\r木瓜实\pd488.bmp\r
味酸，温，无毒。主湿痹邪气，霍乱大吐下，转筋不止。其枝亦可煮用。
陶隐居云∶山阴兰亭尤多，彼人以为良果，最疗转筋。如转筋时，但呼其名及书上作木
瓜字
，皆愈，亦不可解。俗人柱木瓜杖，云利筋胫。又有 （音冥）楂（音 ），大而黄，可进
酒去
痰。又，楂子，涩，断痢。《礼》云∶楂梨曰 之。郑公不识楂，乃云是梨之不臧者。然古
亦以楂为果，今则不入例尔。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本注∶其树枝状如奈，花作房生，子形似栝
蒌，火干甚香。《尔雅》云∶ ，木瓜。注云∶实如小瓜，酢可食，然多食亦不益人。又《尔
雅》注∶楂似梨而酢涩。陈藏器云∶木瓜本功外，下冷气，强筋骨，消食，止水痢后渴不止，
作饮服之。又，香港脚冲心，取一颗去子，煎服之，嫩者更佳。又止呕逆，心膈痰唾。又云按
楂，一名蛮楂。本功外，食之去恶心。其气辛香，致衣箱中杀虫鱼。食之止心中酸水，水
痢。楂子本功外，食之去恶心、酸咽，止酒痰黄水。小于 而相似。北土无之，中都有。
郑注《礼》云∶楂梨之不臧者。为无功也。孟诜云∶木瓜，谨按枝叶煮之饮，亦治霍乱
。不可多食，损齿及骨。又，脐下绞痛。木瓜一、两片，桑叶七片，大枣三枚，碎之，以水
二
升，煮取半升，顿服之，瘥。又云楂子，平。损齿及筋，不可食。亦主霍乱转筋，煮汁食之
，与木瓜功稍等，余无有益人处。江外常为果食。日华子云∶木瓜，止吐泻、贲豚及香港脚、
水肿，冷热痢，心腹痛，疗渴，呕逆，痰唾等。根治香港脚。又云 楂，平，无毒。消痰，解
酒毒及治咽酸。煨食止痢。浸油梳头，治发赤并白。
图经曰∶木瓜，旧不着所出州土。陶隐居云∶山阴兰亭尤多，今处处有之，而宣城者为
佳。
其木状若奈，花生于春末而深红色。其实大者如瓜，小者如拳。《尔雅》谓之 。郭璞云∶
实
如小瓜，酢，可食，不可多，亦不益人。宣州人种莳尤谨，遍满山谷。始实成，则镞纸花薄
其上，夜露日曝，渐而变红，花纹如生。本州以充上贡焉。又有一种 楂，木、叶、花、实
，酷类木瓜。陶云大而黄，可进酒去痰者是也。欲辨之，看蒂间，别有重蒂如乳者为木瓜，
无此者为 楂也。木瓜大枝可作杖策之，云利筋脉。根、叶者汤淋足胫，可以已蹶。又，截
其木，干之作桶以濯足，尤益。道家以 楂生压汁，合和甘松、玄参末，作湿香，云甚爽神
。
雷公云∶凡使，勿误用和圆子、蔓子、土伏子，其色样外形真似木瓜，只气味效并向里
子各
不同。若木瓜，皮薄，微赤黄，香，甘、酸，不涩。调营卫，助谷气。向里子头尖一面，方∶
是真木瓜。若和圆子，色微黄，蒂、核粗，子小圆，味涩、微咸，伤人气。蔓子颗小，亦似
木
瓜，味绝涩，不堪用。土伏子似木瓜，味绝涩，子如大样油麻，又苦涩，不堪用。若饵之，
令人目涩、目赤，多赤筋痛。凡使木瓜，勿令犯铁。用铜刀削去硬皮并子，薄切，于日中晒
。却用黄牛乳汁拌蒸，从巳至未，其木瓜如膏煎，却于日中薄摊，晒干用也。食疗云∶主呕
风气。又吐后转筋，煮汁饮之甚良。脚膝筋急痛，煮木瓜令烂，研作浆粥样，用裹痛处。
冷
即易，一宿三、五度，热裹便瘥。煮木瓜时，入一半酒同煮之。毛诗∶投我以木瓜，报之以
琼琚。注云∶木瓜， 木也，可食之木。
衍义曰∶木瓜，得木之正，故入筋。以铅霜涂之，则失醋味，受金之制，故如是。今人
多取
西京大木瓜为佳，其味和美，至熟止，青白色，入药，绝有功。胜、宣州者味淡。此物入肝，
故益筋与血病、腰肾脚膝无力，此物不可阙也。
木瓜实
味酸，性温，无毒。主治湿痹邪气，霍乱引起的剧烈呕吐和腹泻，以及小腿腓肠肌痉挛不止。其枝条也可以煮水服用。
陶隐居说：山阴兰亭地区尤其多产，当地人认为它是优良的果品，最能治疗转筋（小腿抽筋）。当发生转筋时，只要呼喊它的名字或书写“木瓜”二字，病就能痊愈，这也无法解释。世俗之人将木瓜杖作为手杖拄着，据说有利于筋骨和小腿。还有一种（音冥）楂（音 ），果实大而黄，可以助酒兴、去痰。另外，楂子味道涩，能止痢疾。《礼记》中说：“楂梨叫做 。”郑玄不认识楂，于是说是劣质的梨。然而古代也将楂作为果品，现在则不再列入常规果品了。臣禹锡等人谨按蜀本注解说：它的树枝形状像奈（一种苹果类水果），花朵成簇生长，果实形状像栝蒌，火烤后非常香。《尔雅》说： ，就是木瓜。注释说：果实像小瓜，味酸可食用，但多吃也不利于人体健康。又，《尔雅》注释说：楂像梨一样，味酸且涩。陈藏器说：除了木瓜原有的功效外，还能降下冷气，强健筋骨，消食化积，止住痢疾后的口渴不止，做成饮剂服用。另外，对于脚气病冲心（脚气上攻心脏），取一颗去籽，煎服，嫩果更佳。又能止呕逆，消除心膈部的痰唾。又说，按楂，别名蛮楂。除了原有功效外，食用它能去除恶心感。它的气味辛香，放在衣箱中可以杀虫鱼。食用它能止住心中泛酸水，治疗水痢。楂子除了原有功效外，食用能去除恶心、酸咽感，止住酒痰黄水。它比 小但相似。北方没有，中都地区有。郑玄注《礼记》说：楂是梨中不好的。因为没有什么功效。孟诜说：木瓜，谨按枝叶煮水饮用，也能治疗霍乱。不可多吃，会损伤牙齿和骨骼。另外，对于脐下绞痛，用木瓜一至两片，桑叶七片，大枣三枚，切碎，用水二升，煮取半升，一次性服下，病就好了。又说楂子，性平。损伤牙齿和筋脉，不可食用。也主治霍乱转筋，煮汁食用，功效与木瓜稍等，其余没有有益人体的地方。江外地区常将其作为果品食用。日华子说：木瓜，能止吐泻、奔豚及脚气、水肿，治疗冷热痢疾，心腹疼痛，疗渴，呕逆，痰唾等。根部治疗脚气。又说 楂，性平，无毒。消痰，解酒毒及治疗咽酸。煨熟食用止痢。浸油梳头，治疗头发发红并变白。
