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味苦、咸，寒，无毒。主瘿瘤气，颈下核，破散结气，痈肿，症瘕坚气，腹中上下鸣
，下十二水肿，疗皮间积聚，暴溃，留气热结，利小便。一名落首，一名 。生东海池泽。
七月七日采，曝干。（反甘草。）
陶隐居云∶生海岛上，黑色如乱发而大少许，叶大都似藻叶。又有石帆，状如柏，疗石
淋。
又有水松，状如松，疗溪毒。今按陈藏器本草云∶此物有马尾者，大而有叶者。《本经》
及
注，海藻功状不分。马尾藻，生浅水，如短马尾，细黑色，用之当浸去咸。大叶藻，生深海
中及新罗，叶如水藻而大。《本经》云∶主结气瘿瘤是也。尔雅云∶纶（音 ）似纶，组似
组
，正为二藻也。海人取大叶藻，正在深海底，以绳系腰没水下刈得，旋系绳上。五月以后，
当有大鱼伤人，不可取也。臣禹锡等谨按尔雅云∶ ，海藻。注∶药草也。一名海萝。如
乱
发，生海中。药性论云∶海藻，臣，味咸，有小毒。主辟百邪鬼魅，治气疾急满，疗疝气下
坠疼痛，核肿，去腹中雷鸣，幽幽作声。孟诜云∶海藻，主起男子阴气，常食之，消男子溃
疾。南方人多食之，传于北人，北人食之倍生诸病，更不宜矣。陈藏器云∶马藻，大寒。
敷小儿赤白游，疹火焱热疮。捣绞汁服，去暴热，热痢，止渴。生水上，如马齿相连。
又云石帆，高尺余，根如
漆，上渐软，作交罗纹，生海底。煮汁服，主妇人血结，月闭，石淋。又
丰茸食之，主水肿，亦生海
底。《吴都赋》云∶石帆，水松是也。日华子云∶石帆，平，无毒。紫色，梗大者如箸，见
风渐硬，色如漆。多人饰作珊
瑚装。
图经曰∶海藻，生东海池泽，今出登、莱诸州海中。凡水中皆有藻。《周南诗》云∶于
以采
藻
，于沼于 是也。陆机云∶藻，水草，生水底。有二种∶一种叶如鸡苏，茎如箸，长四、五
尺。一种茎如钗股，叶如蓬蒿，谓之聚藻，扶风人谓之藻聚，为发声也。二藻皆可食，熟挪
其腥气，米面糁蒸为茹，甚佳美。荆、扬人饥荒，以当谷食。今谓海藻者，乃是海中所生，
根着水底石上，黑色如乱发，而粗大少许，叶类水藻而大，谓之大叶藻。《本经》云主瘿瘤
是也。海人以绳系腰，没水下刈得之，旋系绳上。又有一种马尾藻，生浅水中，状如短马尾
，细黑色。此主水 ，下水用之。陶隐居云∶《尔雅》所谓纶似纶，组似组，东海有之。今
青苔、紫菜皆似纶，昆布亦似组，恐即是此也。而陈藏器乃谓纶、组，正谓此二藻也。谨按
《本经》海藻，一名 。而《尔雅》谓 为石衣，又谓 （徒南切）名海
（与藻同），是海藻自有此二名，而注释皆以为药草，谓纶、组乃别草。若然隐居所云，似
近
之藏器之说，亦未可的据。又注∶释以石衣为水苔，一名石发，石发即陟厘也，色类似苔而
粗
涩为异。又云 叶似 （音薤）而大，生海底。且陟厘下自有条，味性功用与海藻全别。又
生
江南池泽，乃是水中青苔，古人用以为纸，亦青黄色，今注以为石发是也。然则 与 皆是
海藻之名。石发别是一类，无疑也。昆布，今亦出登、莱诸州，功用乃与海藻相近也。陶
又云∶凡海中
菜，皆疗瘿瘤，结气。青苔、紫菜辈亦然。又有石帆如柏，主石淋。水松如松，主溪毒。《
吴都赋》所谓草则石帆、水松。刘渊林注云∶石帆生海屿石上，草类也。无叶，高尺许，其
华离楼相贯连，死则浮水中，人于海边得之，稀有见其生者。水松，药草，生水中，出南海
