味苦。性寒。无毒。
【主治】主解胃家热毒。（本经） 主天行热疾。及解中诸毒。恶菌毒。恶疮。治痘疮
因
热黑
一名
降阴火。（丹溪）
【归经】入胃经。为大解热毒之品。（通行五脏）
【前论】斗门曰。人有奔走发狂。热病似癫。如见鬼神。久不得汗。及不知人事者。乃
阳明蕴热也。非此不能除。
【禁忌】经疏曰。伤寒瘟疫。非阳明实热。痘疮。非大热郁滞因而紫黑干陷倒靥者。均
忌。
味咸。性平。无毒。乃人溺之积气结成。降也。阴也。
【主治】主疗鼻衄。汤火灼疮。（本经） 治传尸劳热。肺痿。心膈热。吐血羸瘦。渴
疾。
（
肌肤
症积满
阴降火
【归经】入肝肾三焦膀胱四经。为除热降火之品。
【前论】丹溪曰。人中白能泻肝三焦膀胱火。盖膀胱乃此物之故道也。又曰。气有余即
是火
惜哉
之圣药
时珍
治鼻
于肺
【禁忌】经疏曰。凡虚寒。及溏泄。或阳虚无火。食不消者。二物均忌。
以上泻剂人部
味辛。性寒。无毒。
【主治】主面痈肿。皮肤洗洗时痛。腹中血气。破寒热积聚。除惊悸。（本经） 烧灰。
酒服方
【归经】入肝经。为散血明目之品。（本经血分药）
【前论】时珍曰。此为蝙蝠屎中未化蚊蚋眼。但蝙蝠有毒。切不可入药。
【炮制】雷公曰。凡使。淘去灰土恶臭。取细砂。晒干焙用。
【人中黄】
味苦。性寒。无毒。
【主治】主要解除胃部的热毒。（出自《本经》）主治流行性热病，以及解除各种中毒、恶菌毒、恶疮，治疗痘疮因热毒导致的颜色发黑。
又名：降阴火。（出自朱丹溪）
【归经】入胃经，是解除热毒的重要药物。（通行于五脏）
【前论】斗门记载：有人奔跑发狂，热病症状类似癫狂，如见鬼神，长期无法出汗，以及神志不清者，这是阳明经蕴积热毒所致。非此药不能清除。
【禁忌】缪希雍《本草经疏》记载：伤寒瘟疫，若非阳明实热证；痘疮，若非大热郁滞导致颜色紫黑、干陷或倒靥（痘疹内陷不起）者，均忌用。
【人中白】
味咸。性平。无毒。乃人尿中的沉积物凝结而成。性质沉降，属阴。
【主治】主要治疗鼻出血，汤火烫伤。（出自《本经》）治疗传尸劳热（肺结核等慢性消耗性疾病引起的发热）、肺痿、心膈热、吐血、身体消瘦、口渴疾。
（肌肤症积满... 阴降火... 之圣药... 时珍... 治鼻... 于肺... 惜哉... 气有余即是火）
【归经】入肝、肾、三焦、膀胱四经，是清热降火的药物。
【前论】朱丹溪说：人中白能泻肝、三焦、膀胱之火。因为膀胱是人尿排泄的通道，故此药对膀胱之火有特殊疗效。又说：气有余便是火。
【禁忌】缪希雍《本草经疏》记载：凡是虚寒证，以及大便溏泄，或阳气虚弱无火、饮食不消化者，这两种药（指人中黄与人中白）均忌用。
以上属于泻剂中的人部药物。
【夜明砂】
味辛。性寒。无毒。
【主治】主要治疗面部痈肿，皮肤阵阵疼痛，腹中血气阻滞，破除寒热积聚，消除惊悸。（出自《本经》）烧成灰后，用酒送服，方有效。
【归经】入肝经，是散血明目的药物。（《本经》列为血分药）
【前论】李时珍说：这是蝙蝠粪便中未消化的蚊蚋眼睛部分。但蝙蝠有毒，切不可入药。
【炮制】雷敩《雷公炮炙论》说：凡使用，需淘去灰土和恶臭气味，取细砂，晒干焙干后使用。
[Renzhonghuang]
Bitter in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily resolves heat-toxin in the Stomach (Ben Jing). Treats epidemic febrile diseases and resolves various poisons, including toxic bacteria, malignant sores, and treats smallpox lesions that turn black due to heat-toxin.
Also known as: Descends Yin Fire (Zhu Danxi).
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Stomach meridian; it is a potent agent for resolving heat-toxin (circulates through the Five Zang organs).
[Preliminary Discussion] Doumen records: Individuals who run wildly and go mad, suffering from febrile diseases resembling mania, hallucinating spirits and ghosts, unable to sweat for a long time, or losing consciousness, are suffering from accumulated heat-toxin in the Yangming channel. Only this herb can eliminate it.
[Contraindications] According to *Bencao Jing Shu* by Miao Xiyong: Contraindicated in Shanghan (cold damage) and plagues if not accompanied by Yangming excess-heat syndrome; contraindicated in smallpox if not characterized by severe heat stagnation leading to purple-black, dry, sunken, or inverted lesions.
[Renzhongbai]
Salty in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It is formed by the accumulation and condensation of gases from human urine. Its nature is descending and yin.
[Indications] Primarily treats epistaxis (nosebleed) and burns/scalds (Ben Jing). Treats transmissive consumption with fever (consumptive disease with fever), lung atrophy, heat in the heart and diaphragm, hematemesis, emaciation, and thirst.
(Regarding skin, masses, fullness... descends fire... holy medicine... Li Shizhen... treats nose... on lungs... pity... excess qi becomes fire...)
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Liver, Kidney, Sanjiao, and Bladder meridians; it is an agent for clearing heat and descending fire.
[Preliminary Discussion] Zhu Danxi stated: Renzhongbai can drain fire from the Liver, Sanjiao, and Bladder. This is because the Bladder is the natural pathway for urine. He also stated: Excess qi manifests as fire.
[Contraindications] According to *Bencao Jing Shu* by Miao Xiyong: Contraindicated in cases of deficiency-cold, loose stools, or yang deficiency without fire causing indigestion. Both herbs (Renzhonghuang and Renzhongbai) are contraindicated in these conditions.
The above belong to the Human Category within Purgative Agents.
[Yeming Sha]
Pungent in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats facial carbuncles and swelling, intermittent skin pain, blood and qi stagnation in the abdomen, breaks up cold-heat accumulations, and eliminates palpitations/fright (Ben Jing). When calcined to ash and taken with wine, it is effective.
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Liver meridian; it is an agent for dispersing blood and brightening the eyes (classified as a blood-category herb in Ben Jing).
[Preliminary Discussion] Li Shizhen stated: This consists of undigested mosquito larvae eyes found in bat feces. However, bats are toxic, so it must strictly not be used in medicinal preparations.
[Processing] Lei Gong stated: In preparation, wash away dust, earth, and foul odor; select the fine sand; dry and roast before use.