《素问》云∶血实宜决之。扁鹊云∶病在血脉者，治之以砭石，但见肿起，赤色游走
不定，状如丹瘤，先以生油涂赤上，以镰镰之，决泄其毒，不可太深。《内经》谓，刺皮
无伤肉。其法虽治疮疽，不可轻用也。
疮肿初生，似有头而未起，即当贴温热药，引出其热毒，火就燥之义也。若疮肿初
生，即高起四畔 赤，宜捣生寒药贴 ，折伏其热势，驱逐其邪恶，扑火之义也。大抵
敷贴之法，欲消散肿毒，疏通血脉，寒热错综，皆期于不成脓也。凡肿皮浓者，以软帛
或绵纸，涂药贴 之，待其药干方换。肿皮薄者，用疏纱或薄纸，涂药贴 之，其药未
干即当换之，至脓溃之后，即贴温肌生肉膏药，要在逐臭腐，排恶汁，取死肌，生良肉，
全藉温热膏剂之力也，切勿用寒凉药水调贴，令血滞而难瘥，盖血脉喜温而恶寒故也。《集
验》云∶痈疽无头起者，用神豸膏、灵龟膏、拔毒膏、正铁箍散贴，即令消退。溃脓者，用
灵龟膏贴之，或用追毒膏去脓，或用筒子收脓。有头疽疮，每于洗后，视赤晕阔狭，用
凉水调大铁箍散成膏，隆冬用温水调加人肉温贴之。肿赤盛，用生地黄自然汁调贴。围
贴之法，从四畔红晕处围贴，用皮纸掩上疮。有旋生白粒，散漫如米、如豆者，用银篦尾
拨去疮眼，用老皮散敷之，再换新药敷上。凡热多，则赤 肿散，热甚则紫黑，外寒郁之
亦紫，血虚兼寒则青白，大铁箍散、正铁箍散乃常用之药。或因风寒热及秽气厌触等证，
四时寒热不同，又宜从权设法，热者宜三黄散，热甚宜三消散，风者加羌活、防风。风
气滞者加木香，寒郁加桂，秽气触者宜加香药熏之。肿处脆嫩者，去白芨。去贴药时，看
毛下窍中当有汗珠，此则血脉疏通，热毒消散，赤晕渐缩，脓溃痛止，变逆为顺，皮毛
润活，要作良肉，但疽顶有些少腐，开不用刀剪。如药下不生汗珠，腐败必阔、必多也。
脓后围贴，则收散漫遗毒，尽随脓出，疮口贴拨毒膏药。如脓出不顺，用追毒膏。恶肉
不去，用金宝膏。败肉去后，围贴则气血活，新肉易长，疮口用长肉膏。敷贴之药，与淋
洗药，并行同功。郭氏法∶如是有头疮疽，就便用朱砂备急膏一丸，如黄豆大，安于疮头
上，却用软粘膏药盖护之，其疮必破。如疮晕紫黑色，外用宣毒散，周遭敷住毒瓦斯。如
疮晕赤红色，用水澄膏敷之；次日用坚峻碧云锭子，开了疮口；次用紧缓碧霞锭子，去
其歹肉；稍净，却用缓慢碧玉锭子生肌，总名青金锭子。不拘日数，直待歹肉去净，单
用膏药贴之。候脓水尽，肌肉平，方许贴生
好肌敛口之药。若根据此法，免教人受刀剪、针烙之苦。如是无头痈肿，待脓成，用针刺破，
方根据法收功也。
《素问》说：血气壅实应当用决泄的方法治疗。扁鹊说：病在血脉的，用砭石治疗，只见肿胀突起，红色游走不定，形状像丹瘤，先用生油涂抹在红肿处，用镰刀割破，决泄毒邪，不可割得太深。《内经》说，刺皮不要伤及肌肉。这种方法虽然用于治疗疮疽，但不可轻易使用。
疮肿初起，好像有头但未隆起，就应当贴敷温热药，引出热毒，这是“火就燥”的道理。如果疮肿初起，立即高起且四周发红，宜捣碎寒性药物贴敷，折伏热势，驱逐邪恶，这是“扑火”的道理。大抵敷贴的方法，想要消散肿毒，疏通血脉，无论寒热错综复杂，都期望它不化脓。凡是皮肤厚实的，用软帛或绵纸，涂药贴敷，等药干了再换。皮肤薄的，用疏纱或薄纸，涂药贴敷，药未干时就该更换。到了脓溃之后，就贴敷温肌生肉的膏药，关键在于去除臭腐，排出恶汁，去掉死肌，生长良肉，完全依赖温热膏剂的力量，千万不要用寒凉药水调匀贴敷，以免血液凝滞而难以痊愈，因为血脉喜欢温暖而厌恶寒冷。