交趾是也。紫菜，附石生海上，正青，取干之则紫色，南海有之。东海又有一种海带，似海
藻而粗且长，登州人取干之，柔韧可以系束物。医家用下水，速于海藻、昆布之类。石发，
今人亦干之作菜，以齑 啖之尤美。青苔，可以作脯食之，皆利人。苔之类，又有井中苔，
生废井中，并井蓝，皆主热毒。又上有垣衣条云∶生古垣墙阴。苏恭云∶即古墙北阴青苔衣
也
。生石上者名昔邪；屋上生者名屋游。大抵主疗略同。陆龟蒙《苔赋》云∶高有瓦松，卑
有
泽葵，散岩窦者曰石发，补空田者曰垣衣，在屋曰昔邪，在药曰陟厘是也。瓦松，生古瓦屋
上，
若松子作层。泽葵，凫葵也。虽曰异类，而皆感瓦石而生，故陆推类而云耳。今人罕复用之
，故但附见于此。瓦松，即下条昨叶何草也。《广志》谓之兰香。段成式云∶或言构木上多
松栽土，木气泄则生瓦松，然亦不必尔。今医家或用作女子行经络药。陟厘，古方治虚冷下
痢最要。范汪治腹中留饮有海藻丸。又有瘿酒方，用海藻一斤，绢袋盛，以清酒二升浸，春
夏二日，秋冬三日，一服两合，日三。酒尽更合饮之如前，滓曝干末服方寸匕，日三，不过
两剂，皆瘥。《广济》疗气膀胱急妨宜下气昆布 法∶高丽昆布一斤，白米泔浸一宿，洗去
咸味，以水一斗，煮令向热，擘长三寸，阔四、五分，仍取葱白一握，二寸切断，擘之，更
煮，令昆布极烂，仍下盐、酢、豉、糁调和，一根据 法，不得令咸、酸。以生姜、橘皮、椒
末等调和，宜食粱米、粳米饭。海藻亦根据此法，极下气，大效。无所忌。
海药云∶主宿食不消，五鬲痰壅，水气浮肿，香港脚，贲豚气，并良。雷公∶凡使，先须
用生
乌豆
并紫背天葵和海藻，三件同蒸一伏时，候日干用之。肘后方∶治颔下瘰 如梅李。宜速消之
。
海藻一斤，酒二升，渍数日。稍稍饮之。又方∶治颈下卒结囊欲成瘿。海藻一斤，洗去咸，
酒浸饮之。
海藻
味苦、咸，性寒，无毒。主治瘿瘤气（颈部肿块之气），颈下核状物，能破散结聚之气，治疗痈肿，症瘕坚气（腹内坚硬积块及气滞），腹部上下鸣响，消除十二种水肿，治疗皮间积聚，突然溃烂，留滞的气热结聚，通利小便。又名落首，又名[阙字]。生长于东海的池泽中。七月七日采收，晒干。（与甘草相反。）
陶隐居说：生长在海岛上，黑色像乱发但稍大一些，叶子大都像藻类叶子。又有石帆，形状像柏树，治疗石淋（泌尿系结石）。
又有水松，形状像松树，治疗溪毒（山涧水毒）。现在考察陈藏器《本草》说：这种植物有马尾状的，有大叶的。《本经》及其注释，没有区分海藻的功效形态。马尾藻，生长在浅水中，像短马尾，细黑，使用时应当浸泡去除咸味。大叶藻，生长在深海中及新罗，叶子像水藻但较大。《本经》说：主治结气瘿瘤的就是它。《尔雅》说：纶（音luán）像纶，组像组，正是指这两种藻。海人取大叶藻，正在深海底部，用绳子系腰潜入水下割取，随即系在绳上。五月以后，当有大鱼伤人，不可采集。臣禹锡等谨按《尔雅》说：[阙字]，是海藻。注：药草。又名海萝。像乱发，生长在海中。《药性论》说：海藻，属臣药，味咸，有小毒。主治辟除百邪鬼魅，治疗气疾急满，治疗疝气下坠疼痛，核肿，去除腹部雷鸣，幽幽作响。孟诜说：海藻，主治激发男子阴气，常食用，能消除男子溃疾。南方人多食用它，流传到北方人那里，北方人食用会加倍生出各种疾病，更不适宜了。陈藏器说：马藻，大寒。敷治小儿赤白游疹、火焱热疮。捣绞汁服用，去除暴热，热痢，止渴。生长在水上，像马齿相连。又说石帆，高尺余，根像漆，上部渐软，呈交错纹路，生长在海底。煮汁服用，主治妇人血结，月经闭止，石淋。又说丰茸食用，主治水肿，也生长在海底。《吴都赋》说：石帆，就是水松。日华子说：石帆，平性，无毒。紫色，梗大的像筷子，见风渐硬，色如漆。多人装饰作珊瑚装。
