\r天雄\pd221.bmp\r
味辛、甘，温，大温，有大毒。主大风，寒湿痹，历节痛，拘挛缓急，破积聚邪气，
金疮，强筋骨，轻身健行，疗头面风去来疼痛，心腹结积，关节重，不能行步，除骨间痛，
长阴气，强志，令人武勇力作不倦。又堕胎。一名白幕。生少室山谷。二月采根，阴干。（
远志为之使，恶腐婢。）
陶隐居云∶今采用八月中旬。天雄似附子，细而长便是。长者乃至三、四寸许。此与乌
头、
附子三种，本并出建平，故谓之三建。今宜都 山最好，谓为西建。钱塘间者谓之东建，气
力劣弱不相似。故曰西冰犹胜东白也。其用灰杀之，时有冰强（巨两切）者，不佳。唐本注
云
∶天雄、附子、乌头等，并以蜀道绵州、龙州出者佳。余处纵有造得者，力弱，都不相似。
江南来者，全不堪用。陶以三物俱出建平故名之，非也。按国语置堇于肉，注云∶乌头也
。
为建，
遂以建平释之。又石龙芮叶似堇，故名水堇。今复为水莨，赤作建音。此岂复生建平耶，检
字书，又无莨字，甄立言《本草音义》亦论之。天雄、附子、侧子并同用。八月采造，其乌
头
四月
上旬，今云二月采，恐非时也。臣禹锡等谨按淮南子云∶天雄，雄鸡志气益注云，取天雄
三
枚，纳雄鸡肠中，捣生食之，令人勇。药性论云∶天雄，君，忌豉汁，大热，有大毒。干姜
制，用之能治风痰，冷痹，软脚，毒风，能止气喘促急，杀禽虫毒。日华子云∶治一切风，
一切气，助阳道，暖水脏，补腰膝，益精，明目，通九窍，利皮肤，调血脉，四肢不遂，破
癖症结，排脓止痛，续骨消瘀血，补冷气虚损，霍乱转筋，背脊偻伛，消风痰，下胸膈水
，发汗，止阴汗，炮含喉痹。凡丸散，炮去皮脐用，饮药即和皮生使，甚佳。可以便验。又
云
∶天雄，大长少角刺而虚，乌喙似天雄，而附子大短有角，平稳而实。乌头次于附子，侧子
小于乌头，连聚生者，名为虎掌，并是天雄一裔，子母之类，力气乃有殊等，即宿根与嫩者
耳。以上并忌豉汁。
图经文具侧子条下。
陈藏器∶天雄，身全短无尖，周匝四面有附子，孕十一个，皮苍色即是。天雄宜炮皴坼
后，
去皮尖底用之。不然，阴制用，并得。别说云∶谨按此数条，说前项悉备。但天雄者始种乌
头
，而不生诸附子、侧子之类。经年独生长大者是也。蜀人种之忌生。此以为不利。如养蚕而
为白姜之类也。
天雄
味辛、甘，性温，大温，有大毒。主治大风病，寒湿痹阻，历节痛（关节剧烈疼痛），拘挛或弛缓急迫，破除积聚邪气，治疗金疮（金属利器造成的创伤），强壮筋骨，使身体轻健、行走有力，治疗头面部风邪引起的游走性疼痛，心腹部的结块积聚，关节沉重，不能行走，消除骨间疼痛，增长阴气，坚定意志，使人勇武有力而不知疲倦。此外，还有堕胎的作用。又名白幕。生长在少室山谷。二月采集根部，阴干。（远志为其辅佐药，厌恶腐婢。）
陶隐居说：现在采用八月中旬采集。天雄形状像附子，细长就是天雄。长的甚至有三、四寸左右。这三种药物——乌头、附子、天雄，原本都出产于建平，所以称为“三建”。现在宜都山的最好，称为西建。钱塘地区的称为东建，药效力量薄弱不相似。所以说西冰（指西建）胜过东白（指东建）。其用法是用灰杀之（用草木灰处理以减毒），有时有冰强（音巨两切，指质地坚硬如冰者），不好。《唐本草》注解说：天雄、附子、乌头等，以蜀道绵州、龙州出产的最好。其他地方即使制造出来，药效也弱，完全不相似。江南来的，完全不堪使用。陶弘景因为这三物都出自建平所以这样命名，是不对的。按《国语》记载：“置堇于肉”，注释说：堇就是乌头。为了成为“建”，于是用建平来解释它。另外石龙芮的叶子像堇菜，所以名叫水堇。现在又写作水莨，赤色读作建音。这哪里是生在建平呢？检查字书，又没有莨这个字，甄立言的《本草音义》也讨论过这个问题。天雄、附子、侧子并同使用。八月采制，那乌头在四月上旬，现在说二月采集，恐怕不是时候。