〔大〕妇人头眩，由气虚风入于脑，循脉引于目系，目系急而然也。邪甚则必癫。
《素问》云∶头痛癫疾，下虚上实，过在足少阴、巨阳，甚则入肾。徇蒙招摇，目瞑耳聋；
下实上虚，过在足少阳、厥阴，甚则在肝。下虚者，肾虚也，故肾厥则头痛；上虚者，肝
虚也，故肝虚则晕。徇蒙者，如以物蒙其首，招摇不定，目眩耳聋，皆晕之状，故肝厥头
痛不同也。
〔薛〕丹溪先生云∶眩者言其黑运旋转，其状目闭眼暗，身转耳聋，如立舟船之上，起
则欲倒。盖虚极乘寒得之，亦不可一途而取轨也。若风则有汗，寒则掣痛，暑则热闷，湿
则重滞，此四气乘虚而眩晕也。若郁结生痰而眩晕者，此七情虚火上逆也。若淫欲过度
而眩晕者，此肾虚气不归源也。若吐衄漏崩而眩晕者，此肝虚不能摄血也。有早起眩晕，
须臾自定者，元气虚也，正元饮（杂病自汗。）下黑锡丹。（杂病头痛。）伤湿头晕，用肾着汤（杂病
伤湿。）加川芎。有痰，用青州白丸子。（杂病中风。）头风，风热也，久则目昏。偏头风相火也，
久则目紧便涩。皆宜出血以开表之。窃谓前证肝虚头晕，用钓藤散。肾虚头晕，六味丸。
（杂病虚劳。）头晕吐痰，养正丹；不应，八味丸。（杂病虚劳。）血虚，四物、参、苓、白术；不应，
当归补血汤。（杂病劳倦。）气虚，四君、归、 ；不应，补中益气汤。（杂病劳倦。）肝木实，泻青
丸。（杂病头痛。）虚用地黄丸。（杂病虚劳。）不应，川芎散。脾气虚，二陈、参、术、柴胡、升
麻；不应，益气汤加茯苓、半夏。脾胃有痰，半夏白术天麻汤。风痰上涌，四神散。发热
恶寒，八物汤。（杂病虚劳。）七情气逆，四七汤。伤湿而晕，除湿汤。（杂病中湿。）一妇素头晕，
不时而作，月经迟而少，此中气虚弱，不能上升而头晕，不能下化而经少。用补中益气
汤而愈。后因劳仆地，月经如涌，此劳伤火动，用前汤加五味子，一剂而愈。前证虽云
气无所附，实因脾胃亏损耳。一妇人内热口干，劳则头晕、吐痰、带下。详下嘈杂门。
养正丹 治虚风头眩，吐涎不已。盖此药升降阴阳，补接真气，非止头眩而已。
黑铅 水银 硫黄（研） 朱砂（研，各一两）
上用建盏一只，火上熔铅成汁，次下水银，用柳杖子打停，取下歇少时，入二味打
停，候冷取下，研为粉，以糯米软饭丸如绿豆大。每服三十丸，枣汤吞下，空心食前，日
二服。
钓藤散 （《本事》）治肝厥头晕。清头目。
钓藤 陈皮（去白） 半夏（汤洗七次，切片子） 麦门冬（去心） 茯苓（去皮） 茯神（去木）
人参（去芦） 甘菊花 防风（去芦，各半两） 甘草（二钱半，炙） 石膏（一两）
上 咀，每服四钱，水一盏半，生姜七
片，煎至一盏，去滓热服，日进二服。
独活散 治妇人风眩，头疼呕逆，身体时痛，情思昏闷。
独活（一两） 白术（去芦） 防风（去芦） 细辛（去苗） 人参（去芦） 芎 荆芥（各七钱半）
半夏（汤洗七次，切片子） 炙甘草 赤芍药（各半两） 石膏（二两）
上 咀，每服八钱，水一中盏半，生姜七片，薄荷七叶，煎至一大盏，去滓温服，不拘时。
川芎散 治风眩头晕。
川芎 山药 白茯神（去木） 甘菊花（野菊不用） 人参（各半两，去芦） 山茱萸肉（一两）
上为细末，每服二钱，温酒调下，不拘时候，日进三服。
四神散 治妇人血风，眩晕头痛。
菊花 当归（去芦） 旋复花 荆芥穗（各等分）
上为细末，每服二钱，水一盏，葱白三寸，茶末一钱，煎至七分，通口服，良久，去枕仰卧少时。
《斗门方》 治血风头旋，或不知人事。
用喝起草嫩心阴干为末，酒服二钱，其功甚效。即前苍耳散。
治头旋如天动地转，名曰心眩。
胆矾一两，细研，用面饼剂一个拌匀，勒如骰子大，瓦上焙干。每服一骰，为末，灯心、竹
茹煎汤调下。此去痰之法，当审而用之。
【戴元礼】妇女出现头晕，是由于气虚导致风邪侵入脑部，沿着经脉牵引至目系（连接眼睛与脑部的脉络），使目系拘急而引发。若邪气严重，则必然发展为癫疾（精神失常类疾病）。
