\r大小蓟根\pd180.bmp\r
味甘，温，主养精保血。大蓟主女子赤白沃，安胎，止吐血，衄鼻，令人肥健。
五月采。
陶隐居云∶大蓟是虎蓟，小蓟是猫蓟，叶并多刺相似。田野甚多，方药不复用，是贱之
故。
猫
蓟也。大蓟生山谷，根疗痈肿，小蓟生平泽，俱能破血，小蓟不能消肿也。今按陈藏器本草
云∶小蓟破宿血，止新血，暴下血，血痢，金疮出血，呕血等，绞取汁温服。作煎和糖，合
金疮，及蜘蛛、蛇、蝎毒，服之亦佳。臣禹锡等谨按药性论云∶大蓟亦可单用，味苦，平
。
止崩中血下。生取根捣绞汁，服半升许，多立定。日华子云∶小蓟根，凉，无毒。治热毒风
，并胸膈烦闷，开胃下食，退热，补虚损。苗，去烦热，生研汁服。小蓟力微，只可退热，
不似大蓟能补养下气。又云
大蓟叶，凉。治肠痈，腹脏瘀血，血晕，扑损，可生研，酒并小便任服。恶疮疥癣，盐研
敷。又名刺蓟、山牛蒡。
图经曰∶小蓟根，《本经》不着所出州土，今处处有之。俗名青刺蓟。苗高尺余，叶多
刺，心中出花头，如红蓝花而
青紫色，北人呼为千针草。当二月苗初生二、三寸时，并根作茹，食之甚美。四月采苗，九
月采根，并阴干入药，亦生
捣根绞汁饮。以止吐血，衄血，下血，皆验。大蓟根，苗与此相似，但肥大耳。而功力有殊，
破血之外，亦疗痈肿。小
蓟专主血疾。
陈藏器云∶蓟门以蓟为名，北方者胜也。食疗云小蓟根，主养气。取生根、叶，捣取自
然汁，服一盏立佳。又，取
叶煮食之，除风热。根主崩中。又，女子月候伤过，捣汁半升服之。金
夏月热，烦闷不止，捣叶
取汁半升，服之立瘥。圣惠方∶治心热吐血，口干。用刺蓟叶及根，捣绞取汁。每服一小盏，
顿服。又方∶乳石发动，
壅热心闷，吐血。以
下通。小蓟一把，水二
煮取一升，去滓分服。曾有人阴冷，渐渐冷气入阴囊，肿满恐死，夜疼闷不得眠。煮大蓟根
汁服，立瘥。梅师方∶治卒
吐血及泻鲜血。取小蓟叶捣绞取汁，温服。简要济众治九窍出血。以刺蓟一握绞取汁，以酒
半盏调和，顿服之。如
汁，只捣干者为末，冷水调三钱匕。又方∶治小儿浸淫疮，疼痛不可忍，发寒热。刺蓟末，
新水调敷疮上，干即易之。
衍义曰∶大、小蓟，皆相似，花如髻。但大蓟高三、四尺，叶皱。小蓟高一尺许，叶不
皱，
以此为异。小蓟，山野人取为蔬，甚适用。虽有微芒，亦不能害人。
大小蓟根
味甘，性温，主要功效为滋养精气、保护血液。大蓟主要用于治疗妇女赤白带下，安胎，止吐血、鼻衄，使人身体肥壮强健。
五月采集。
陶隐居说：大蓟是虎蓟，小蓟是猫蓟，两者的叶子都多刺且相似。田野中非常多见，因为被视为低贱之物，所以方药中不再使用。
这是猫蓟。大蓟生长在山谷中，其根部能治疗痈肿；小蓟生长在平野沼泽，两者都能破血，但小蓟不能消肿。现在考察陈藏器的《本草》记载：小蓟能破除陈旧之血，止住新出血，治疗暴发性下血、血痢、金创出血、呕血等，绞取汁液温服。制成煎剂加糖，用于处理金创，以及蜘蛛、蛇、蝎毒，服用效果也很好。臣禹锡等人谨按《药性论》记载：大蓟也可以单用，味苦，性平。能止崩漏下血。生取根部捣碎绞汁，服用约半升，很快就能止血。日华子说：小蓟根，性凉，无毒。治疗热毒风邪，以及胸膈烦闷，开胃进食，退热，补益虚损。苗叶，能去除烦热，生研汁液服用。小蓟药力微弱，只能退热，不像大蓟能补养下气。又说：大蓟叶，性凉。治疗肠痈，腹脏瘀血，血晕，跌打损伤，可以生研，用酒或小便送服均可。恶疮疥癣，用盐研磨后外敷。又名刺蓟、山牛蒡。
