古人论疮肿初生，经一二日不退，即须用汤水淋射之。其在四肢者，濡渍之。其在
腰腹及背者，淋射之。其在下部委曲者，淹渍之。无非疏导腠理，通调血脉，使无凝滞
也。《集验》云∶淋洗之法，每用药二两，水三升，煎取一升半，去渣，以净帛或新绵蘸
之，乘热 其患处，渐觉喜 ，仍淋浴之，稍冷则急令再换，慎勿冷用。肿疡宜紫葛汤，一
日五七次洗之，每洗后拭干，视疮顶上有白粒如米大者，以五灰膏贴破之，疮眼敷老皮
散，次用水调大铁箍散，围贴四边红肿处，用正铁箍散水调贴疮口，再洗则先去旧药，每
一次洗换新药如前。溃疡用猪蹄汤，一日一二次洗之，仍用大铁箍散如前围贴，疮口上
用追毒拔毒等贴之。败肉去后，间二三日一洗之，可换长肉膏贴之。淋洗之功，痈疽初
发，则宣拔邪气，可使消退，已成洗之，则疏导腠理，调和血脉，探引热毒，从内达外，
易深为浅，缩大为小；红肿延蔓洗之则收，殷紫黯黑洗之红活，逐恶气，祛风邪，除旧生
新。如疮口冷滞不收者，浓煎北艾汤洗，烧松香、兔毛熏之。淋洗之药，可与铁箍散并
行同功。大抵灸、烙、 、渍，各有所宜。凡疽则宜灸不宜烙，痈则宜烙不宜灸。丹瘤肿
毒，宜 渍之，肿皮光软则针开之，以泄其毒。认是疽疮，速以艾炷如绿豆许大，灸二
百壮，灸后觉似 痛，乃火气下彻，毒瓦斯随火而出。若其疮痒，宜淡豆豉，以椒、姜、盐、
葱和捣，捻作饼子如当三钱浓，安疮头上灸之，觉太热即抬起，又安其上，饼干再易新
者。若其疮痛，即须更灸，壮数以多为妙。已成脓者，不可灸当针开之。初觉背上有疮，疼
痒略异，认是发背，即取净土，水和捻作饼子，径一寸，浓二分，贴疮上，作艾炷灸之，
一炷一易。其疮粟米大时，可灸七七壮；如钱大者，日夜不住灸，以瘥为度。其疳 、恶
疮，诸法不验者，取蛴螬剪去两头，安疮口上，以艾灸之，七壮一易，不过七枚，无不
效者。又法∶以乞火婆虫，同前灸之，累试累验，人皆秘之，往往父子不传。
古人论述疮肿初起，经过一两天没有消退，就必须用汤药水进行淋洗或喷射。如果病灶在四肢，采用浸泡的方法；如果在腰腹及背部，采用淋洗或喷射的方法；如果在身体下部且部位弯曲隐蔽处，采用淹渍（长时间浸泡）的方法。这些方法无非是为了疏通腠理（皮肤纹理及汗孔），通畅血脉，使气血没有凝滞。《集验方》说：淋洗的方法，每次用药二两，水三升，煎煮取汁一升半，滤去药渣，用干净的布或新棉蘸取药液，趁热熨烫患处，逐渐感到舒适，然后继续淋浴，稍冷就立即更换，千万不要用冷的。对于未溃破的肿疡，适宜用紫葛汤，一天洗五到七次，每次洗后擦干，观察疮顶上有像米粒大小的白粒时，用五灰膏贴敷并挑破，疮眼处敷上老皮散，接着用水调和大铁箍散，围贴在四周红肿处，再用正铁箍散用水调匀贴在疮口上，再次清洗时先去掉旧药，每次清洗都换上新药，如同前述。对于已溃破的溃疡，使用猪蹄汤，一天洗一到两次，仍然用大铁箍散如前法围贴，疮口上使用追毒、拔毒等膏药贴敷。腐肉去除后，每隔两三天洗一次，可以换上长肉膏贴敷。淋洗的功效，在痈疽初发时，能宣发拔出邪气，使病情消退；已成形的痈疽通过淋洗，能疏通腠理，调和血脉，引导热毒从内达外，使深重的变为浅表，大的变为小；红肿蔓延通过淋洗则收敛，颜色殷红紫暗发黑通过淋洗则转为红润鲜活，驱逐恶气，祛除风邪，去除陈旧组织，生成新肉。如果疮口寒冷凝滞不愈合，用浓煎的北艾汤清洗，燃烧松香和兔毛来熏蒸。淋洗的药物，可以与铁箍散并行，起到相同的作用。大致来说，灸法、烙法、熏法、渍法，各有适宜的适用情况。凡是疽病适宜灸法而不适宜烙法，痈病适宜烙法而不适宜灸法。丹瘤肿毒，适宜熏渍，如果肿皮光亮柔软就用针刺开，以泄出毒邪。如果是疽疮，迅速用绿豆大小的艾炷，灸二百壮，灸后感觉似乎有疼痛感，这是火气深入透彻，毒邪随着火气排出。如果疮口瘙痒，适宜用淡豆豉，与花椒、生姜、盐、葱一起捣碎，捏成厚约三分钱的饼子，安放在疮头上灸治，感觉太热就抬起，再安放上去，饼子干了再换新的。如果疮口疼痛，就需要继续灸，壮数越多越好。已经化脓的，不可灸，应当针刺开排脓。刚觉得背上有疮，疼痛瘙痒略有异常，认定为发背（背部痈疽），就取洁净的泥土，加水捏成饼子，直径一寸，厚度二分，贴在疮上，用艾炷灸治，一炷换一个。疮口如粟米大小时，可灸四十九壮；如铜钱大小时，日夜不停灸，以痊愈为度。那些疳疮、恶疮，各种方法无效的，取蛴螬（金龟子幼虫）剪去两头，安放在疮口上，用艾灸治，七壮换一个，不超过七枚，没有不有效的。又一种方法：用乞火婆虫，同前面一样灸治，多次尝试多次有效，人们都秘而不宣，往往父子之间也不传授。
Ancient texts discuss that when a carbuncle or swelling first appears and does not subside after one or two days, it is necessary to use herbal decoctions for washing or spraying. If the lesion is on the limbs, soak (soaking) it. If it is on the waist, abdomen, or back, wash or spray (washing/spraying) it. If it is in the lower parts of the body where the anatomy is curved or concealed, immerse (immersion) it. These methods are none other than to dredge the *Couli* (pores and skin texture), unblock and regulate the blood vessels, ensuring no stagnation occurs. The *Ji Yan Fang* states: For the method of washing, use two liang of herbs with three sheng of water, boil until one and a half sheng remains, filter out the dregs, dip clean cloth or new cotton into the liquid, and apply heat to fumigate the affected area while warm. Gradually feel comfort, then continue to shower/wash. When it cools slightly, immediately replace with fresh hot liquid; strictly avoid using cold applications. For un-ulcerated swellings (*Zhongyang*), *Zige Tang* (Purple Kudzu Decoction) is suitable, wash five to seven times a day. After each wash, dry thoroughly. Observe if there are white granules the size of rice grains on the top of the sore; if so, apply *Wuhui Gao* (Five Ashes Ointment) to puncture it. Apply *Laopi San* (Old Skin Powder) to the sore opening. Next, mix *Datiegu San* (Great Iron Hoop Powder) with water and apply it around the red and swollen edges. Mix *Zhengtiegu San* (Correct Iron Hoop Powder) with water and apply it directly to the sore opening. For