《素问》说：头痛和癫疾，属于下部虚弱、上部实证，病位在足少阴肾经和足太阳膀胱经，严重时病邪深入肾脏。出现视物模糊、摇晃不定、闭眼昏蒙、耳聋等症状；若是下部实证、上部虚弱，病位在足少阳胆经和足厥阴肝经，严重时病在肝脏。下部虚弱，是指肾虚，所以肾气逆乱会导致头痛；上部虚弱，是指肝虚，所以肝虚会导致眩晕。徇蒙（xùn méng），感觉像有东西蒙住头部，摇晃不定，眼花耳聋，都是眩晕的表现，所以肝气逆乱引起的头痛与此不同。
【薛己】丹溪先生说：眩晕是指眼前发黑、旋转的感觉，症状表现为闭眼昏暗，身体转动时感到耳聋，就像站在船或车上一样，站起来就想倒下。这大多是因为极度虚弱又感受寒邪所致，也不能仅凭一种途径来治疗。如果是风邪引起的，会有汗出；寒邪引起的，会有牵拉性疼痛；暑邪引起的，会有热闷感；湿邪引起的，会有沉重滞涩感，这是四种外邪乘虚而入导致的眩晕。如果是因郁结生痰导致的眩晕，这是七情（喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊）失调导致虚火上逆。如果是因房事过度导致的眩晕，这是肾虚导致气不能归元。如果是因吐血、鼻出血、漏下或崩漏导致的眩晕，这是肝虚不能统摄血液。有早起时眩晕，片刻后自行缓解的，是元气虚弱，可用正元饮（见杂病自汗篇），或服用黑锡丹（见杂病头痛篇）。伤湿导致的头晕，用肾着汤（见杂病伤湿篇）加川芎。有痰的，用青州白丸子（见杂病中风篇）。头风，属于风热，日久会导致视力模糊。偏头风，属于相火妄动，日久会导致眼部紧缩、小便涩痛。这些都适宜通过放血疗法来开泄表邪。我认为前述肝虚头晕，用钓藤散。肾虚头晕，用六味丸（见杂病虚劳篇）。头晕伴吐痰，用养正丹；若无效，用八味丸（见杂病虚劳篇）。血虚，用四物汤加人参、茯苓、白术；若无效，用当归补血汤（见杂病劳倦篇）。气虚，用四君子汤加当归；若无效，用补中益气汤（见杂病劳倦篇）。肝木实证，用泻青丸（见杂病头痛篇）。虚证用地黄丸（见杂病虚劳篇）；若无效，用川芎散。脾气虚，用二陈汤加人参、白术、柴胡、升麻；若无效，用益气汤加茯苓、半夏。脾胃有痰，用半夏白术天麻汤。风痰上涌，用四神散。发热恶寒，用八物汤（见杂病虚劳篇）。七情气机逆乱，用四七汤。伤湿而晕，用除湿汤（见杂病中湿篇）。有一位妇女平时经常头晕，不时发作，月经推迟且量少，这是中气虚弱，不能上升导致头晕，不能下行化生导致经少。服用补中益气汤而痊愈。后来因劳累跌倒，月经如涌般大量出血，这是劳累损伤导致火动，用前方加五味子，一剂即愈。前述病症虽然说是气无所依附，实际上是因为脾胃亏损所致。另一位妇女内热口干，劳累时头晕、吐痰、带下。详见嘈杂门。
养正丹 治疗虚风头眩，吐涎不止。此药能升降阴阳，补接真气，不仅治疗头眩。
黑铅 水银 硫黄（研细） 朱砂（研细，各一两）
以上药物，取一只建盏，在火上熔化黑铅成汁，接着加入水银，用柳枝搅拌至均匀，取下放置稍凉，再加入硫黄和朱砂搅拌至均匀，待冷却后取出，研磨成粉，用糯米软饭制成如绿豆大小的丸药。每次服用三十丸，枣汤送服，空腹饭前服用，每日两次。
钓藤散 （出自《本事方》）治疗肝厥头晕。清利头目。
钓藤 陈皮（去白） 半夏（沸水洗七次，切片） 麦门冬（去心） 茯苓（去皮） 茯神（去木） 人参（去芦） 甘菊花 防风（去芦，各半两） 甘草（二钱半，炙） 石膏（一两）
以上药物捣碎，每次取四钱，加水一盏半，生姜七片，煎至一盏，去渣热服，每日进服两次。
独活散 治疗妇人风眩，头痛呕吐，身体时常疼痛，神情昏闷。
独活（一两） 白术（去芦） 防风（去芦） 细辛（去苗） 人参（去芦） 川芎 荆芥（各七钱半） 半夏（沸水洗七次，切片） 炙甘草 赤芍药（各半两） 石膏（二两）
以上药物捣碎，每次取八钱，加水一盏半，生姜七片，薄荷七叶，煎至一大盏，去渣温服，不拘时间。
