\r天南星\pd251.bmp\r
味苦、辛，有毒。主中风，除痰，麻痹，下气，破坚积，消痈肿，利胸膈，散血，
坠胎。生平泽，处处有之。叶似 叶，根如芋，二月、八月采之。（今附）
臣禹锡等谨按陈藏器云∶天南星，主金疮，伤折，瘀血，取根碎敷伤处。生安东山谷。
叶如
荷，独茎，用根最良。日华子云∶味辛烈，平，畏附子、干姜、生姜。 扑损瘀血，主蛇虫
咬，疥癣恶疮。入药炮用，又名鬼 。
图经曰∶天南星，《本经》不载所出州土，云生平泽，今处处有之。二月生苗，似荷梗，
茎
高
一尺以来。叶如 ，两枝相抱。五月开花似蛇头，黄色。七月结子作穗似石榴子，红色。
根似芋而圆，二月、八月采根，亦与 根相类，人多误采。茎斑花紫是 。一说天南星
如本草所说，即虎掌也。小者名由跋，后人采用，乃别立一名尔。今天南星大者四边皆有子
，采时尽削去之。又陈藏器云∶半夏高一、二尺，由跋高一、二寸，此正误相反言也。今
由
跋苗高一、二尺，茎似 而无斑，根如鸡卵。半夏高一、二寸，亦有盈尺者，根如小指正
圆也。江南吴中又有白 ，亦曰鬼芋，根都似天南星，生下平泽极多。皆杂采以为天南星
，了不可辨。市中所收，往往是也。但天南星小，柔腻肌细，炮之易裂，差可辨尔。古方多
用虎掌，不言天南星。天南星近出唐世，中风痰毒方中多用之。《续传信方》治风痛，用天
南星、踯躅花，并生时同捣，罗作饼子，甑上蒸四、五过，以 葛囊盛之。候要，即取焙捣
为末，蒸饼，丸如梧桐子，温酒下三丸。腰脚骨痛，空心服，手臂痛，食后服，大良。
经验方∶治急中风，目暝牙噤，无门下药者。有此末子，以中指点末，揩齿三、二十，
揩
大
牙左右，其口自开，始得下药，名开开散∶天南星捣为末，白龙脑，二件各等分研，自五月
五日午时合。患者只一字至半钱。又方∶治小儿走马疳，蚀透损骨及小攻蚀必效方∶天南星
一
个，当心作坑子，安雄黄一块在内，用曲裹烧，候雄黄作汁，以盏子合定出火毒去曲，研为
末，入麝香少许，敷疮，验。又方∶治妇人一切风攻头目痛。天南星一个，掘地坑子，火烧
令
赤，安于坑中，以醋一盏，以盏盖之，不令透气，候冷取出为末。每服一字，以酒调下，重
者半钱匕。又方∶治惊风坠涎。天南星一个重一两，换酒浸七伏时取出，于新瓦上周回炭火
炙
令干裂，置于湿地去火毒，用瓷器合盛之冷，捣末，用朱砂一分研同拌。每服半钱，荆芥汤
调下，每日空心、午时进一、二服。胜金方∶治吐血。天南星一两，锉如豆大，以炉灰汁浸
一
宿，取出洗净，焙干捣末，用酒磨自然铜下一钱，愈。十全博救方治咳嗽。天南星一个大者
，炮令裂为末。每服一大钱，水一盏，生姜三片，煎至五分，温服，空心、日午、临卧时各
一服。集效方治吐泻不止，或取转多，四肢发厥，虚风不省人事。服此四肢渐暖，神识便省
，回阳散∶天南星为末。每服三钱，入京枣三枚，同煎八分温服，未省再服。初虞世治破伤
风入疮强直。防风、天南星等分为末，以醋调作靥粘贴。谭氏方治小儿牙关不开。天南星一
个，煨热纸裹，斜角未要透气。于细处剪鸡头大一窍子，透气于鼻孔中，牙关立开。
味苦、辛，有毒。主治中风，祛除痰浊，缓解麻痹，降逆下气，破除坚积，消散痈肿，通利胸膈，散血，堕胎。生长于沼泽湿地，各地都有。叶子像芋头叶，根块像芋头，二月和八月采集。（今附）
臣禹锡等人谨按陈藏器的说法：天南星，主治金创（金属利器造成的伤口）、骨折损伤、瘀血，取根块捣碎敷在伤处。生长在安东的山谷中。叶子像荷叶，独茎，使用根块效果最好。日华子说：味道辛辣猛烈，性平，畏忌附子、干姜、生姜。治疗跌打损伤瘀血，主治蛇虫咬伤，疥癣恶疮。入药需炮制后使用，又名鬼芋。
《图经》说：天南星，《神农本草经》未记载其出产州土，只说生长于沼泽湿地，如今各地都有。二月生苗，像荷梗，茎高一尺左右。叶子像芋头叶，两片叶子相抱。五月开花像蛇头，黄色。七月结子成穗像石榴籽，红色。根像芋头但圆形，二月、八月采挖根块，也与芋头根相似，人们常误采。茎有斑纹、花紫色的是“虎掌”。另一种说法是天南星如本草所说，就是虎掌。小的名叫由跋，后人采用，于是另立一名。现在的天南星大的四周都有子块，采集时全部削去。又陈藏器说：半夏高一、二尺，由跋高一、二寸，这正好是错误相反的说法。现在的由跋苗高一、二尺，茎像芋头茎但没有斑纹，根像鸡蛋。半夏高一、二寸，也有长到一尺的，根像小指端正圆形。江南吴地又有白芋，也叫鬼芋，根都类似天南星，生长在低洼湿地极多。都混杂采集作为天南星，完全无法辨别。市场上所收进的，往往就是这种。只是天南星较小，质地柔腻肌理细，炮制时容易开裂，据此可以辨别。古方多用虎掌，不说天南星。天南星近出唐代，中风痰毒方剂中多用之。《续传信方》治疗风痛，用天南星、踯躅花，一起生捣，筛过做成饼子，在蒸笼上蒸四五次，用葛布囊盛装。等到需要用时，取出焙干捣为末，用蒸饼做丸，如梧桐子大，温酒送服三丸。腰脚骨痛，空腹服用；手臂痛，饭后服用，效果很好。