图经曰：木瓜，旧籍不记载出产的州土。陶隐居说：山阴兰亭尤其多，现在到处都有，而宣城出产的最好。它的树木形状像奈，花在春末开放，颜色深红。果实大的像瓜，小的像拳头。《尔雅》称之为 。郭璞说：果实像小瓜，味酸，可食用，不可多吃，也不利于人体。宣州人种植特别谨慎，遍布山谷。果实刚形成时，就在上面贴上薄纸花，夜间受露水，白天晒太阳，逐渐变红，花纹如同生花。本州将其作为贡品进献。又有一种 楂，木、叶、花、实，极像木瓜。陶隐居所说的大而黄，可助酒兴去痰的就是这种。要辨别它们，看蒂部间，另有重蒂如乳头状的是木瓜，没有这个特征的就是 楂。木瓜大枝可制作拐杖，据说有利于筋脉。根、叶煮汤淋洗足胫，可以治愈厥冷。另外，截取其木材，干燥后做成桶来洗脚，尤其有益。道家将 楂压榨取汁，混合甘松、玄参粉末，制成湿香，据说非常提神醒脑。
雷公说：凡使用木瓜，不要误用和圆子、蔓子、土伏子，它们的色泽外形真像木瓜，只是气味药效以及内部种子各不相同。如果是木瓜，皮薄，微赤黄色，香，味甘、酸，不涩。调和营卫，助长谷气。向里子头部尖的一面，方：是真木瓜。如果是和圆子，色微黄，蒂、核粗，子小圆，味涩、微咸，伤人气。蔓子颗粒小，也似木瓜，味极涩，不堪使用。土伏子似木瓜，味极涩，子像大粒芝麻，又苦涩，不堪使用。如果服用它，会让人眼睛干涩、眼睛发红，多赤筋痛。凡使用木瓜，不要让铁接触。用铜刀削去硬皮并去掉籽，薄片，在阳光下晒。然后用黄牛乳汁拌蒸，从巳时到未时，木瓜如膏状煎煮，再在太阳下薄摊，晒干使用。食疗说：主治呕风气。另外吐后转筋，煮汁饮用很好。脚膝筋急痛，煮木瓜令烂，研作浆粥样，用来包裹痛处。冷了即换，一宿三、五次，热裹便好。煮木瓜时，加入一半酒同煮。毛诗：投我以木瓜，报之以琼琚。注释说：木瓜， 木也，可食用的树木。
衍义曰：木瓜，得木之正气，所以入筋。用铅霜涂抹它，就失去了醋味，受到金的制约，所以是这样。现在人多取西京大木瓜为佳，其味和美，直到成熟，青白色，入药，绝有功。胜、宣州产的味淡。此物入肝，所以益筋与血病、腰肾脚膝无力，此物不可缺也。
Fruit of Chaenomeles (Mu Gua)
Taste: Sour. Nature: Warm. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Primarily treats damp-bi syndrome (painful obstruction due to dampness) and pathogenic factors, severe vomiting and diarrhea caused by cholera-like illness (Huo Luan), and persistent muscle cramps in the calf muscles. Its branches can also be boiled for use.
Tao Hongjing stated: They are particularly abundant in Lanting, Shanyin. Locals consider them excellent fruits, most effective for treating muscle cramps. When muscle cramps occur, merely calling out its name or writing the characters "Mu Gua" on paper cures the condition, which is inexplicable. Common people use walking sticks made from Mu Gua wood, claiming they benefit the tendons and calves. There is also a fruit called (pronounced Ming) Zha (pronounced ), which is large and yellow, used to enhance alcohol consumption and resolve phlegm. Additionally, Zha seeds are astringent and stop dysentery. The Book of Rites states: "Zha and pears are called ." Zheng Xuan did not recognize Zha, stating it was inferior pears. However, in ancient times, Zha was considered a fruit, whereas now it is no longer classified as such. Ministers Yuxi et al., according to the Shu edition notes: Its branches resemble those of Nai (a type of apple), flowers grow in clusters, and fruits resemble Trichosanthes fruit; when dried by fire, they are very fragrant. The Erya states: , refers to