《图经》说：海藻，生长于东海池泽，现在出产于登、莱各州的海中。凡是水中都有藻。《周南诗》说：在哪里采藻，在沼在沚就是这样。陆机说：藻，水草，生长在水底。有两种：一种叶子像鸡苏，茎像筷子，长四、五尺。一种茎像钗股，叶子像蓬蒿，称为聚藻，扶风人称为藻聚，因为发声而得名。两种藻都可以食用，煮熟揉搓去其腥气，用米面拌蒸做蔬菜，非常美味。荆、扬地区的人在饥荒时，把它当作谷物食物。现在所说的海藻，乃是海中生长的，根附着水底石上，黑色像乱发，但粗大少许，叶子像水藻但较大，称为大叶藻。《本经》说主治瘿瘤的就是它。海人用绳子系腰，潜入水下割取，随即系在绳上。又有一种马尾藻，生长在浅水中，形状像短马尾，细黑。这主治水气，下水使用。陶隐居说：《尔雅》所说的纶像纶，组像组，东海有之。现在的青苔、紫菜都像纶，昆布也像组，恐怕就是这些。而陈藏器却认为纶、组，正是指这两种藻。谨按《本经》海藻，又名[阙字]。而《尔雅》谓[阙字]为石衣，又谓[阙字]（徒南切）名海[阙字]（与藻同），是海藻自有这两个名字，而注释都认为它是药草，谓纶、组乃别的草。如果这样，隐居所说，似乎接近陈藏器的说法，但也未必确凿依据。又注：解释以石衣为水苔，一名石发，石发即陟厘，颜色类似苔但粗糙涩为异。又说[阙字]叶像[阙字]（音xiè）但较大，生长在海底。且陟厘下自有条目，味性功用与海藻完全不同。又生长在江南池泽，乃是水中青苔，古人用来造纸，也是青黄色，现在的注认为石发就是它。然而则[阙字]与[阙字]都是海藻的名字。石发是另一类，毫无疑问。昆布，现在也出产于登、莱各州，功用与海藻相近。陶隐居又说：凡海中的菜，都治疗瘿瘤，结气。青苔、紫菜之类也是这样。又有石帆像柏树，主治石淋。水松像松树，主治溪毒。《吴都赋》所说的草则是石帆、水松。刘渊林注说：石帆生长在海屿石上，是草类。无叶，高尺许，其花离楼相互贯穿连接，死后浮在水中，人在海边得到它，很少有见到它生长的。水松，药草，生长在水中，出南海交趾就是它。紫菜，附石生长在海上，正青色，取来晒干则成紫色，南海有之。东海又有一种海带，像海藻但粗且长，登州人取来晒干，柔韧可以捆绑物品。医家用它下水，快于海藻、昆布之类。石发，现在人也晒干做菜，用酱醋吃尤其美味。青苔，可以做脯食用，都对人有利益。苔之类，又有井中苔，生长在废井中，并井蓝，都主治热毒。上面又有垣衣条说：生长在古墙阴处。苏恭说：就是古墙北阴青苔衣。生长在石上的名昔邪；屋上生的名屋游。大体主治略同。陆龟蒙《苔赋》说：高有瓦松，卑有泽葵，散岩窦的叫石发，补空田的叫垣衣，在屋的叫昔邪，在药的叫陟厘就是它。瓦松，生长在古瓦屋上，像松子层层叠叠。泽葵，就是凫葵。虽然说是异类，但都感瓦石而生，所以陆推类而这样说。现在人很少再用它，所以只附见于此。瓦松，就是下条昨叶何草。《广志》称之为兰香。段成式说：有人说构木上多松栽土，木气泄则生瓦松，然而也不一定如此。