一名白鹤仙，即白鹤花根。辛甘性寒，涂痈肿，解诸毒，最能损齿去牙。
大苦大寒，入足太阴、手足阳明、厥阴。其性沉阴降泄，酒制亦能上行，荡涤肠胃
攻下实热之专药。生用更峻，苟非实热内结，不可轻投。
性味辛寒，破症瘕血结，除热痹排脓。《素问》四乌 骨一 如丸，用以治妇人血枯
血结，甚效。
一名地松，一名活鹿草，一名虾蟆蓝。辛甘性寒，能除热吐痰，破血解毒。根∶名
膝，功用相同。鹤虱∶即天名精子，性味苦寒，杀虫治蛇，为蛔咬腹痛专药。
性味辛热，入肾命而助火兴阳，治虚劳失溺，或阳虚溺闭。专于补火助阳，惟精寒火
者宜之，有火者切忌。糯米泔浸去毒用。
一名 耳，即诗卷耳。甘苦性温，善于发汗，解散风湿，上通脑顶，下行足膝，外
肤，去刺酒蒸。虚人忌之。
味苦大寒，力能利肠，治疮，消肿追风。仅可外科敷治，不入汤药。
一名急性子。微苦微温，性急通窍，催生堕胎，透骨损齿，与玉簪根同功。花∶甘
滑，活血，能消积聚。根叶∶苦甘微辛，散血通经，涂打扑肿痛。
性味苦温，入血分，以祛风寒湿痹。大损新血，无瘀勿用。
又名白鹤仙，即白鹤花的根。味辛、甘，性寒，外涂可治痈肿，解除各种毒素，但最能损伤牙齿、导致牙齿脱落。
味极苦、性极寒，归足太阴脾经、手足阳明经及厥阴经。其药性沉降阴寒，具有降泄作用，经酒制后也能上行，是荡涤肠胃、攻下实热的专用药物。生用效力更峻猛，如果不是体内有实热结聚，不可轻易使用。
味辛、性寒，能破除癥瘕（腹内结块）和血结，清除热痹并排出脓液。《素问》中的四乌骨一茹丸，用它来治疗妇女血枯、血结之证，效果显著。
又名地松、活鹿草、虾蟆蓝。味辛、甘，性寒，能清除热邪、吐出痰涎，破血解毒。根部：名为“膝”（此处指某特定部位或别名，原文为“名 膝”，结合语境可能指代特定药用部位或别名，暂译为名称为“膝”），功效相同。鹤虱：即天名精子，味苦、性寒，杀虫、治疗蛇咬伤，是治疗蛔虫咬致腹痛的专用药物。
味甘、微辛、性寒，功效专于清热解毒，散结消痈。捣碎外涂可用于治疗蛇、虫、狂犬咬伤。
味辛、苦，微温，祛风胜湿，煎水洗头治疗头风、疝气及瘕块。不用于汤剂内服。
味辛、性热，入肾命门而助火兴阳，治疗虚劳导致的遗尿，或阳虚导致的尿闭。专门补火助阳，只有精气寒冷、命门火衰者适宜使用，体内有火热者切忌使用。用糯米泔水浸泡以去除毒性后使用。
又名卷耳，即诗经中的卷耳。味甘、苦，性温，善于发汗，解散风湿，上通脑顶，下行至足膝，外达皮肤，去刺后用酒蒸。体虚之人忌用。
味苦、性大寒，力量能通利肠道，治疗疮疡，消肿追风。仅可外用敷治，不用于汤药内服。
又名急性子。味微苦、微温，药性急迫能通窍，催生堕胎，透骨损齿，与玉簪根功效相同。花：味甘、滑，活血，能消除积聚。根叶：味苦、甘、微辛，散血通经，外涂治疗跌打肿痛。
味苦、性温，入血分，用以祛除风寒湿痹。严重损耗新血，没有瘀血者勿用。
Also known as Baihe Xian (White Crane Immortal), it is the root of the White Crane Flower. Acrid and sweet in flavor, cold in nature, applied externally for carbuncles and swellings, resolves various toxins, but is most capable of damaging teeth and causing tooth loss.
Bitter and extremely cold in nature, enters the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian, Hand and Foot-Yangming Meridians, and Jueyin Meridian. Its nature is sinking, yin, descending, and purgative; even after wine processing, it can ascend, acting as a dedicated drug to cleanse the intestines and stomach and purge excess heat from solid accumulations. Used raw, its action is more drastic; if there are no internal solid heat accumulations, it should not be lightly administered.
Acrid in flavor and cold in nature, breaks up zheng zha (abdominal masses) and blood stasis, clears heat-bi, and discharges pus. In the "Si Wu Gu Yi Ru Wan" (Four Black Bone and One Asparagus Root Pill) from *Suwen*, it is used to treat women's blood depletion and blood stasis, with significant efficacy.
Also known as Di Song (Earth Pine), Huo Lu Cao (Living Deer Grass), and Xia Ma Lan (Toad Blue). Acrid and sweet in flavor, cold in nature, removes heat, expels phlegm, breaks blood, and resolves toxicity. The root: named Xi (Knee), has identical functions. Heshi (Nipplewort Fruit): refers to *Lappula squarrosa* seed, bitter in flavor and cold in nature, kills parasites, treats snake bites, and is a dedicated drug for abdominal pain caused by roundworms.
Sweet, slightly acrid, and cold in nature, specializes in clearing heat and resolving toxicity, dissipating nodules, and reducing carbuncles. Crushed and applied externally for snake, insect, or rabid dog bites.
Acrid and bitter, slightly warm, treats rheumatic spasm and bi-syndrome pain. Used after roasting.
Acrid and bitter, slightly warm, dispels wind and overcomes dampness, decocted for washing the head to treat cephalalgia due to wind, hernia, and jia masses. Not used in decoctions for internal administration.
Acrid in flavor and hot in nature, enters the Kidney and Mingmen (Gate of Life) to assist fire and stimulate yang, treating deficiency-wasting syndrome with enuresis, or urinary retention due to yang deficiency. It specifically tonifies fire and assists yang; only suitable for those with cold essence and deficient fire, strictly contraindicated for those with internal heat. Soaked in rice water to remove toxicity before use.
Also known as Juan Er (Rolling Ear), referring to the plant mentioned in the *Shijing* (Classic of Poetry). Sweet and bitter in flavor, warm in nature, good at inducing sweating, dispersing wind-dampness, ascending to connect the crown of the head, descending to reach the feet and knees, and extending outward to the skin. Spines removed, steamed with wine. Contraindicated for persons with deficiency.
Bitter in flavor and extremely cold in nature, powerfully promotes bowel movement, treats sores, reduces swelling, and expels wind. Only suitable for external application, not for internal decoctions.
Also known as Ji Xing Zi (Acute Seed). Slightly bitter and slightly warm, its nature is urgent and unblocking, induces labor, causes abortion, penetrates bones, damages teeth, and shares the same function as Yuzan Gen (Tricyrtis Rhizome). Flower: sweet and slippery, invigorates blood, eliminates accumulations. Root and leaves: bitter, sweet, and slightly acrid, disperses blood, unblocks meridians, applied externally for traumatic swelling and pain.
Bitter in flavor and warm in nature, enters the Blood level, used to dispel wind-cold-damp bi-syndrome. Severely depletes new blood; do not use if there is no blood stasis.