Mu Gua. The annotation says: The fruit resembles a small melon, is sour and edible, but excessive consumption is not beneficial to humans. Furthermore, the Erya annotation states: Zha resembles a pear but is sour and astringent. Chen Cangqi stated: Beyond its original functions, it directs cold qi downward, strengthens sinews and bones, aids digestion, stops thirst following dysentery, and should be taken as a decoction. For foot Qi attacking the heart (Foot Qi Shang Gong Xin), take one fruit, remove seeds, decoct, and ingest; tender fruits are better. It also stops nausea and vomiting, and resolves phlegm-saliva in the chest and diaphragm. It is also said that An Zha, alias Man Zha, when eaten, removes nausea. Its odor is pungent and fragrant, and placing it in clothing chests repels insects and fish. Eating it stops acid water in the heart and treats watery dysentery. Zha seeds, beyond their original functions, when eaten, remove nausea and sour throat sensations, and stop alcoholic phlegm with yellow fluid. They are smaller than but similar to . They are absent in the north but present in Zhongdu. Zheng's annotation on the Book of Rites states: Zha are inferior pears. Because they have no efficacy. Meng Shen stated: Mu Gua, strictly speaking, boiling its branches and leaves for drinking also treats cholera-like illness. Do not eat excessively, as it damages teeth and bones. For colic below the navel, use one or two slices of Mu Gua, seven mulberry leaves, three jujubes, crush them, add two sheng of water, boil down to half a sheng, and ingest at once for recovery. He also stated Zha seeds are neutral. They damage teeth and tendons and should not be eaten. They also treat cholera-like illness with muscle cramps; decocting and ingesting the juice has efficacy comparable to Mu Gua, with no other benefits. In regions outside the river, they are commonly eaten as fruits. Ri Huazi stated: Mu Gua stops vomiting and diarrhea, Ben Tun (rushing pig syndrome), Foot Qi, edema, cold and hot dysentery, abdominal pain, thirst, nausea, vomiting, and phlegm-saliva. The root treats Foot Qi. He also stated Zha is neutral and non-toxic. It resolves phlegm, detoxifies alcohol, and treats sour throat. Baked ingestion stops dysentery. Soaking in oil for combing hair treats red hair and graying.