subsequent washes, remove the old medicine first, and apply new medicine as described above for each session. For ulcerated lesions (*Kuyang*), use *Zhuti Tang* (Pig Trotter Decoction), wash once or twice a day. Continue to apply *Datiegu San* around the area as before. Apply detoxifying and drawing-out ointments to the sore opening. After necrotic tissue is removed, wash every two to three days, and apply *Zhangrou Gao* (Flesh-Growing Ointment). The efficacy of washing: at the initial stage of abscesses and carbuncles, it expels pathogenic factors, allowing them to subside; for established lesions, it dredges the *Couli*, harmonizes blood circulation, guides heat toxins from the interior to the exterior, transforms deep conditions into superficial ones, and reduces large swellings to smaller ones; washing stops the spread of redness and swelling, restores vibrant color to dark purple or blackish lesions, drives away foul qi, dispels wind pathogens, removes old tissue, and generates new flesh. If the sore opening is cold and stagnant without healing, wash with strong decoction of *Bei Ai* (Northern Mugwort) and fumigate with burnt *Songxiang* (Pinus Rosin) and rabbit fur. The medicinal liquids for washing can work in parallel with *Tiegu San* (Iron Hoop Powder) to achieve similar effects. Generally speaking, moxibustion, cauterization, fumigation, and soaking each have their appropriate indications. For all types of *Ju* (deep-seated abscesses), moxibustion is preferred over cauterization; for *Yong* (superficial carbuncles), cauterization is preferred over moxibustion. For erysipelas-like tumors and toxic swellings, fumigation and soaking are suitable. If the swollen skin becomes shiny and soft, prick it with a needle to drain the toxin. Recognizing a *Ju* sore, quickly use moxa cones the size of mung beans, perform 200 moxibustion units (*Zhuang*). After moxibustion, if a sensation of pain is felt, it indicates that the fire qi has penetrated deeply, and the toxin is expelled along with the fire. If the sore itches, use lightly fermented soybeans (*Dandouchi*), mixed with pepper, ginger, salt, and green onion, pounded together, shaped into cakes about three qian thick, placed on the sore head for moxibustion. If it feels too hot, lift it up, then place it back again. Replace with a new cake when the current one dries. If the sore hurts, continue moxibustion; more *Zhuang* is better. For lesions that have already suppurred, do not use moxibustion; instead, prick open with a needle to drain pus. If one initially feels a sore on the back with slight differences in pain and itching, recognizing it as *Fabei* (Back Carbuncle), take clean soil, mix with water, shape into cakes one cun in diameter and two fen thick, apply to the sore, and moxibustate. Replace the cake with each cone. When the sore is the size of millet seeds, moxibustate 49 *Zhuang*; if the size of a coin, moxibustate continuously day and night until healed. For *Gan* sores and malignant ulcers where other methods fail, take *Qilao* (larvae of scarab beetles), cut off both ends, place on the sore opening, and moxibustate. Replace every seven *Zhuang*, using no more than seven larvae; this is invariably effective. Another method: use *Qihuo Po Chong* (a specific insect), moxibustate as described above. This has been tested repeatedly with success, but people keep it secret, often not even passing it down from father to son.