经验方：治疗急中风，眼睛闭合牙关紧闭，无法下药者。有此末药，用中指蘸取药末，擦拭牙齿三、二十次，擦拭大牙左右，其口自然张开，才能下药，名为开开散：天南星捣为末，白龙脑（冰片），两样各等分研细，自五月五日午时配制。患者只用一字至半钱。又一方：治疗小儿走马疳，蚀透损骨及小攻蚀必效方：天南星一个，当心挖坑，放入一块雄黄，用曲包裹烧，等雄黄化成汁，用盏盖定去除火毒去掉曲，研为末，加入少许麝香，敷于疮口，有效。又一方：治疗妇人一切风攻头目痛。天南星一个，掘地坑，火烧令红，放在坑中，用一盏醋，用盏盖住，不让透气，等冷取出为末。每服一字，用酒调下，重者半钱匕。又一方：治疗惊风坠涎。天南星一个重一两，换酒浸泡七个伏天时间取出，在新瓦上周围炭火炙烤令干裂，置于湿地去除火毒，用瓷器合盛冷却，捣末，用朱砂一分研同拌。每服半钱，荆芥汤调下，每日空腹、午时进一、二服。胜金方：治疗吐血。天南星一两，锉如豆大，用炉灰汁浸泡一夜，取出洗净，焙干捣末，用酒磨自然铜下一钱，痊愈。十全博救方治疗咳嗽。天南星一个大者，炮令裂为末。每服一大钱，水一盏，生姜三片，煎至五分，温服，空腹、日午、临卧时各一服。集效方治疗吐泻不止，或呕吐转多，四肢发厥，虚风不省人事。服此四肢渐暖，神识便醒，回阳散：天南星为末。每服三钱，入京枣三枚，同煎八分温服，未醒再服。初虞世治疗破伤风入疮强直。防风、天南星等分为末，用醋调作靥粘贴。谭氏方治疗小儿牙关不开。天南星一个，煨热纸裹，斜角不要透气。在细处剪鸡头大一窍子，透气于鼻孔中，牙关立开。
Arisaema (Tian Nan Xing)
Bitter, acrid, toxic. Mainly treats wind-stroke, eliminates phlegm, relieves numbness and paralysis, directs rebellious Qi downward, breaks up firm accumulations, dissipates carbuncles and swellings, benefits the chest and diaphragm, disperses blood, and causes abortion. Grows in marshy areas, available everywhere. Leaves resemble those of Colocasia esculenta (Tarotaro), roots resemble taro, harvested in February and August. (Supplementary)
Minister Yuxi et al. respectfully cite Chen Cangqi: Arisaema mainly treats metal wounds, fractures, and blood stasis; take the root, crush it, and apply to the injured area. Grows in mountain valleys of Andong. Leaves resemble Nelumbo nucifera (Lotus) leaves, with a single stem, using the root is best. Rihua Zi says: Flavor is sharply acrid, neutral in nature, incompatible with Aconitum carmichaelii (Fu Zi), Zingiberis Rhizoma干燥品 (Gan Jiang), and Zingiberis Rhizoma新鲜品 (Sheng Jiang). Treats traumatic injuries and blood stasis, main remedy for snake and insect bites, scabies, tinea, and malignant sores. For medicinal use, it must be processed; also known as Gui Yu (Ghost Taro).