川芎散 治疗风眩头晕。
川芎 山药 白茯神（去木） 甘菊花（不用野菊） 人参（各半两，去芦） 山茱萸肉（一两）
以上药物研为细末，每次服用二钱，温酒调服，不拘时候，每日三次。
四神散 治疗妇人血风，眩晕头痛。
菊花 当归（去芦） 旋复花 荆芥穗（各等分）
以上药物研为细末，每次服用二钱，加水一盏，葱白三寸，茶末一钱，煎至七分，通口服，过一会儿，去掉枕头仰卧片刻。
《斗门方》 治疗血风头旋，或不知人事。
用喝起草嫩心阴干研为末，酒送服二钱，功效甚佳。即前面的苍耳散。
治疗头旋感觉天地转动，名为心眩。
胆矾一两，细研，用一个面饼剂拌匀，捏成骰子大小，在瓦上焙干。每次服用一个骰子量，研为末，用灯心草、竹茹煎汤调服。这是祛痰的方法，应当审慎使用。
[Da] Women's dizziness is caused by Qi deficiency allowing Wind pathogen to enter the brain, following the meridians to draw upon the Eye System (the network connecting the eyes and the brain), causing tension in the Eye System. If the pathogen is severe, it will inevitably develop into Dian disease (a mental disorder).
The *Suwen* states: Headache and Dian disease involve deficiency below and excess above, with the pathology lying in the Foot Shaoyin Kidney meridian and Foot Taiyang Bladder meridian; if severe, the pathogen enters the Kidney. Symptoms include visual obscurity, swaying instability, closing of eyes with dimness, and deafness; if there is excess below and deficiency above, the pathology lies in the Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder meridian and Foot Jueyin Liver meridian; if severe, it affects the Liver. Deficiency below refers to Kidney deficiency, thus Kidney rebellion causes headache; deficiency above refers to Liver deficiency, thus Liver deficiency causes vertigo. Xunmeng (visual obscurity) feels as if something covers the head, with swaying instability, blurred vision, and deafness, all being manifestations of vertigo; therefore, Liver rebellion causing headache is different from this.