《图经》说：小蓟根，《本经》未注明出产州土，如今到处都有。俗名青刺蓟。苗高一尺多，叶子多刺，中心长出花头，像红蓝花但呈青紫色，北方人称为千针草。在二月苗刚长到二、三寸时，连同根部一起作为蔬菜食用，味道很美。四月采集苗，九月采集根，都要阴干入药，也可以生捣根部绞汁饮用。用来治疗吐血、衄血、下血，都有验证。大蓟根，苗与此相似，只是更肥大罢了。而功效有所不同，除了破血之外，也能治疗痈肿。小蓟专门主治血疾。
陈藏器说：蓟门以蓟为名，北方的蓟品质更好。《食疗》说小蓟根，主要滋养气。取生根、叶，捣碎取自然汁，服用一盏立刻见效。另外，取叶煮食，能除风热。根主治崩中。另外，女子月经受伤过多，捣汁半升服用。夏季炎热，烦闷不止，捣叶取汁半升，服用后立即痊愈。《圣惠方》：治疗心热吐血，口干。用刺蓟叶及根，捣绞取汁。每次服用一小盏，一次性服下。又一方：乳石发动，壅热心闷，吐血。用小蓟一把，水二升，煮取一升，去渣分次服用。曾有人阴部寒冷，渐渐冷气进入阴囊，肿胀满痛恐将死亡，夜间疼痛闷乱无法入睡。煮大蓟根汁服用，立即痊愈。《梅师方》：治疗突然吐血及泻鲜血。取小蓟叶捣绞取汁，温服。《简要济众方》治疗九窍出血。用刺蓟一握绞取汁，用酒半盏调和，一次性服下。如果没有新鲜汁液，只捣干品为末，冷水调服三钱匕。又一方：治疗小儿浸淫疮，疼痛不可忍受，发寒热。刺蓟末，新水调敷疮上，干了就更换。
《衍义》说：大蓟、小蓟，都很相似，花像发髻。只是大蓟高三、四尺，叶子皱缩。小蓟高一尺左右，叶子不皱，以此作为区别。小蓟，山野之人取来作为蔬菜，非常适用。虽然有微芒，也不能害人。
Radix Cirsii Japonici et Cirsii Setosi
The flavor is sweet, and the nature is warm. It primarily nourishes essence (Jing) and protects blood. Radix Cirsii Japonici (Da Ji) mainly treats leukorrhea (red and white discharge) in women, calms the fetus, stops hematemesis (vomiting blood) and epistaxis (nosebleed), and makes the body robust and healthy.
Collected in May.
Tao Hongjing stated: Radix Cirsii Japonici (Da Ji) is Hu Ji (Tiger Thistle), while Radix Cirsii Setosi (Xiao Ji) is Mao Ji (Cat Thistle). Their leaves are both thorny and similar. They are abundant in fields and countryside; due to being considered lowly, they are no longer used in prescriptions.
