\r牡丹\pd191.bmp\r
味辛、苦，寒、微寒，无毒。主寒热，中风螈（音契） （音纵），痉、惊痫邪气，除
症
坚，瘀血留舍肠胃，安五脏，疗痈疮，除时气，头痛，客热，五劳，劳气，头、腰痛，风噤
。癫疾。一名鹿韭，一名鼠姑。生巴郡山谷及汉中。二月、八月采根，阴干。（畏菟丝子。）
陶隐居云∶今东间亦有。色赤者为好，用之去心。按∶鼠妇亦名鼠姑，而此又同，殆非
其类
，恐字误。唐本注云∶牡丹，生汉中。剑南所出者苗似羊桃，夏生白花，秋实圆绿，冬实赤
色，凌冬不凋。根似芍药，肉白皮丹。出江、剑南，土人谓之牡丹，亦名百两金，京下谓之
吴牡丹者，是真也。今俗用者异于此，别有臊气也。臣禹锡等谨按药性论∶牡丹，能治冷
气
，散诸痛，治女子经脉不通，血沥腰疼。萧炳云∶今出合州者佳。白者补，赤者利。出和州
、宣州者并良。日华子云∶除邪气，悦色，通关腠血脉，排脓，通月经，消扑损瘀血，续筋
骨，除风痹，落胎下胞，产后一切女人冷热血气。此便是牡丹花根。巴、蜀、渝、合州者上
，海盐者次。服忌蒜。
图经曰∶牡丹，生巴郡山谷及汉中，今丹、延、青、越、滁、和州山中皆有之。花有黄、
紫
、
红、白数色，此当是山牡丹。其茎便枯燥，黑白色，二月于梗上生苗叶，三月开花。其花、
叶与人家所种者相似，但花只五、六叶耳。五月结子黑色，如鸡头子大。根黄白色，可五、
七寸长，如笔管大。二月、八月采，铜刀劈去骨，阴干用。此花一名木芍药。近世人多贵重
。圃人欲其花诡异，皆秋冬移接，培以壤土，至春盛开，其状百变。故其根性殊失本真，药
中不可用此品，绝无力也。牡丹主血，乃去瘀滞。《正元广利方》∶疗因伤损血瘀不散者，
取牡丹皮八分，合虻虫二十一枚，熬过同捣筛，每旦温酒和散方寸匕服，血当化为水下。
雷公云∶凡使，采得后日干，用铜刀劈破去骨了，细锉如大豆许，用清酒拌蒸，从巳至
未，
出
，日干用，外台秘要∶治蛊毒方∶取牡丹根捣为末，服一钱匕，日三服，良。肘后方∶下部
生疮已决洞者。服牡丹方寸匕，日三服。
衍义曰∶牡丹，用其根上皮。花亦有绯者，如西洛潜溪绯是也。今禁苑又有深碧色者。
唯山
中
单叶花红者为佳，家 子次之。若移枝接者不堪用，为其花叶既多发，夺根之气也。何以知
之？今千叶牡丹，初春留花稍多，来年花枝并叶便瘦。多是开不成。市人或以枝梗皮售于人
，其乖殊甚。
味辛、苦，性寒、微寒，无毒。主治寒热往来，中风引起的抽搐（音契）和肢体纵缓（音纵），痉挛，惊悸癫痫等邪气，消除体内积块坚硬，祛除停留在肠胃的瘀血，安定五脏，治疗痈疮，去除时行热病，头痛，客热，五劳，劳气，头腰痛，风邪导致的牙关紧闭，癫疾。又名鹿韭，又名鼠姑。产于巴郡山谷及汉中地区。二月、八月采集根部，阴干。（忌与菟丝子同用。）
陶隐居说：如今东方也有。颜色赤红的为好，使用时需去掉心部。按：鼠妇也名叫鼠姑，而此处名称相同，大概不是同一类植物，恐怕是文字错误。《唐本草》注解说：牡丹，产于汉中。剑南出产的牡丹苗像羊桃，夏天开白花，秋天结圆形的绿色果实，冬天结红色的果实，过冬不凋谢。根像芍药，肉质白色外皮红色。出自江州、剑南，当地人称为牡丹，也叫百两金，京城附近称为吴牡丹的，才是真品。现在市面上使用的与此不同，另外有臊腥味。臣禹锡等人谨按《药性论》记载：牡丹，能治疗冷气，消散各种疼痛，治疗女子经脉不通，血沥腰疼。萧炳说：如今合州出产的最好。白色的具有补益作用，红色的具有通利作用。出自和州、宣州的也都很好。日华子说：排除邪气，使面色红润，开通腠理血脉，排脓，通月经，消除跌打损伤后的瘀血，接续筋骨，去除风痹，堕胎下胞，产后妇女一切冷热血气病症。这就是牡丹花根。巴、蜀、渝、合州出产的质量上乘，海盐出产的质量次之。服用时忌食大蒜。
