一名茭笋，一名菰米。甘冷性滑，去热除烦，退黄利便。根∶名菰根，冷利甚于芦根
实∶名雕胡米，救荒亦可暂充粮食。
甘平无毒，乃楠木上糯米种出，大益胃气。与麻菰、鸡 性味不殊。麻菰∶埋桑树、
木于土中，浇以米泔而生。其出云南沙地间者，高脚散头；名鸡 菜，力能益胃清神。其
菰兼能化痰，鸡 兼能治痔，较香蕈为性发耳。瘠地所出一种，形瘦味淡，性亦稍敛，名
肉，亦供食品，皆为蔬馔之佳肴。土蕈∶得郁蒸之气而生，助长湿热最甚。雷蕈∶甘美可
疮疥人忌之。
（麻麦 稻稷 粟 菽 豆 造酿）
一名巨胜子，即脂麻。性味甘平，益肝补肾，润燥填精，黑者良。蒸晒用。麻油∶滑
利产，润燥通肠，肠滑者均忌。辟虱胡麻，味甘微温，疗大风疮癣，只宜入药，不堪服食
味甘微寒，养心止汗，利溲除烦。小麦面∶甘温，补虚养气，助胃益脾。多食，则壅
作胀，助湿发热。新麦性热，病患忌之。陈久者良。北麦较胜，可常食之。小麦秆∶利小
烧灰去恶
蒸熨痹痛
【背景信息】
书名：药性切用 章节：茭白 / ... / 小麦（共11节） 类别：本草
【待处理原文】
一种名为茭笋，又称菰米。其性味甘、冷，质地滑利，能清除热邪、消除烦躁，退黄并通利小便。根部：称为菰根，其寒凉滑利之性比芦根更强。果实：称为雕胡米，在饥荒年份也可暂时作为粮食充饥。
一种名为紫英。其性味甘、寒，略带咸味，能泻除热邪、消散结聚，软化坚硬并消除瘿瘤（甲状腺肿大等）。多食会使人脾胃受寒。
[紫菜]性味甘、咸，寒凉，能软化坚硬、化解痰浊，散结消瘿，功效与紫菜相近。
[海带/昆布类]性味甘、咸，大寒，能清利上焦的浮热，但易引发下部的虚寒。确实不是实热证的话，不可轻易使用。
[石花菜类]性味甘、寒，略带咸味，能清热散结，利水消瘿，功效较石花菜稍缓。
俗称云耳。性味甘、平，质地滑利，能润燥利肠，烧成灰可治疗五种痔疮。大便不实者忌服。
[香菇]性味甘、平，无毒，是生长在楠木上的糯米种菌所生，对胃气大有益处。其性味与麻菰、鸡枞菌没有区别。麻菰：是将桑树、树木埋入土中，浇灌米泔水而生长的。从云南沙地间长出的，茎高脚长、菌盖散开；称为鸡枞菜，功效能益胃清神。这种菰兼能化痰，鸡枞兼能治痔，相比香蕈而言，其性偏于发散。贫瘠土地长出的一种，形状瘦小、味道清淡，性质也稍收敛，称为肉蕈，也可供食用，都是蔬菜菜肴中的佳肴。土蕈：得郁蒸之气而生，助长湿热最甚。雷蕈：甘美可口，疮疥患者忌食。
（麻、麦、稻、稷、粟、豆、造酿）
一种名为巨胜子，即脂麻（芝麻）。其性味甘、平，能益肝补肾，润燥填精，黑色的为佳。需蒸晒后使用。麻油：滑利产道，润燥通肠，肠道滑泄者均忌服。辟虱胡麻，味甘微温，治疗大风疮癣，只宜入药，不适合食用。
[大麦]性味甘、平，能缓和脾脏、润燥，滑利大肠。生研恐其过于滋润，也有焙炒后使用的。
[小麦]味甘微寒，能养心止汗，利小便除烦。小麦面：性味甘温，能补虚益气，助胃益脾。多食则会导致气机壅滞而腹胀，助湿发热。新麦性热，病患忌食。陈久的为好。北方产的小麦较好，可以常食。小麦秆：利小便，烧灰可去除恶肉，蒸熨可治痹痛。
Background Information:
Book: Yao Xing Qie Yong (Essential Uses of Medicinal Properties)
Chapter: Jiao Bai (Zizania Latifolia Stem) / ... / Xiao Mai (Triticum aestivum L.) (Total 11 sections)
Category: Materia Medica
Original Text Processing:
One name is Jiao Sun, another name is Gu Mi. Its nature is sweet and cold, with a slippery texture; it clears heat and removes irritability, reduces jaundice, and promotes urination. Root: Named Gu Gen, its cold and purgative properties are stronger than those of Lu Gen (Reed Rhizome). Fruit: Named Diao Hu Mi, it can temporarily serve as food in times of famine.