《集验方》说：痈疽没有头且不起的，用神豸膏、灵龟膏、拔毒膏、正铁箍散贴敷，就能消退。已经溃脓的，用灵龟膏贴敷，或者用追毒膏去脓，或者用筒子收脓。有头的疽疮，每次洗完后，观察赤色晕圈的宽窄，用凉水调和大铁箍散成膏状，隆冬时节用温水调和加入人肉（注：此处原文可能有误，通常为人参或类似温补药，但依原文直译）温贴。肿赤严重的，用生地黄自然汁调匀贴敷。围贴的方法，从四周红晕处围贴，用皮纸遮盖住疮口。如果有旋生白粒，散漫如米、如豆的，用银篦尾拨去疮眼，用老皮散敷上，再换新药敷上。凡是热多，则赤肿散漫；热甚则紫黑；外寒郁闭也呈紫色；血虚兼寒则青白。大铁箍散、正铁箍散是常用的药物。或者因为风寒热及秽气厌触等证候，四季寒热不同，又应当权变设法，热的宜用三黄散，热甚的宜用三消散，风的加羌活、防风。风气滞的加木香，寒郁的加桂枝，秽气触犯的宜加香药熏之。肿处脆嫩的，去掉白芨。揭去贴药时，看毛孔下窍中应当有汗珠，这说明血脉疏通，热毒消散，赤晕逐渐缩小，脓溃痛止，变逆为顺，皮毛润泽灵活，要生长良肉，只要疽顶有些许腐败，开不用刀剪。如果药下不生汗珠，腐败必定广泛且多。脓后围贴，则收摄散漫遗毒，尽随脓出，疮口贴敷拨毒膏药。如果脓出不顺畅，用追毒膏。恶肉不去，用金宝膏。败肉去除后，围贴则气血活跃，新肉容易生长，疮口用长肉膏。敷贴的药物，与淋洗药并行，发挥相同功效。郭氏的方法：像这种有头疮疽，就地取朱砂备急膏一丸，如黄豆大小，安放在疮头上，再用软粘膏药覆盖保护它，那疮一定会破。如果疮晕紫黑色，外用宣毒散，周遭敷住毒瓦斯。如果疮晕赤红色，用水澄膏敷之；次日用坚峻碧云锭子，开通疮口；接着用紧缓碧霞锭子，去除歹肉；稍微干净后，却用缓慢碧玉锭子生肌，总名青金锭子。不拘泥于日数，一直等到歹肉去净，单用膏药贴敷。等到脓水尽，肌肉平复，才允许贴敷生好肌敛口的药物。如果依据此法，免让人受刀剪、针烙之苦。如果是无头痈肿，等到脓成，用针刺破，才根据此法收功。
The *Suwen* (Plain Questions) states: When blood is excessive and stagnant, it is appropriate to drain it. Bian Que stated: For diseases in the blood vessels, treatment is performed with bi stones (lithic instruments). If swelling rises with wandering redness, resembling a danliu (red tumor), first apply raw oil to the red area, then incise it with a sickle to drain and release the toxicity; do not cut too deeply. The *Neijing* (Inner Canon) says, "Puncture the skin without injuring the flesh." Although this method is used for treating chongju (carbuncles and sores), it should not be used lightly.