现在医家有时用作女子行经络药。陟厘，古方治疗虚冷下痢最重要。范汪治疗腹中留饮有海藻丸。又有瘿酒方，用海藻一斤，绢袋盛，用清酒二升浸，春夏二日，秋冬三日，一次服两合，每天三次。酒尽再合饮如前，渣晒干末服方寸匕，每天三次，不超过两剂，都好。《广济》治疗气膀胱急妨宜下气昆布法：高丽昆布一斤，白米泔浸一宿，洗去咸味，用水一斗，煮令向热，掰成长三寸，阔四、五分，仍取葱白一握，二寸切断，掰开，再煮，令昆布极烂，仍下盐、酢、豉、糁调和，依此法，不得令咸、酸。用生姜、橘皮、椒末等调和，宜食粱米、粳米饭。海藻也依此法，极下气，大效。无所忌。
海药说：主治宿食不消，五鬲痰壅，水气浮肿，香港脚，贲豚气，都良。雷公：凡使用，先须用生乌豆并紫背天葵和海藻，三件同蒸一个时辰，候日干使用。肘后方：治疗颔下瘰疬如梅李。宜速消之。海藻一斤，酒二升，渍数日。稍稍饮之。又方：治疗颈下卒结囊欲成瘿。海藻一斤，洗去咸，酒浸饮之。
Sargassum (Hǎizǎo)
Taste: Bitter, Saline. Nature: Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats Ying Liu Qi (Qi of goiter/neck masses), nodules under the neck; breaks and disperses stagnant Qi; treats carbuncles and swellings, Zheng Jia Jian Qi (hard abdominal masses with Qi stagnation), borborygmus above and below in the abdomen; eliminates twelve types of edema; treats accumulations in the skin; sudden ulcerations; stagnant Qi-heat nodules; promotes urination. Also known as Luoshou (Falling Hair), also known as [Character Missing]. Grows in pools and marshes of the East Sea. Harvested on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, dried in the sun. (Incompatible with Licorice Root/Gancao).
Tao Hongjing stated: It grows on islands, is black like disheveled hair but slightly larger, and its leaves are mostly similar to algae leaves. There is also Shifan (Stone Sail), shaped like cypress, which treats Shi Lin (urinary calculi).