Tu Jing states: Arisaema, not recorded in Ben Jing regarding its place of origin, says it grows in marshes, now available everywhere. Sprouts in February, resembling lotus stems, stems about one chi high. Leaves resemble taro leaves, two leaves embracing each other. Flowers in May like a snake's head, yellow. Bears fruit in July in spikes resembling pomegranate seeds, red. Roots resemble taro but are round, roots harvested in February and August, similar to taro roots, often mistakenly collected by people. Stems with spots and purple flowers are Hu Zhang (Tiger Palm). Another view is that Arisaema as described in Ben Cao is indeed Hu Zhang. The smaller ones are named You Ba, later adopted by practitioners, thus establishing a new name. Current large Arisaema have tubercles on all four sides, which are completely removed during harvesting. Also, Chen Cangqi says: Pinellia ternata (Ban Xia) is one or two chi high, You Ba is one or two cun high; this is exactly an error in reversal. Current You Ba seedlings are one or two chi high, stems resemble taro stems but without spots, roots resemble chicken eggs. Pinellia ternata is one or two cun high, sometimes reaching one chi, roots are small, finger-sized, and perfectly round. In Jiangnan and Wuzhong, there is also Bai Yu, also called Gui Yu, roots all resembling Arisaema, growing abundantly in low-lying marshes. All are mixed and collected as Arisaema, indistinguishable. What is received in the market is often this kind. However, Arisaema is smaller, soft and greasy with fine texture, cracks easily when processed, which can be used to distinguish it. Ancient formulas mostly used Hu Zhang, not mentioning Arisaema. Arisaema appeared recently in the Tang dynasty, widely used in formulas for wind-stroke and phlegm-toxin. Xu Chuan Xin Fang treats wind-pain using Arisaema and Rhododendron molle (Zhi Zhu Hua), both fresh, pounded together, sifted into cakes, steamed over a steamer four or five times, stored in a Pueraria lobata (Ge Gen) bag. When needed, take out, dry-roast, pound into powder, make pills with steamed dough, size of Sophora japonica seeds, swallow three pills with warm wine. For waist and leg bone pain, take on an empty stomach; for arm pain, take after meals, very effective.
Empirical Formula: Treats acute wind-stroke with eyes closed and jaw clenched, unable to administer medicine. Use this powder, dip middle finger in powder, rub teeth thirty to twenty times, rub around the large molars, the mouth will naturally open, then medicine can be administered, named Kai Kai San: Arisaema pounded into powder, Borneolum Syntheticum (Bai Long Nao), equal parts of both ground together, prepared at noon on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. Patient takes only one qian to half a qian. Another formula: Treats pediatric gan gangrene (flesh-eating disease) penetrating bone and minor erosion, Bi Xiao Fang: One Arisaema, dig a pit in the center, place a piece of Realgar (Xiong Huang) inside, wrap with yeast starter (Qu) and roast, wait until Realgar melts into liquid, cover with a bowl to remove fire toxicity and discard the Qu, grind into powder, add a little Moschus (She Xiang), apply to sore, verified effective. Another formula: Treats women's general wind attacking head and eye pain. One Arisaema, dig a pit in the ground, heat until red, place in the pit, pour one bowl of vinegar, cover with a bowl, do not let air pass, wait until cool, take out and grind into powder. Take one qian per dose, mix with wine, severe cases take half a qian bi. Another formula: Treats convulsive wind and drooling. One Arisaema weighing one liang, soak in wine for seven伏 periods, take out, roast on new tiles with charcoal fire around until dry and cracked, place in damp ground to remove fire toxicity, store in porcelain jar to cool, pound into powder, mix with one fen of Cinnabar (Zhu Sha) ground together. Take half a qian per dose, mix with Schizonepetae Herba (Jing Jie) decoction, take one or two doses daily on an empty stomach and at noon. Sheng Jin Fang: Treats hematemesis. One liang of Arisaema, cut into bean-sized pieces, soak in ash water overnight, take out, wash clean, dry-roast and pound into powder, take one qian with Nativum Pyritum (Zi Ran Tong) ground with wine, cured. Shi Quan Bo Jiu Fang treats cough. One large Arisaema, process until cracked, pound into powder. Take one da qian per dose, one bowl of water, three slices of Zingiberis Rhizoma (Sheng Jiang), decoct to half a bowl, take warm, one dose on empty stomach, at noon, and before bed. Ji Xiao Fang treats persistent vomiting and diarrhea, or excessive vomiting, cold limbs, fainting due to deficiency wind. After taking this, limbs gradually warm, consciousness returns, Hui Yang San: Arisaema pounded into powder. Take three qian per dose, add three Jujubae Fructus (Jing Zao), decoct together to eight-tenths, take warm, if not conscious, take again. Chu Yushi treats tetanus from broken skin entering wound causing stiffness. Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fang Feng) and Arisaema in equal parts, pound into powder, mix with vinegar to make patches for application. Tan Shi Fang treats pediatric trismus (lockjaw). One Arisaema, roast hot, wrap in paper, prevent air leakage at corners. Cut a hole the size of a chicken head at the narrow end, insert into nostril to allow airflow, jaw opens immediately.