\r京三棱\pd191A.bmp\r
味苦，平，无毒。主老癖症瘕结块。俗传昔人患症癖死，遗言令开腹取之。得病块
干硬如石，纹理有五色，人谓异物，窃取削成刀柄，后因以刀刈三棱，柄消成水，乃知此可
疗
症癖也。黄色体重，状若鲫鱼而小。又有黑三棱，状似乌梅而稍大，有须相连蔓延，体轻
。为疗体并同。（今附）
臣禹锡等谨按日华子云∶味甘、涩，凉。治妇人血脉不调，心腹痛，落胎，消恶血，补
劳
，通月经治气胀，消扑损瘀血，产后腹痛，血晕并宿血不下。
图经曰∶京三棱，旧不着所出地土，今河陕、江、淮、荆襄间皆有之。春生苗，高三、
四尺
，
似茭蒲叶皆三棱。五、六月开花，似莎草，黄紫色。霜降后采根，削去皮、须，黄色，微苦
，以如小鲫鱼状体重者佳。多生浅水旁，或陂泽中。其根初生成块，如附子大，或有扁者。
旁生一根，又成块，亦出苗，
其不出苗，只生细根者，谓之鸡爪三棱。又不生细根者，谓之黑三棱，大小不常，其色黑，
去皮即白，河中府又有石三
棱，根黄白色，形如钗股，叶绿色，
如蒲，苗高及尺，叶上亦有三棱，四月开花，白色，如红蓼花。五月采根。亦消积气。下品
别有草三棱条，云生蜀地，即鸡瓜三棱也。其实一类，故附见于此。一说，三棱生荆楚，字
当作荆，以着其地。《本经》作京，非也。今世都不复有。三棱所用皆淮南红蒲根也。泰州
尤多，举世皆用之。虽太医不以为谬。盖流习既久，用根者不识其苗，采药者莫究其用，因
缘差失，不复更辨。今三棱，荆襄、江淮水泽之间皆有。叶如莎草，极长，茎三棱如削，大
如人指，高五、六尺，茎端开花。大体皆如莎草而大，生水际及浅水中。苗下即魁，其旁有
根横贯，一根则连数魁，魁上发苗。采时断其苗及横根，形扁长如鲫鱼者，三棱也。根末将
尽，一魁未发苗，小圆如乌梅者，黑三棱也。又根之端钩屈如爪者，为鸡爪三棱。皆皮黑肌
白而至轻。三者本一物，但力有刚柔，各适其用。因其形为名，如乌头、乌喙，云母、云华
之类，本非两物也。今人乃妄以凫茨、香附子为之。又本草谓京三棱，形如鲫鱼，黑三棱如
乌梅而轻。今红蒲根至坚，重刻削而成，莫如形体。又叶扁茎圆，不复有三棱处，不知何缘
名三棱也。今三棱皆独旁引
二根，无直下根。其形大体多亦如鲫鱼。
陈藏器云∶《本经》无传三棱，总有三、四种，但取根似乌梅，有须相连蔓如 ，作漆
色，蜀人织为器。一名 者是
也。外台秘要∶治症瘕及主鼓胀满。以三棱草切一石，水五石，煮一石
汁，铜器中重釜煎如稠糖，
出纳密器中，旦服一匕，酒一盏服之，日二，
三个，以水二碗，煎取一碗，
洗奶，取汁为度，
每日取一枣大，与小
得，作粥与痫热食之。治小儿十岁以下及新生百日无问痫热无辜、 癖等，皆理之，秘
可具言，大效。
味苦，性平，无毒。主治陈年积块、症瘕（腹内结块）等病症。民间传说过去有人因患症癖而死，临终嘱咐家人剖开腹部取出病块。取出的病块干硬如石头，纹理呈现五色，人们认为是异物，便窃取下来削制成刀柄，后来用这把刀割三棱草时，刀柄竟融化成水，这才知道这种药可以治疗症癖。黄色且质地沉重的，形状像鲫鱼但较小。还有一种黑三棱，形状像乌梅但稍大，有须根相连蔓延，质地较轻。两者的疗效相同。（今附）
臣禹锡等人谨按：日华子说：味甘、涩，性凉。治疗妇女血脉不调，心腹痛，堕胎，消除恶血，补虚劳，通调月经，治疗气胀，消除跌打损伤后的瘀血，产后腹痛，血晕及宿血不下。
《图经》说：京三棱，旧籍未记载其产地，如今在河陕、江淮、荆襄等地都有生长。春天生苗，高三四尺，叶子像茭蒲叶，都有三个棱。五六月开花，像莎草，呈黄紫色。霜降后采挖根部，削去外皮和须根，呈黄色，味微苦，以形状像小鲫鱼且质地沉重的为佳。多生长在浅水边或池塘沼泽中。其根初生成块状，大小如附子，有的呈扁平状。旁边长出一根，又结成块，也长出苗；如果不长苗，只生出细根的，称为鸡爪三棱。又不生细根的，称为黑三棱，大小不定，颜色黑，去皮后变白。河中府还有石三棱，根呈黄白色，形状像发钗股，叶绿色，像蒲草，苗高一尺左右，叶上也有三棱，四月开花，白色，像红蓼花。五月采根。也能消除积气。下品另有草三棱条，说生于蜀地，就是鸡爪三棱。其实是一类东西，所以附记在这里。另一种说法是，三棱产于荆楚，字应当写作“荆”，以标明产地。《本经》写作“京”，是不对的。现在世上都不再有了。现在所用的三棱都是淮南的红蒲根。泰州尤其多，举世都用它。即使是太医也不认为有误。大概因为流传习用已久，用根的人不认识它的苗，采药的人不探究它的用途，因此产生差错失误，不再加以辨别。现在的三棱，荆襄、江淮水泽之间都有。叶子像莎草，极长，茎有三个棱像被削过一样，粗如人手指，高五六尺，茎端开花。