臣禹锡等谨按《淮南子》说：天雄，雄鸡志气益（注释说：取天雄三枚，放入雄鸡肠中，捣碎生吃，能让人勇敢）。《药性论》说：天雄，为君药，忌豆豉汁，大热，有大毒。用干姜炮制后，能治疗风痰，冷痹，脚软，毒风，能止气喘急促，杀灭禽虫毒。日华子说：治疗一切风，一切气，助阳道，暖水脏（肾与膀胱），补腰膝，益精，明目，通九窍，利皮肤，调血脉，四肢不遂，破癖症结，排脓止痛，续骨消瘀血，补冷气虚损，霍乱转筋，背脊偻伛（驼背），消风痰，下胸膈水，发汗，止阴汗，炮含喉痹。凡是丸散，炮制去皮脐使用，饮药则和皮生用，很好。可以简便验证。又说：天雄，大长少角刺而虚，乌喙像天雄，而附子大短有角，平稳而实。乌头次于附子，侧子小于乌头，连聚生长的，名为虎掌，都是天雄的后代，子母之类，力气乃有不同等级，不过是宿根与嫩株的区别罢了。以上都忌豆豉汁。
《图经》详细文字在侧子条下。
陈藏器：天雄，身形全短无尖，周围四面有附子，孕育十一个，皮苍色即是。天雄宜炮裂皴坼后，去皮尖底使用。不然，阴制使用，也可以。别说云：谨按这几条，说明前项全部具备。但天雄是开始种植乌头，而不生长诸附子、侧子之类的。经年独生长大者是。蜀人种植它忌讳生（地）。这认为是不利的。如同养蚕而为白姜之类一样。
Tianxiong (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, specifically the lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii that has grown large and long without forming side roots)
Acrid, sweet, warm, greatly warm, highly toxic. Primarily treats severe wind diseases, bi syndrome caused by cold-dampness, lijie pain (severe joint pain), spasms or flaccidity with urgency, breaks up accumulations and pathogenic qi, treats metal wounds (trauma from sharp instruments), strengthens sinews and bones, lightens the body and enhances mobility, treats wandering pain in the head and face caused by wind, nodular accumulations in the heart and abdomen, heaviness in joints, inability to walk, eliminates bone pain, nourishes yin qi, stabilizes the will, makes one courageous and capable of strenuous labor without fatigue. Additionally, it can induce abortion. Also known as Baimu. Grows in the valleys of Mount Shaoshi. Roots are harvested in the second lunar month and dried in the shade. (Polygalae Radix [Yuanzhi] acts as its assistant; it is incompatible with Fubie.)