[Xue] Master Danxi said: Vertigo refers to the sensation of blackness and rotation, presenting with closed eyes and dim vision, body turning accompanied by deafness, feeling as if standing on a boat or ship, with a desire to fall when rising. This is generally due to extreme deficiency combined with Cold invasion, and cannot be treated by a single method alone. If caused by Wind, there will be sweating; if by Cold, there will be pulling pain; if by Summerheat, there will be heat and stifling sensation; if by Dampness, there will be heaviness and stagnation. These are four types of external pathogens invading through deficiency leading to vertigo. If caused by phlegm generated from emotional constraint, this is due to deficiency Fire counterflow resulting from the Seven Emotions (Joy, Anger, Worry, Pensiveness, Sorrow, Fear, Fright). If caused by excessive sexual indulgence, this is due to Kidney deficiency where Qi fails to return to its source. If caused by hematemesis, epistaxis, metrorrhagia, or metrorrhagia flooding, this is due to Liver deficiency failing to control blood. For those who experience dizziness in the early morning which resolves spontaneously after a moment, this is Yuan Qi deficiency; Zhengyuan Yin (see Miscellaneous Diseases: Spontaneous Sweating) can be used, or Heixi Dan (see Miscellaneous Diseases: Headache). For dizziness due to Dampness injury, Shenzhuo Tang (see Miscellaneous Diseases: Dampness Injury) plus Chuanxiong Radix is used. For cases with phlegm, Qingzhou Baiwanzi (see Miscellaneous Diseases: Stroke) is used. Toufeng (Head Wind) is Wind-Heat, which over time leads to blurred vision. Pian Tou Feng (Hemicrania) is due to Ministerial Fire hyperactivity, which over time leads to tightness of the eyes and dysuria. All these conditions are suitable for treatment via bloodletting to open the exterior. I believe that for the aforementioned Liver deficiency causing dizziness, Diaoteng San should be used. For Kidney deficiency causing dizziness, Liuwei Wan (see Miscellaneous Diseases: Deficiency Labor) is used. For dizziness with expectoration, Yangzheng Dan is used; if ineffective, Bawei Wan (see Miscellaneous Diseases: Deficiency Labor) is used. For Blood deficiency, Siwu Decoction plus Ginseng Radix, Poria, and Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome is used; if ineffective, Danggui Buxue Tang (see Miscellaneous Diseases: Fatigue and Overwork) is used. For Qi deficiency, Sijunzi Decoction plus Dang Gui is used; if ineffective, Buzhong Yiqi Tang (see Miscellaneous Diseases: Fatigue and Overwork) is used. For Liver Wood excess, Xieqing Wan (see Miscellaneous Diseases: Headache) is used. For deficiency, Dihuang Wan (see Miscellaneous Diseases: Deficiency Labor) is used; if ineffective, Chuanxiong San is used. For Spleen Qi deficiency, Erchen Decoction plus Ginseng Radix, Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome, Bupleurum Root, and Cimicifuga Rhizome is used; if ineffective, Yiqi Tang plus Poria and Pinellia Tuber is used. For Phlegm in the Spleen and Stomach, Banxia Baizhu Tianma Tang is used. For Wind-Phlegm surging upward, Sishen San is used. For fever and aversion to cold, Bawu Tang (see Miscellaneous Diseases: Deficiency Labor) is used. For counterflow of Qi due to the Seven Emotions, Siqui Tang is used. For dizziness due to Dampness injury, Chushi Tang (see Miscellaneous Diseases: Dampness Invasion) is used. One woman had chronic dizziness occurring intermittently, with delayed and scant menstruation; this was due to Middle Qi deficiency failing to ascend causing dizziness, and failing to descend transforming causing scant menses. She was cured using Buzhong Yiqi Tang. Later, due to fatigue and falling, her menstruation flowed like a surge; this was due to fatigue injuring and stirring Fire, so she was treated with the previous formula plus Schisandra Berry, and was cured after one dose. Although the aforementioned condition is described as Qi having no attachment, it is actually due to Spleen and Stomach damage. Another woman had internal heat and dry mouth, with dizziness, expectoration, and leukorrhea upon exertion. See the section on Heartburn.
Yangzheng Dan treats deficiency-type Wind dizziness and continuous salivation. This medicine regulates Yin and Yang, supplements and connects True Qi, and does more than just treat dizziness.