《图经》说：牡丹，产于巴郡山谷及汉中，如今丹州、延州、青州、越州、滁州、和州的山中都有生长。花朵有黄、紫、红、白几种颜色，这应当是山牡丹。其茎容易干枯，呈黑白色，二月在梗上生出苗叶，三月开花。它的花、叶与人家种植的相似，只是花只有五六片花瓣。五月结黑色种子，像鸡头子大小。根黄白色，可长达五、七寸，像笔管粗细。二月、八月采集，用铜刀劈去木质部（骨），阴干使用。这种花又名木芍药。近代人多珍视它。种花的人希望花朵奇异，都在秋冬时节移栽嫁接，用壤土培护，到春天盛开，形状千变万化。所以它的根部性质完全失去了本真，药用的不可用这种品种，完全没有效力。牡丹主要作用于血分，是去除瘀滞的药物。《正元广利方》：治疗因伤损导致血瘀不散者，取牡丹皮八分，配合虻虫二十一枚，炒过后一起捣碎筛粉，每天早晨用温酒送服一方寸匕的药散，血液应当化为水液排出。
雷公说：凡是使用，采集后晒干，用铜刀劈破去掉木质部，细锉成大豆大小，用清酒拌蒸，从巳时到未时，取出，晒干使用。《外台秘要》：治疗蛊毒方：取牡丹根捣为末，服一方寸匕，每日三次，效果良好。《肘后方》：下部生疮已经溃烂穿洞者。服用牡丹一方寸匕，每日三次。
《衍义》说：牡丹，使用其根部的上皮。花也有绯红色的，如西洛潜溪绯就是这类。如今禁苑中又有深碧色的。只有山中单叶红花的是佳品，家种的次之。如果是移栽嫁接的则不堪使用，因为花叶过多，会掠夺根部的元气。怎么知道呢？如今千叶牡丹，初春保留花朵稍多，来年花枝和叶子就会瘦弱。大多开不成花。市井之人有时将枝条梗皮卖给他人，这种做法乖谬殊甚。
Mudan (Paeonia Suffruticosa)
Acrid, bitter, cold, slightly cold, non-toxic. Mainly treats alternating chills and fever, convulsions (sound: qi) and flaccidity (sound: zong) caused by wind-stroke, spasms, fright, epilepsy, and pathogenic factors; eliminates hard accumulations; removes blood stasis retained in the intestines and stomach; calms the five Zang organs; treats carbuncles and sores; removes epidemic heat, headache, external heat, five exhaustions, Qi exhaustion, head and waist pain, wind-induced lockjaw, and manic disorders. Also known as Lujiu (Deer Leek), also known as Shugu (Mouse Cabbage). Grows in the valleys of Ba Commandery and Hanzhong. Roots are harvested in the second and eighth lunar months and dried in the shade. (Avoid using with Cuscutae Semen [Tusizi].)