One name is Zi Ying. Its nature is sweet, cold, and slightly salty; it drains heat, dissipates nodules, softens hardness, and eliminates goiter. Excessive consumption causes coldness in the middle jiao.
[Sweet Kelp/Zi Cai]: Nature is sweet, salty, and cold; it softens hardness, resolves phlegm, dissipates nodules, and eliminates goiter, with efficacy similar to Zi Cai.
[Kun Bu/Kelp]: Nature is sweet, salty, and greatly cold; it benefits the upper jiao by clearing floating heat but induces deficiency-cold in the lower jiao. If it is not an excess-heat syndrome, it should not be administered lightly.
[Shi Hua Cai/Gelidium]: Nature is sweet, cold, and slightly salty; it clears heat, dissipates nodules, promotes diuresis, and eliminates goiter, with efficacy slightly slower than Shi Hua Cai.
Commonly known as Yun Er. Nature is sweet and neutral, with a slippery texture; it moistens dryness and benefits the intestines. Ash from burning treats five types of hemorrhoids. Contraindicated for those with loose stools.
[Xiang Gu/Shiitake Mushroom]: Nature is sweet, neutral, and non-toxic; it is produced from glutinous rice seeds on Nan Mu trees and greatly benefits stomach qi. Its flavor and nature are no different from Ma Gu and Ji Zong. Ma Gu: Grows when mulberry or other trees are buried in soil and irrigated with rice wash water. Those growing in sandy areas of Yunnan have high stems and scattered caps; named Ji Zong Cai, its power benefits the stomach and clarifies the spirit. This type of Gu also resolves phlegm, while Ji Zong treats hemorrhoids; compared to Xiang Gu, its nature is more dispersing. A variety grown in barren land is thin and bland in taste, with a slightly astringent nature, named Rou Zhun, also edible, all being delicacies among vegetables. Tu Zhun: Born from stagnant and steaming qi, it most strongly aids damp-heat. Lei Zhun: Sweet and delicious, contraindicated for those with sores and scabies.
(Hemp, Wheat, Rice, Millet, Sorghum, Beans, Fermentations)
One name is Ju Sheng Zi, which is Zhi Ma (Sesame). Its nature is sweet and neutral; it benefits the liver and kidneys, moistens dryness, and fills essence. The black variety is superior. It should be steamed and sun-dried before use. Ma You (Sesame Oil): Lubricates childbirth, moistens dryness, and unblocks the intestines; contraindicated for those with intestinal slipperiness. Pi Shi Hu Ma, nature is sweet and slightly warm; treats severe wind sores and tinea, suitable only for medicinal use, not for dietary consumption.
[Da Mai/Farmer's Barley]: Nature is sweet and neutral; it moderates the spleen, moistens dryness, and lubricates the large intestine. Raw grinding may be too moistening; some are used after roasting.
[Xiao Mai/Wheat]: Flavor is sweet and slightly cold; it nourishes the heart, stops sweating, promotes urination, and removes irritability. Xiao Mai Mian (Wheat Flour): Nature is sweet and warm; it tonifies deficiency, nourishes qi, assists the stomach, and benefits the spleen. Excessive consumption leads to stagnation and distension, aiding dampness and generating fever. New wheat has a hot nature and is contraindicated for patients. Old wheat is better. Northern wheat is superior and can be consumed regularly. Xiao Mai Gan (Wheat Straw): Promotes urination; ash removes evil flesh; steaming and compressing treats bi-syndrome (painful obstruction).