Tu Jing stated: Mu Gua's place of origin was not recorded in older texts. Tao Hongjing said: Abundant in Lanting, Shanyin, now found everywhere, but those from Xuancheng are best. The tree resembles Nai, flowers bloom in late spring with deep red color. Fruits are large like melons, small like fists. The Erya calls it . Guo Pu said: The fruit resembles a small melon, is sour, edible, but should not be eaten in excess as it is not beneficial. People in Xuanzhou cultivate it carefully, filling valleys. When fruits first form, thin paper flowers are pasted on them; exposed to night dew and sun, they gradually turn red, with patterns resembling living flowers. This prefecture offers them as tribute. Another variety, Zha, has wood, leaves, flowers, and fruits extremely similar to Mu Gua. The large, yellow variety mentioned by Tao Hongjing, used to enhance alcohol and resolve phlegm, is this one. To distinguish them, look at the stem area; Mu Gua has an additional double stem resembling a nipple, while Zha lacks this feature. Large branches of Mu Gua can be made into walking sticks, claimed to benefit meridians and vessels. Decoctions of roots and leaves for washing feet and calves can cure cold extremities. Cutting the wood, drying it, and making buckets for foot washing is especially beneficial. Daoists press fresh Zha juice, mix with powdered Nard and Scrophularia, make wet incense, claiming it refreshes the spirit.
Lei Gong stated: When using Mu Gua, do not mistake it for He Yuan Zi, Man Zi, or Tu Fu Zi. Their color and external appearance truly resemble Mu Gua, but their odor, efficacy, and internal seeds differ. Real Mu Gua has thin skin, slightly reddish-yellow, fragrant, sweet and sour taste, not astringent. It harmonizes Ying and Wei, assists grain qi. The side facing inward with a pointed tip indicates real Mu Gua. He Yuan Zi is slightly yellow, with thick stems and cores, small round seeds, astringent and slightly salty taste, damaging to human qi. Man Zi grains are small, resembling Mu Gua, extremely astringent taste, unusable. Tu Fu Zi resembles Mu Gua, extremely astringent taste, seeds like large sesame, bitter and astringent, unusable. Ingesting it causes dry eyes, red eyes, and painful red meridians. When processing Mu Gua, avoid iron contact. Use a copper knife to peel off hard skin and remove seeds, slice thinly, and dry in the sun. Then mix with yellow cow milk, steam from Si hour to Wei hour, until Mu Gua resembles paste. Spread thinly in the sun and dry for use. Shi Liao stated: Treats vomiting wind qi. For post-vomiting muscle cramps, decocting and drinking the juice is excellent. For acute pain in legs and knees due to tendon tension, boil Mu Gua until soft, grind into porridge-like paste, and wrap around the painful area. Change when cool, three to five times overnight; wrapping with heat brings recovery. When boiling Mu Gua, add half wine and boil together. Mao Shi: You threw me a Mu Gua, I returned a Qiong Ju. Annotation: Mu Gua is a tree, an edible tree.
Yan Yi stated: Mu Gua obtains the upright energy of Wood, thus entering the sinews. Coating it with Lead Frost removes its sour taste, subjecting it to Metal's control, hence this property. Nowadays, people prefer large Mu Gua from Xi Jing for its sweet and pleasant taste. Until fully ripe, it is greenish-white. Used in medicine, it is highly efficacious. Those from Sheng and Xuancheng have a bland taste. This herb enters the Liver, thus benefiting sinew and blood diseases, weakness in waist, kidneys, and leg joints. It is indispensable.