There is also Shuisong (Water Pine), shaped like pine, which treats Xidu (stream toxicity). Currently examining Chen Cangqi's Materia Medica: This substance has varieties resembling horse tails, and those with large leaves. The *Shennong Bencao Jing* and its annotations do not distinguish the efficacy and morphology of Sargassum. Maoweizao (Horse Tail Algae) grows in shallow water, resembling short horse tails, thin and black; when used, it should be soaked to remove salinity. Dayezao (Large Leaf Algae) grows in deep seas and in Silla (Korea); its leaves resemble aquatic algae but are larger. The *Bencao Jing* states that treating stagnant Qi and goiters refers to this. *Erya* states: Luan resembles Luan, Zu resembles Zu; these refer precisely to two types of algae. Seafarers harvest Dayezao from the deep sea bottom by tying a rope around their waist, diving underwater to cut it, and immediately tying it onto the rope. After the fifth month, dangerous fish may cause injury, so harvesting should cease. Minister Yuxi et al. carefully note according to *Erya*: [Character Missing] is Haizao. Annotation: Medicinal herb. Also known as Hailuo. Resembles disheveled hair, grows in the sea. *Yaoxing Lun* states: Haizao is a minister drug, taste saline, slightly toxic. Mainly expels evil spirits and demons; treats acute Qi disorders with fullness; treats hernia with descending pain and swelling; removes borborygmus in the abdomen, making low sounds. Meng Shen states: Haizao stimulates male genital Qi; regular consumption eliminates male ulcerative diseases. People in the south eat it frequently; if transmitted to northerners, northerners eating it will generate various illnesses doubly, thus it is even less suitable. Chen Cangqi states: Mazao (Horse Algae) is very cold. Applied externally to treat infant erysipelas, white wandering rashes, and fiery heat sores. Crushed and juiced for oral administration to eliminate sudden heat, heat dysentery, and stop thirst. Grows on water surfaces, connected like horse teeth. He also states Shifan is over a chi high, roots like lacquer, upper parts gradually soft with crisscross patterns, growing at the sea bottom. Decoction treats women's blood stasis, amenorrhea, and Shi Lin. He also states Fengrong edible, treats edema, also grows at the sea bottom. *Wu Du Fu* states: Shifan is Shuisong. Rihua Zi states: Shifan is neutral, non-toxic. Purple color, stems as thick as chopsticks, harden upon exposure to wind, color like lacquer. Many people decorate it to resemble coral.
*Tujing* states: Haizao grows in pools and marshes of the East Sea; currently produced in the seas of Deng and Lai prefectures. Algae exist in all waters. The *Ode to Zhou Nan* states: "Where to gather algae? In the marshes and islets." Lu Ji states: Algae are aquatic plants growing at the bottom of water. There are two types: one has leaves like Perilla frutescens var. acuta (Jisu), stems like chopsticks, four or five chi long; another has stems like hairpins, leaves like Artemisia argyi (Panghai), called Juzao (Gathered Algae), referred to as Zaoju in Fufeng due to its sound-making property. Both algae are edible; after cooking and kneading to remove fishy odor, steamed with rice flour as vegetables, they are very delicious. In Jing and Yang regions, people use them as grain during famines. What is now called Haizao is grown in the sea, roots attached to stones at the bottom, black like disheveled hair but slightly thicker, leaves like aquatic algae but larger, called Dayezao. The *Bencao Jing* states its main indication is goiter. Seafarers tie ropes around their waists, dive to cut it, and tie it up. Another type is Maoweizao, growing in shallow water, resembling short horse tails, thin and black. This treats water retention and is used for draining water. Tao Hongjing states: *Erya* mentions Luan resembles Luan, Zu resembles Zu, found in the East Sea. Current green moss and laver (Zicai) resemble Luan, Kelp (Kunbu) resembles Zu, likely these are what is meant. However, Chen Cangqi asserts Luan and Zu refer precisely to these two algae. Carefully examining the *Bencao Jing*, Haizao is also named [Character Missing]. *Erya* defines [Character Missing] as Shiyi (Stone Garment), and [Character Missing] (pronounced Tananqie) as Hai [Character Missing] (same as Zao); thus Haizao naturally has these two names, while annotations consider it a medicinal herb, regarding Luan and Zu as other grasses. If so, Hongjing's statement seems close to Chen Cangqi's view, but