When a sore or swelling first appears, seeming to have a head but not yet raised, warm-natured medicines should be applied as a plaster to draw out the heat-toxin, following the principle that "fire tends toward dryness." If a sore or swelling first appears, immediately rising high with redness on all sides, crushed cold-natured medicines should be applied as a plaster to subdue the heat trend and expel evil pathogens, following the principle of "extinguishing fire." Generally, the method of applying plasters aims to dissipate swelling and toxins and unblock the blood vessels; whether cold and heat are complex, the goal is to prevent suppuration. For areas where the skin is thick, use soft silk or cotton paper, apply medicine, and change it only after it dries. For areas where the skin is thin, use gauze or thin paper, apply medicine, and change it before it dries. After suppuration breaks, apply warming and flesh-generating plasters. The key lies in removing foul rot, draining bad fluids, eliminating necrotic tissue, and generating healthy flesh, relying entirely on the power of warm ointments. Do not use cold-cold water-based pastes for application, as this will cause blood stagnation and delay healing, because blood vessels prefer warmth and dislike cold. The *Jiyan Fang* (Collected Experiences) states: For carbuncles and sores without a head and not raised, apply Shenzhi Gao, Linggui Gao, Badu Gao, or Zheng Tiegu San; they will immediately subside. For those that have suppurated, apply Linggui Gao, or use Zuidu Gao to drain pus, or use a tube to collect pus. For youdu (sores with heads), after washing, observe the width of the red halo. Use Datiegu San mixed with cool water into a paste; in deep winter, mix with warm water and add Renrou (human flesh - *note: likely a textual error for a warming herb like Renshen*) for warm application. For severe swelling and redness, apply natural juice of Sheng Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix). The method of encircling application involves applying around the red halo from all sides, covering the sore with hide paper. If white grains appear spinningly, scattered like rice or beans, use the tail of a silver comb to pick away the sore eyes, apply Laopi San, and then apply fresh medicine. Generally, abundant heat causes redness and swelling to scatter; extreme heat turns them purple-black; external cold constraint also results in purple color; blood deficiency combined with cold results in cyan-white. Datiegu San and Zhengtiegu San are commonly used medicines. Depending on conditions such as wind-cold-heat and pollution/aversion contact, and varying seasonal cold-heat, methods should be adjusted flexibly: for heat, use Sanhuang San; for extreme heat, use Sansan San; for wind, add Qianghuo and Fangfeng; for wind-stagnation, add Muxiang; for cold-constraint, add Guizhi; for pollution contact, fumigate with aromatic medicines. For tender swollen areas, remove Baiji (Bletillae Rhizoma). When removing the plaster, check if sweat droplets appear in the pores; this indicates unblocked blood vessels, dissipated heat-toxin, shrinking red halo, cessation of pain after suppuration, reversal of adverse conditions to favorable ones, and moist, active skin and hair, leading to healthy flesh growth. As long as there is slight necrosis at the top of the du, do not use knives or scissors. If no sweat droplets form under the medicine, necrosis will surely be extensive and abundant. After suppuration, encircling applications gather scattered residual toxins, which exit with the pus; apply Bodu Gao to the wound. If pus drainage is not smooth, use Zuidu Gao. If evil flesh remains, use Jinbao Gao. After necrotic flesh is removed, encircling applications activate qi and blood, facilitating new flesh growth; apply Changrou Gao to the wound. Plaster medicines and irrigation/washing medicines work in parallel with equal efficacy. Master Guo's method: For such youdu (sores with heads), place one pill of Zhusha Beijiji Gao (Cinnabar Emergency Prepared Ointment), sized like a soybean, on the sore head, and cover it with a soft adhesive plaster; the sore will inevitably break. If the sore halo is purple-black, apply Xuandu San externally around the toxic vapor. If the sore halo is red, apply Shui Cheng Gao; the next day, use Jianjun Biyun Dingzi (Firm Biyun Pill) to open the wound; then use Jinwan Bixia Dingzi (Tight Bixia Pill) to remove bad flesh; once slightly clean, use Manwan Biyu Dingzi (Slow Biyu Pill) to generate muscle, collectively named Qingjin Dingzi. Do not limit by days; continue until bad flesh is completely removed, then apply only ointment. Wait until pus and water are exhausted and muscles are level before allowing the application of medicines to generate good muscle and close the wound. Following this method avoids the suffering of knives, scissors, needles, and cauterization. For wutou yongzhong (abscesses without heads), wait until pus forms, puncture with a needle, and then follow this method to achieve success.