味辛甘。性平。无毒。禀天地轻清之气而生。升也。阳也。
【主治】主消渴。身大热。呕吐。诸痹。（本经） 伤寒中风头痛。解肌。发表出汗。
开
腠理
烦热
器） 〔
利大
主
【归经】入胃膀胱二经。兼入脾经。为解肌升阳散火之品。（兼宣剂）
【前论】洁古曰。太阳初病头痛。未入阳明。不可服葛根升麻以发之。恐反引邪入阳明
也。
溪曰。凡斑痘。已见红点。不可服葛根、升麻。恐表虚。反增斑烂也。又曰。凡治疟。无汗
要有汗。散邪为主。带补。有汗要无汗。扶正为主。带散。若阳疟有汗。加参、 、白术
以敛之。无汗。加芩、葛、苍术以发之。
【禁忌】备要曰。多用反伤胃气。升散太过也。
味甘苦。性平。无毒。禀天地清阳之气而生。升也。阳也。
【主治】主解百毒。杀百精老物殃鬼。辟瘟疫瘴气邪气蛊毒。入口皆吐出。中恶腹痛。
时
脓。
通。
浊
【归经】入脾胃二经。为升阳散毒之品。（兼宣剂 脾胃引经药 疮家圣药 能发浮汗）
【前论】元素曰。凡补脾胃药。非此为引用。不能收效。脾痹非此不能除。升发火郁。
能升
中之
缓带
散手
【禁忌】经疏曰。凡吐衄。咳多痰。阴虚火动。肾经不足。及气逆呕吐。惊悸怔忡癫狂
等病
葛根：味辛、甘。性平。无毒。禀受天地轻清之气而生。具有上升的特性。属于阳。
【主治】主要治疗消渴（以多饮、多食、多尿、身体消瘦为特征的疾病）。身体高热。呕吐。各种痹证（肢体关节疼痛、麻木、屈伸不利的病证）。（出自《本经》）伤寒中风引起的头痛。解除肌表之邪。发汗解表。
打开腠理（皮肤纹理及毛孔）。
烦热。
器） 〔
利大
主
【归经】入胃经和膀胱经。兼入脾经。是解除肌表之邪、升举阳气、疏散火邪的药物。（属于兼宣剂）
【前论】洁古说。太阳经初发病出现头痛时，病邪尚未传入阳明经，不可服用葛根、升麻来发散，恐怕反而引邪气进入阳明经。
李东垣说。凡是痘疹，已经出现红点时，不可服用葛根、升麻，恐怕导致体表虚弱，反而增加斑疹溃烂的情况。又说。凡是治疗疟疾，无汗的要使其有汗，以散除邪气为主，兼顾补益；有汗的要使其无汗，以扶助正气为主，兼顾散邪。如果是阳疟且有汗，加入人参、[缺字]、白术来收敛；无汗的，加入黄芩、葛根、苍术来发散。
【禁忌】备要说。多用反而损伤胃气，因为升散太过。
升麻：味甘、苦。性平。无毒。禀受天地清阳之气而生。具有上升的特性。属于阳。
【主治】主要解除各种毒物毒性。杀死百精老物殃鬼（指各种邪祟毒气）。辟除瘟疫、瘴气、邪气、蛊毒。入口皆吐出。中恶腹痛。
时
脓。
通。
浊
【归经】入脾经和胃经。是升举阳气、疏散毒邪的药物。（属于兼宣剂 脾胃引经药 疮家圣药 能发浮汗）
【前论】张元素说。凡是补益脾胃的药物，如果不以此药作为引经药，就不能收到疗效。脾痹非此药不能消除。升发火郁。
能升
中之
缓带
散手
【禁忌】缪希雍说。凡是吐血、鼻衄，咳嗽多痰，阴虚火动，肾经不足，以及气逆呕吐、惊悸怔忡、癫狂等疾病。
Ge Gen (Kudzu Root): Acrid and sweet in flavor. Neutral in nature. Non-toxic. Born from the light and clear Qi of Heaven and Earth. It ascends. It is Yang.
[Indications] Primarily treats Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst syndrome, characterized by excessive drinking, eating, urination, and emaciation). High fever. Vomiting. Various Bi syndromes (diseases characterized by pain, numbness, and limited mobility of limbs and joints) (from *Shennong Ben Cao Jing*). Headache caused by Shang Han (Cold Damage) or Zhong Feng (Wind Strike). Resolves the muscle layer. Releases the exterior and induces sweating.
Opens the Cou Li (skin texture and pores).
Fan Re (Vexing heat).
Qi) [
Li Da
Zhu
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Stomach and Bladder meridians. Also enters the Spleen meridian. It is a substance that resolves the muscle layer, raises Yang, and disperses Fire. (Belongs to the Category of Combined Release Agents)
[Prior Discussions] Jiegu said: When Tai Yang disease first presents with headache, before it has entered the Yangming stage, Ge Gen and Sheng Ma should not be used to induce sweating, for fear of drawing the pathogenic factor into the Yangming stage.
Xi said: In cases of smallpox/varioloid, once red spots have appeared, Ge Gen and Sheng Ma should not be administered, for fear that the exterior deficiency will worsen the ulceration of the rash. He also said: In treating Nu E (Malaria), if there is no sweat, aim to induce sweat, prioritizing the dispersion of pathogens while accompanying with tonification; if there is sweat, aim to stop it, prioritizing the support of healthy Qi while accompanying with dispersion. If it is Yang-type Malaria with sweat, add Ren Shen (Ginseng), [missing character], and Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome) to astringe; if there is no sweat, add Huang Qin (Scutellaria Root), Ge Gen, and Cang Zhu (Atractylodes Lancea Rhizome) to disperse.
[Contraindications] Bei Yao said: Excessive use may damage Stomach Qi due to excessive ascending and dispersing action.
Sheng Ma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma): Sweet and bitter in flavor. Neutral in nature. Non-toxic. Born from the clear and Yang Qi of Heaven and Earth. It ascends. It is Yang.
[Indications] Primarily resolves various toxins. Kills hundred spirits, old entities, and malevolent ghosts (referring to various evil qi and toxic influences). Expels plague, miasma, evil qi, and Gu poison. Causes substances entering the mouth to be vomited out. Treats Zhong E (acute poisoning/evil invasion) abdominal pain.
Shi
Nong.
Tong.
Zhuo
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Spleen and Stomach meridians. It is a substance that raises Yang and disperses toxicity. (Belongs to the Category of Combined Release Agents; Channel-directing herb for Spleen and Stomach; Holy medicine for skin sores; Can induce superficial sweating)
[Prior Discussions] Yuansu said: In any formula for tonifying the Spleen and Stomach, without this herb as a guiding agent, efficacy cannot be achieved. Pi Bi (Spleen Bi syndrome) cannot be eliminated without this herb. It raises and disperses constrained Fire.
Neng Sheng
Zhong Zhi
Huan Dai
San Shou
[Contraindications] Jing Shu said: For conditions such as hematemesis (vomiting blood), epistaxis (nosebleed), cough with profuse phlegm, Yin deficiency with hyperactive fire, Kidney meridian insufficiency, as well as rebellious Qi vomiting, palpitations, fright, epilepsy, and mania.