lacks definitive evidence. Further annotation: Explains Shiyi as aquatic moss, also named Shifa; Shifa is Zhili. Color similar to moss but rougher. Also states [Character Missing] leaves resemble [Character Missing] (Xie) but larger, growing at the sea bottom. Zhili has its own section, with completely different taste, nature, and efficacy from Haizao. It grows in Jiangnan pools/marshes, being green moss in water, used by ancients for papermaking, also greenish-yellow; current annotations identify Shifa as this. Therefore, [Character Missing] and [Character Missing] are both names for Haizao. Shifa is a distinct category, undoubtedly. Kunbu is also produced in Deng and Lai prefectures, with efficacy similar to Haizao. Tao Hongjing further states: All seaweeds treat goiters and Qi stagnation. Green moss and laver are no exception. There is also Shifan resembling cypress, treating Shi Lin; Shuisong resembling pine, treating Xidu. *Wu Du Fu* mentions herbs such as Shifan and Shuisong. Liu Yuanlin's annotation states: Shifan grows on rocks in sea islets, is herbaceous, leafless, about a chi high, flowers interlaced, floats dead in water; rarely seen growing alive. Shuisong is a medicinal herb growing in water, originating from Nanhui Jiaozhi. Laver attaches to stones on the sea surface, fresh green, turning purple when dried; found in the South Sea. The East Sea has another type, Kaidai (Kelp-like), resembling Haizao but coarser and longer; Dengzhou people dry it, it is flexible for binding. Medically used for draining water, faster than Haizao and Kunbu. Shifa is now dried as a vegetable, delicious with pickles. Qingtai (Green Moss) can be made into jerky, beneficial to humans. Among mosses, there is well moss, growing in abandoned wells, along with well indigo, both treating heat toxins. Above, the entry for Yuanyi (Wall Lichen) states: Grows in the shade of ancient walls. Su Gong states: It is the green moss lichen on the north side of old walls. Growing on stones is named Xiexie; growing on roofs is named Wuyou. General treatments are similar. Lu Guimeng's *Ode to Moss* states: High up is Wasong (Tile Pine), low down is Zekui; scattered in rock crevices is Shifa, covering empty fields is Yuanyi, on houses is Xiexie, in medicine is Zhili. Wasong grows on old tiled roofs, layered like pine cones. Zekui is Fukui (Muskgrass). Though different species, they all grow influenced by tiles/stones, hence Lu's analogy. Rarely used now, so appended here. Wasong is the same as the next entry, Zeyehe Cao. *Guangzhi* calls it Lanxiang. Duan Chengshi states: Some say pine soil on beams causes wood qi leakage leading to Wasong, but not necessarily. Medical practitioners sometimes use it for women's meridian circulation. Zhili is crucial in ancient formulas for deficiency-cold dysentery. Fan Wang's formula for fluid retention in the abdomen includes Haizao Pill. There is also Yingjiu (Goiter Wine) recipe: One jin of Haizao, placed in a silk bag, soaked in two sheng of clear wine for two days in spring/summer, three days in autumn/winter. Take two he per dose, three times daily. When wine is exhausted, repeat. Dregs dried and powdered, take one fangcun bi per dose, three times daily, not exceeding two courses, all cured. *Guangji* treats Qi bladder urgency and difficulty urinating using Kunbu method: One jin of Korean Kunbu, soaked overnight in white rice wash water, washed to remove saltiness, boiled in ten dou of water until warm, torn into three-inch lengths, four-fen wide. Add one握 of scallion whites, cut into two-inch pieces, tear, boil again until Kunbu is very soft. Add salt, vinegar, fermented soybeans, and rice powder to season, following this method, ensuring it is not too salty or sour. Season with ginger, tangerine peel, pepper powder, etc. Eat with sorghum or japonica rice. Haizao follows this method, strongly directs Qi downward, highly effective. No taboos.
Haiyao states: Treats retained food indigestion, phlegm obstruction in the five diaphragms, water qi edema, beriberi, and Bentun Qi (fleeing qi), all good. Lei Gong: When preparing, first steam Haizao together with raw adzuki beans and Zi Bei Tiankui for one shichen (two hours), then dry in the sun. *Zhouhou Fang*: Treats scrofula under the jaw like plums. Eliminate quickly. One jin of Haizao, two sheng of wine, soak for several days. Drink slowly. Another prescription: Treats sudden cyst formation under the neck threatening to become goiter. One jin of Haizao, wash away saltiness, soak in wine and drink.