This refers to Mao Ji (Cat Thistle). Radix Cirsii Japonici grows in mountains and valleys, and its root treats carbuncles and swellings. Radix Cirsii Setosi grows in plains and marshes; both can break blood stasis, but Radix Cirsii Setosi cannot reduce swelling. According to Chen Cangqi's *Bencao*: Radix Cirsii Setosi breaks old blood and stops new bleeding, treating sudden lower gastrointestinal bleeding, bloody dysentery, traumatic bleeding, and hematemesis. Juice extracted by crushing should be taken warm. Prepared as a decoction with sugar, it is also effective for traumatic injuries and bites from spiders, snakes, and scorpions. Ministers Yuxi et al., according to *Yaoxing Lun*, noted that Radix Cirsii Japonici can also be used alone; its flavor is bitter and nature is neutral. It stops metrorrhagia (uterine bleeding). Fresh roots crushed and juiced, approximately half a sheng taken, stops bleeding quickly. Ri Huazi stated: Radix Cirsii Setosi is cool and non-toxic. It treats wind-heat toxicity, chest and diaphragm irritability, promotes appetite, clears heat, and tonifies deficiency. The herb (shoots) removes irritability and heat; fresh juice taken is effective. Radix Cirsii Setosi has weak efficacy, only clearing heat, unlike Radix Cirsii Japonici which can tonify and direct Qi downward. Additionally: Leaves of Radix Cirsii Japonici are cool. They treat intestinal abscesses, blood stasis in abdominal organs, syncope due to blood loss, and traumatic injuries. They can be crushed raw and taken with wine or urine. For malignant sores and tinea, apply salt-crushed powder externally. Also known as Ci Ji (Thistle) and Shan Niu Bang.
*Tu Jing* states: Radix Cirsii Setosi is not listed with specific origins in *Ben Jing*, but is found everywhere. Commonly called Qing Ci Ji. The shoots are over one chi high, with thorny leaves. Flowers emerge from the center, resembling Carthamus tinctorius flowers but greenish-purple. In the north, it is called Qian Zhen Cao (Thousand-Needle Grass). When shoots are two to three cun long in February, harvested with roots and cooked as vegetables, they are delicious. Shoots collected in April, roots in September, dried in shade for medicinal use, or fresh roots crushed for juice. Effective for hematemesis, epistaxis, and lower bleeding. Radix Cirsii Japonici has similar shoots but is larger. Its efficacy differs; besides breaking blood, it treats carbuncles. Radix Cirsii Setosi specifically treats blood disorders.
Chen Cangqi said: Jimen (Thistle Gate) is named after thistles, and those from the North are superior. *Shi Liao* states Radix Cirsii Setosi nourishes Qi. Fresh roots and leaves crushed for juice, one cup taken yields immediate results. Boiling and eating leaves dispels wind-heat. Roots treat metrorrhagia. For excessive menstrual bleeding in women, half a sheng of juice is taken. In summer heat with persistent irritability, half a sheng of leaf juice brings recovery. *Shenghui Fang*: Treats heart-heat hematemesis and dry mouth. Use leaves and roots of Ci Ji, crush and extract juice. Take one small cup at once. Another prescription: For activation of mineral drugs causing heat oppression and chest stuffiness with hematemesis. Take one bunch of Xiao Ji, boil in two shengs of water to obtain one sheng, strain and divide doses. A case involved coldness in the yin region, gradually entering the scrotum causing swelling and fear of death, with night pain preventing sleep. Drinking boiled Radix Cirsii Japonici root juice brought immediate recovery. *Meishi Fang*: Treats sudden hematemesis and bloody diarrhea. Crush and extract juice from Xiao Ji leaves, take warm. *Jianyao Jizhong Fang* treats bleeding from nine orifices. Crush one handful of Ci Ji, mix with half a cup of wine, take at once. If fresh juice is unavailable, dry powder mixed with cold water (three qian bi) is used. Another prescription: Treats impetigo in children with unbearable pain and fever/chills. Apply Ci Ji powder mixed with fresh water to the sore, changing when dry.
*Yanyi* states: Da Ji and Xiao Ji are similar, with flower heads resembling hair buns. Da Ji is three to four chi high with wrinkled leaves. Xiao Ji is about one chi high with smooth leaves, which distinguishes them. Xiao Ji is used as a vegetable by rural people and is very practical. Although it has slight thorns, it does not harm humans.