大体都像莎草但较大，生长在水边及浅水中。苗下即为主块，旁边有根横向贯穿，一根则连接多个主块，主块上发出新苗。采收时切断苗及横根，形状扁长像鲫鱼的，是三棱。根末将近耗尽，一个主块还未发苗，小而圆像乌梅的，是黑三棱。又是根的末端弯曲如爪的，为鸡爪三棱。这三种都皮黑肉白而且很轻。三者本是同一物，只是药力有刚柔之分，各适合其用途。因其形状命名，就像乌头、乌喙，云母、云华之类，本来不是两种东西。现在的人却错误地把凫茨、香附子当作三棱。又本草说京三棱形状像鲫鱼，黑三棱像乌梅而轻。现在红蒲根非常坚硬沉重，刻削成形，没有原来的形体。而且叶扁茎圆，不再有棱的地方，不知道凭什么叫三棱。现在的三棱都是单独旁生两根，没有直下的根。其形状大体也多像鲫鱼。
陈藏器说：《本经》没有传述三棱，总共有三四种，只要选取根像乌梅，有须根相连蔓延如漆色，蜀人用来编织器具。一名XX的就是。《外台秘要》：治疗症瘕及主治鼓胀满。用三棱草切一石，水五石，煮成一石汁，在铜器中隔水煎煮如稠糖，装入密封容器中，早晨服一方寸匕，配酒一盏服用，每日两次，三个月见效。用水两碗，煎取一碗，清洗乳房，取汁为度，每天取枣大一团，给小儿吃，做成粥与痫热食物一起吃。治疗十岁以下及新生百日不问痫热无辜、症癖等，都能调理，秘密之处可详细言说，效果极大。
Jing Sanleng (Rhizoma Sparganii)
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Neutral. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats old accumulations, masses, and fixed lumps (Zheng Jia - abdominal masses). Folklore recounts that in the past, someone died from Zheng Pi (abdominal mass), leaving instructions to open the abdomen to remove it. The extracted mass was dry and hard as stone, with textures showing five colors. People considered it a foreign object, stole it, and carved it into a knife handle. Later, when using this knife to cut Sanleng plants, the handle melted into water. Thus, it was realized that this herb could treat Zheng Pi. Those that are yellow and heavy in weight resemble small carp. There is also Hei Sanleng (Black Sanleng), which resembles Wumei (Dark Plum) but is slightly larger, with connected rhizomes spreading out, and is lighter in weight. Their therapeutic effects are identical. (Currently attached)
Minister Yuxi et al. respectfully note: Rihua Zi states: Taste: Sweet, Astringent. Nature: Cool. Treats irregular blood vessels in women, heart and abdominal pain, induces abortion, eliminates evil blood, tonifies deficiency fatigue, regulates menstruation, treats Qi distension, eliminates stasis from traumatic injuries, postpartum abdominal pain, blood vertigo, and retained lochia.