Heiqian (Black Lead), Shuiyin (Mercury), Liuhuang (Sulfur, ground), Zhusha (Cinnabar, ground, each 1 liang).
Take one Jian ware cup, melt the lead over fire until liquid, then add mercury, stir with a willow branch until uniform, remove and let cool slightly, then add the two other ingredients and stir until uniform. After cooling, remove, grind into powder, and make pills the size of mung beans using soft glutinous rice paste. Take 30 pills each time, swallowed with jujube soup, on an empty stomach before meals, twice daily.
Diaoteng San (from *Ben Shi Fang*) treats Liver Jue dizziness. Clears the head and eyes.
Gou Teng (Uncaria Rhynchophylla), Chenpi (Tangerine Peel, white part removed), Banxia (Pinellia Tuber, washed seven times in boiling water, sliced), Maimendong (Ophiopogon Tuber, heart removed), Fuling (Poria, peel removed), Fushen (Poria with hostwood, wood removed), Renshen (Ginseng Radix, rhizome removed), Ganjuhua (Chrysanthemum Flower), Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root, rhizome removed, each half liang), Gancao (Licorice Root, 2.5 qian, honey-fried), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 1 liang).
Coarsely crush the herbs. Take 4 qian per dose, add 1.5 cups of water and 7 slices of fresh ginger, decoct until 1 cup remains, strain, and take hot. Administer twice daily.
Duhuo San treats women's Wind vertigo, headache, vomiting, occasional body pain, and mental dullness.
Duhuo (Angelica Pubescens Root, 1 liang), Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome, rhizome removed), Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root, rhizome removed), Xixin (Asarum Root, buds removed), Renshen (Ginseng Radix, rhizome removed), Chuanxiong (Ligusticum Rhizome), Jingjie (Schizonepeta Spike, each 7.5 qian), Banxia (Pinellia Tuber, washed seven times in boiling water, sliced), Zhi Gancao (Honey-fried Licorice Root), Chi Shaoyao (Red Peony Root, each half liang), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 2 liang).
Coarsely crush the herbs. Take 8 qian per dose, add 1.5 cups of water, 7 slices of fresh ginger, and 7 leaves of Bohe (Mint), decoct until one large cup remains, strain, and take warm. No specific timing required.
Chuanxiong San treats Wind vertigo and dizziness.
Chuanxiong (Ligusticum Rhizome), Shanyao (Dioscorea Rhizome), Bai Fushen (White Poria with hostwood, wood removed), Ganjuhua (Chrysanthemum Flower, wild chrysanthemum not used), Renshen (Ginseng Radix, rhizome removed, each half liang), Shanzhuyu (Cornus Fruit flesh, 1 liang).
Grind into fine powder. Take 2 qian each time, mixed with warm wine. No specific timing required, three doses daily.
Sishen San treats women's Blood Wind, vertigo, and headache.
Juhua (Chrysanthemum Flower), Danggui (Angelica Sinensis Root, rhizome removed), Xuanjinhua (Inula Flower), Jingjisui (Schizonepeta Spike, equal parts).
Grind into fine powder. Take 2 qian each time, add 1 cup of water, 3 cun of Congbai (Scallion White), and 1 qian of tea powder, decoct until 70% remains, drink through, wait a while, then lie supine without a pillow for a short time.
*Doudou Fang* treats Blood Wind dizziness or loss of consciousness.
Use the tender heart of Hecao Ca (Hydrocotyle Japonica), dry in shade, grind into powder, take 2 qian with wine. The effect is very good. This is the same as Cang'er San mentioned earlier.
For dizziness feeling like heaven and earth rotating, named Xin Xuan (Heart Vertigo).
Danfan (Alumen, 1 liang), finely ground, mix evenly with one dough cake, shape into dice-sized pieces, bake dry on tiles. Take one dice amount each time, grind into powder, mix with decoction of Dengxincao (Juncus Effusus) and Zhuru (Bambusa Textilis Caulis internodes), and swallow. This is a method to eliminate phlegm and should be used with caution.