Tao Hongjing stated: It is now also found in the eastern regions. Those with red color are superior; when used, the heart must be removed. Note: Shufu (Armadillidium vulgare) is also named Shugu, and since this name is identical here, it is likely not the same species; there may be a textual error. The commentary in *Xinxiu Bencao* states: Mudan grows in Hanzhong. Those from Jiannan have seedlings resembling Actinidia polygama (Yangtao); they bear white flowers in summer, round green fruits in autumn, and red fruits in winter, remaining evergreen through winter. The root resembles Paeoniae Radix Alba (Shaoyao), with white flesh and red bark. Produced in Jiangzhou and Jiannan, locals call it Mudan, also named Bailiangjin. Those called Wumudan near the capital are the authentic variety. The varieties currently used in common practice differ from this and possess a distinct fishy odor. Ministers Yuxi et al., according to *Yaoxing Lun*, state: Mudan can treat cold Qi, dissipate various pains, treat amenorrhea in women, blood stasis causing lower back pain. Xiao Bing stated: Those from Hezhou are best. White ones have tonifying properties, red ones have draining properties. Those from Hezhou and Xuanzhou are also good. Rihua Zi stated: Eliminates pathogenic factors, promotes luster of complexion, opens interstices and blood vessels, expels pus, regulates menstruation, resolves traumatic blood stasis, reconnects sinews and bones, eliminates wind-bi, induces abortion and expulsion of the placenta, and treats all cold and hot blood-Qi conditions in postpartum women. This refers to the root of the Mudan flower. Those from Ba, Shu, Yu, and Hezhou are superior; those from Haiyan are inferior. Avoid garlic during administration.
*Tujing* states: Mudan grows in the valleys of Ba Commandery and Hanzhong; it is now found in the mountains of Danzhou, Yanzhou, Qingzhou, Yuezhou, Chuzhou, and Hezhou. Flowers come in yellow, purple, red, and white colors; these are likely wild Mudan. The stems become dry and brittle, appearing black or white. Seedlings and leaves emerge on the stems in the second lunar month, and flowers bloom in the third month. The flowers and leaves resemble those cultivated by households, but the flowers typically have only five or six petals. Black seeds form in the fifth lunar month, sized like chicken heads. The roots are yellowish-white, up to five or seven cun long, and as thick as a brush handle. Harvested in the second and eighth lunar months, split with a copper knife to remove the woody core (bone), and dried in the shade for use. This flower is also named Muxiaoyao (Wood Peony). In recent times, people have valued it highly. Gardeners wishing for unusual flowers transplant and graft them in autumn and winter, cultivating them in loam so they bloom profusely in spring with varied shapes. Consequently, the nature of their roots completely loses its original authenticity; such varieties cannot be used medicinally as they lack efficacy. Mudan primarily acts on the blood level to remove stasis. *Zhengyuan Guangli Fang*: For treating blood stasis due to trauma that does not dissipate, take 8 fen of Mudan Pi (Moutan Cortex), combine with 21 Melophagus Ovinus (Mengchong), stir-fry until done, pound together and sift into powder. Take one fangcun bi of the powder with warm wine every morning; the blood should transform into water and discharge.
Leigong stated: When preparing, harvest and sun-dry, split with a copper knife to remove the woody core, finely chop to the size of soybeans, mix with clear rice wine, steam from Si hour to Wei hour, remove, and sun-dry for use. *Waitai Miyao*: Formula for treating Gu poison: Take Mudan root, pound into powder, take one fangcun bi, three times daily, effective. *Zhouhou Beiji Fang*: For sores in the lower body that have ulcerated and perforated: Take one fangcun bi of Mudan, three times daily.
*Yanyi* stated: Use the outer bark of the Mudan root. There are also crimson flowers, such as Qianxi Fei from Xiluo. The imperial garden also has deep green varieties. Only single-petal red flowers from the mountains are considered excellent; cultivated ones are inferior. Grafted or transplanted branches are unusable because excessive flowering and leafing depletes the Qi of the root. How do we know this? In the case of double-flowered Mudan, if too many buds are retained in early spring, the floral branches and leaves will be weak the following year, often failing to bloom properly. Merchants sometimes sell branch bark, which is highly inappropriate.