Tao Hongjing states: Currently, harvesting is done in mid-August. Tianxiong resembles Fuzi (Prepared Lateral Root of Aconite); if it is slender and long, it is Tianxiong. The longer ones may reach three or four cun. These three herbs—Wutou (Aconiti Radix), Fuzi, and Tianxiong—all originally originated from Jianping, hence they are called "Sanjian" (Three Jian). Those from Yidu Mountain are considered the best, referred to as Xijian (Western Jian). Those from the Qiantang area are called Dongjian (Eastern Jian), but their efficacy is weak and dissimilar. Hence it is said that Xibing (Western Jian) surpasses Dongbai (Eastern Jian). They are processed using ash to neutralize toxicity; sometimes those that are "bingqiang" (hard like ice, pronounced ju-liang-qie) are not good. The Commentary on the Tang Materia Medica notes: Tianxiong, Fuzi, and Wutou are best when produced in Mianzhou and Longzhou along the Shu Road. Even if produced elsewhere, their potency is weak and entirely dissimilar. Those from Jiangnan are completely unusable. Tao's naming them based on all three originating from Jianping is incorrect. According to the *Guoyu*, "placing jin in meat," the annotation says: Jin is Wutou. To become "Jian," Jianping was used to explain it. Furthermore, the leaves of *Ranunculus japonicus* resemble *Jincaiyu* (Butomus umbellatus), hence it is named Shuijin. Now it is also written as Shuilang, red-colored, pronounced with the Jian sound. How could this possibly grow in Jianping? Checking character dictionaries, there is no character for Lang; Zhen Liyan's *Bencao Yinyi* also discusses this. Tianxiong, Fuzi, and Cezǐ (Lateral Root of Aconite) are used similarly. Harvested and processed in the eighth month; however, Wutou is harvested in early April. Saying it is harvested in February is likely incorrect. Minister Yuxi et al. respectfully cite the *Huainanzi*: Tianxiong benefits the spirit and energy of roosters. An annotation states: Take three pieces of Tianxiong, place them inside a rooster's intestine, crush and eat raw to make one courageous. The *Materia Medica of Drug Properties* states: Tianxiong is the Sovereign herb, incompatible with Douchi juice, greatly hot, highly toxic. Processed with Shengjiang (Dried Ginger), it treats wind-phlegm, cold-bi syndrome, soft legs, toxic wind, stops asthma and急促 breathing, kills avian and insect toxins. Ri Huazi states: Treats all wind and all qi disorders, aids yang pathways, warms the Water Viscera (Kidneys and Bladder), supplements waist and knees, benefits essence, brightens eyes, opens the nine orifices, benefits skin, regulates blood vessels, treats paralysis of limbs, breaks up mass formations, drains pus and relieves pain, heals bones and resolves blood stasis, supplements cold qi deficiency and damage, treats cholera with muscle cramps, kyphosis (hunchback), resolves wind-phlegm, drains water from chest and diaphragm, induces sweating, stops genital sweating, and when roasted and held in the mouth, treats sore throat. For pills and powders, roast, remove skin and navel before use; for decoctions, use raw with skin, which is excellent. This can be easily verified. It is also stated: Tianxiong is large, long, lacks horn-like projections, and is hollow; WuHui (Aconiti Radix Preparata) resembles Tianxiong, while Fuzi is shorter, has horns, is stable, and solid. Wutou ranks below Fuzi; Cezǐ is smaller than Wutou. When clustered together, they are named Huzhang (Tiger Palm). All are descendants of Tianxiong, parent-child categories, differing in potency, merely being old roots versus young shoots. All above are incompatible with Douchi juice.
The detailed illustrations are under the entry for Cezǐ.
Chen Cangqi: Tianxiong is short and blunt without a tip, surrounded on all sides by Fuzi, nurturing eleven buds, with grayish bark. Tianxiong should be roasted until cracked, then skin, tips, and base removed before use. Otherwise, processed via yin-method (steaming/soaking) is also acceptable. Another commentary states: Respectfully reviewing these entries, all previous descriptions are complete. However, Tianxiong is the initial planting of Wutou that does not produce various Fuzi or Cezǐ. It is the one that grows alone and large over years. People in Shu avoid planting it in fresh soil, considering it unfavorable. This is like raising silkworms to produce white ginger.