Inula Flower] Bitter, pungent, and salty in flavor; neutral in nature. Enters the Lung and Large Intestine meridians. It directs Qi downward, calms wheezing, softens hardness, and resolves phlegm. It is a specific herb for dispersing Wind-Qi and dampness. When used, it should be wrapped in fine silk and administered according to the patient's condition. The root: can knit sinews.
[Polygala Root] Bitter and pungent, warm and moistening. Enters the Lung meridian to transform Qi, open stagnation, regulate deficiency coughs, and stop bleeding. It is a specific herb for treating blood-stained sputum. In cases of Yin deficiency with Lung heat, it should not be used excessively. It may also be stir-fried with salt water or honey water. The white variety is named *Nüwan* (Female Polygala), with similar functions but primarily acting on the Qi level, which distinguishes it from the previous one.
[Winter Bud Flower] Pungent and warm in nature. Enters the Lung meridian to moisten dryness and resolve phlegm, relieve irritability, and stop coughing. It is a specific herb for Lung deficiency coughs. Use only the flowers after removing the stems; if deficiency is severe, stir-fry with honey.
[Achyranthes Root] Bitter and sour, neutral in nature. Enters the Foot Jueyin Liver and Foot Shaoyin Kidney meridians. After stir-frying, it becomes warm, benefiting the Liver and Kidneys, strengthening bones and sinews, and guiding other herbs downward. Raw use promotes the dispersion of stagnant blood. Stir-fried with wine enters the Liver; stir-fried with salt water enters the Kidney. Those produced in Sichuan are better at promoting dampness drainage; those from Du region are named *Tianming Jing* or *Disong*. Contraindicated in cases of Qi sinking with diarrhea or seminal emission.
[Dipsacus Root] Bitter and pungent, slightly warm. Enters the Liver and Kidney meridians to regulate injuries and knit sinews, unblock meridians, and calm the fetus. Use after stir-frying with wine.
[Fennel Fruit] Bitter and warm, purely Yang in nature. Enters the Kidney Mingmen to direct Qi downward and treat hernia, strengthen primal Yang, and dispel cold-dampness. It is a specific herb for cold pain in the abdomen due to Kidney deficiency. Use after stir-frying and grinding. Contraindicated in cases with deficient fire flaring upward.
[Mugwort Leaf] Bitter and highly pungent. Raw usage is warm; cooked usage is hot. Enters the Three Yin meridians to dispel cold, regulate blood, stop pain, and regulate menstruation. It is a specific herb for warming the uterus. Moxibustion can circulate Qi through the Twelve Meridians and treat bi-syndrome caused by cold-dampness. Wild Mugwort: can only be used for moxibustion, not for decoctions.
[Bletilla Tuber] Sweet and warm in nature. Burned to ash, it treats metrorrhagia and metallic wounds. Its seeds: disperse nodules and treat mastitis. Its oil: pungent and hot, damages the eyes. There are two types: arboreal and herbaceous.
[Celosia Seed] Sweet and cool in nature. Specifically clears damp-heat, treating dysentery (red and white), leukorrhea, and metrorrhagia. Its seeds: treat intestinal wind (hematochezia). Its seedlings: applied topically for sores and hemorrhoids. Similar to Celosia, there are two varieties.
[Perilla Leaf/Herb] Pungent and cold in nature. Nourishes Yin and stops hematemesis and epistaxis. Grows between field ridges in Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
[Belamcanda Rhizome] Bitter and highly cold. Clears heat and detoxifies. Juice extracted and poured into the throat effectively opens blockages. The dregs applied topically to carbuncles and swellings help them suppurate and disperse.
[Trichosanthes Fruit/Gourd Peduncle] Sweet and cold in nature. Clears heat and induces vomiting of phlegm. Extract juice, add a little vinegar, and administer orally to induce immediate expectoration, thereby relieving throat obstruction. Its seeds: facilitate childbirth.