Tu Jing (Illustrated Classic of Materia Medica) states: Jing Sanleng, its origin was not recorded in older texts. Now it grows in Heshan, Jianghuai, and Jingxiang regions. Sprouts in spring, three to four chi high. Leaves resemble Jiaopu leaves, all having three edges. Flowers in May and June, resembling Cyperus grass, yellow-purple in color. Roots are harvested after Frost Descent, peeled of skin and fibrous roots, yellow in color, slightly bitter. Those resembling small carp and heavy in weight are preferred. It mostly grows by shallow waters or in marshes. The root initially forms clumps, size similar to Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root), some being flat. A side root grows and forms another clump, also sprouting; if no sprout emerges but only fine roots grow, it is called Jizhao Sanleng (Chicken-Claw Sanleng). If no fine roots grow, it is called Hei Sanleng (Black Sanleng), varying in size, black in color, turning white when peeled. In Hezhong Prefecture, there is also Shisanleng (Stone Sanleng), with yellow-white roots shaped like hairpin shafts, green leaves resembling rushes, shoots about one chi high, leaves also having three edges, flowering white in April like Polygonum orientale flowers. Roots harvested in May. Also resolves accumulated Qi. The Lower Grade section has another entry for Caosanleng, stating it grows in Shu, which is Jigu Sanleng. They are essentially the same category, hence attached here. Another theory suggests Sanleng grows in Jingchu, so the character should be "Jing" (Thorn/Jing) to indicate location. "Jing" (Capital) in Benjing is incorrect. It is no longer found in the world today. The Sanleng used now is the root of Hongpu (Red Rush) from Huainan. Taizhou produces the most, and the whole world uses it. Even Imperial Physicians do not consider this an error. Probably because usage has been long-established, those using the root do not recognize its shoot, and collectors do not investigate its use, leading to errors that are no longer distinguished. Current Sanleng grows in Jingxiang and Jianghuai water marshes. Leaves resemble Cyperus grass, very long. Stem has three edges as if shaved, thick as a human finger, five to six chi high, flowering at the stem tip. Generally similar to Cyperus but larger, growing at water edges and in shallow water. Below the shoot is the main tuber, with horizontal roots connecting several tubers. One root connects multiple tubers, from which new shoots emerge. During harvest, cutting the shoot and horizontal root yields pieces flat and long like carp, which is Sanleng. When the root end is nearly exhausted, a single un-sprouted tuber is small and round like Wumei, which is Hei Sanleng. The hooked end of the root resembling a claw is Jizhao Sanleng. All three have black skin, white flesh, and are light. These three are originally one substance, differing only in the strength of their action (rigid vs. gentle), each suitable for specific uses. Named after shape, like Wutou/Wuhui, Yunmu/Yunhua, which are not two different things. Nowadays, people wrongly use Fuci (Nymphoides peltata tuber) and Xiangfuzi (Cyperi Rhizoma) as Sanleng. Another materia medica states Jing Sanleng resembles carp, Hei Sanleng resembles Wumei and is light. However, current Hongpu root is extremely hard and heavy, difficult to carve, lacking the original form. Moreover, leaves are flat and stems round, without edges, making one wonder why it is named Sanleng. Current Sanleng has two side roots growing independently, no straight downward roots. Shape generally resembles carp.
Chen Cangqi states: Benjing does not transmit information on Sanleng. There are generally three or four types. Select roots resembling Wumei, with connected creeping rhizomes, lacquer-colored, used by Shu people to weave vessels. One name is XX. Waitai Miyao: Treats Zhengjia and distension/fullness due to drum-like swelling. Cut one dan of Sanleng grass, add five shi of water, boil down to one shi of liquid. Decoct again in a copper vessel until thick like syrup. Store in a sealed container. Take one bi (measure) in the morning, taken with one cup of wine. Twice daily. After three months, effective. Use two bowls of water, decoct to one bowl. Wash breasts, take juice as needed. Daily take a date-sized amount, give to children, make into porridge and eat with food for epilepsy/fever. Treats children under ten years old and newborns within 100 days, regardless of epilepsy, fever, innocent disease, or Zhengpi. All can be regulated. Secrets can be fully explained. Highly effective.